Cognitive Bias Modification versus CBT in Reducing Adolescent Social Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial

PLoS ONE

Volumn 8, Issue 5, 2013, Pages

  Sportel, B Esther ^a,b,c   de Hullu, Eva ^b,d   de Jong, Peter J ^b   Nauta, Maaike H ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^c Open University of the Netherlands ^*  (Netherlands)

^d OPEN UNIVERSITY OF THE NETHERLANDS   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; COGNITION; COGNITIVE BIAS MODIFICATION; COGNITIVE THERAPY; COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PERSONALITY TEST; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK REDUCTION; SOCIAL PHOBIA;

ADOLESCENT; ANXIETY; COGNITION; COGNITIVE THERAPY; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; MALE; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 84877765339     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064355     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Wittchen H, Fehm L, (2003) Epidemiology and natural course of social fears and social phobia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica.Supplementum 108: 4-18.
2. Stein MB, Kean YM, (2000) Disability and quality of life in social phobia: Epidemiologic findings. The American Journal of Psychiatry 157: 1606-1613.
3. Wittchen H, Fuetsch M, Sonntag H, Müller N, Liebowitz M, (2000) Disability and quality of life in pure and comorbid social phobia: Findings from a controlled study. European Psychiatry 15: 46-58.
4. Neil AL, Christensen H, (2009) Efficacy and effectiveness of school-based prevention and early intervention programs for anxiety. Clinical Psychology Review 29: 208-215.
5. Muris P, Field AP, (2008) Distorted cognition and pathological anxiety in children and adolescents. Cognition & Emotion 22: 395-421.
6. Staugaard SR, (2010) Threatening faces and social anxiety: A literature review. Clinical Psychology Review 30: 669-690.
7. Salemink E, van den Hout M, (2010) Validation of the "recognition task" used in the training of interpretation biases. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry 41: 140-144.
8. Masia-Warner C, Klein RG, Dent HC, Fisher PH, Alvir J, et al. (2005) School-based intervention for adolescents with social anxiety disorder: Results of a controlled study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 33: 707-722.
9. Ginsburg GS, (2009) The child anxiety prevention study: Intervention model and primary outcome. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 77: 580-587.
10. Beard C, Amir N, (2008) A multi-session interpretation modification program: Changes in interpretation and social anxiety symptoms. Behaviour Research & Therapy 46: 1135-1141.
11. Amir N, Beard C, Taylor CT, Klumpp H, Elias J, et al. (2009) Attention training in individuals with generalized social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 77: 961-973.
12. de Hullu E, de Jong PJ, Sportel BE, Nauta MH, (2011) Threat-related automatic associations in socially anxious adolescents. Behaviour Research and Therapy 49: 518-522.
13. de Hullu E (2012) Threat is in the eye of the beholder: Cognitive bias modification in the prevention of adolescent social anxiety. Dissertation: University of Groningen. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/341661457.
14. Hirsch CR, Clark DM, Mathews A, (2006) Imagery and interpretations in social phobia: Support for the combined cognitive biases hypothesis. Behavior Therapy 37: 223-236.
15. Mathews A, Mackintosh B, (2000) Induced emotional interpretation bias and anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 109: 602-615.
16. MacLeod C, Rutherford E, Campbell L, Ebsworthy G, Holker L, (2002) Selective attention and emotional vulnerability: Assessing the causal basis of their association through the experimental manipulation of attentional bias. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 111: 107-123.
17. Clerkin EM, Teachman BA, (2010) Training implicit social anxiety associations: An experimental intervention. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 24: 300-308.
18. Baccus JR, Baldwin M, Packer D, (2004) Increasing implicit self-esteem through classical conditioning. Psychological Science 15: 498-502.
19. Kendall PC, Hudson JL, Choudhury M, Webb A, Pimentel S (2005) Cognitive-behavioral treatment for childhood anxiety disorders. In: Jensen PS, editor. Psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent disorders: Empirically based strategies for clinical practice (2nd ed.). Washington, DC US: American Psychological Association. 47-73.
20. Warner CM, Fisher PH, Shrout PE, Rathor S, Klein RG, (2007) Treating adolescents with social anxiety disorder in school: An attention control trial. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry 48: 676-686.
21. Segool NK, Carlson JS, (2008) Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological treatments for children with social anxiety. Depression and Anxiety 25: 620-631.
22. Clark DM, Wells A (1995) A cognitive model of social phobia. In: Heimberg RG, Liebowitz MR, Hope DA, Schneier FR, editors. Social phobia. New York: The Guilford Press. 69-93.
23. Mulkens S, Bögels SM, de Jong PJ, Louwers J, (2001) Fear of blushing: Effects of task concentration training versus exposure in vivo on fear and physiology. Anxiety Disorders 15: 413-432.
24. Dutch mental health guidelines (GGZ Richtlijnen) website. Available: http://www.ggzrichtlijnen.nl/richtlijn/doc/index.php?type=save&richtlijn_id=35. Accessed 2013 April 16.
25. Beidel DC, Turner SM (2007) Clinical presentation of social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents. In: Beidel DC, Turner SM, editors. Shy children, phobic adults: Nature and treatment of social anxiety disorders (2nd ed.). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association. 47-80.
26. Zeidner M (1998) Test anxiety: The state of the art. New York, NY US: Plenum Press.
27. Gawronski B, Bodenhausen GV, (2006) Associative and propositional processes in evaluation: An integrative review of implicit and explicit attitude change. Psychological Bulletin 132: 692-731.
28. Dutch Trial Register website. Available: http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=965. Accessed 2013 April 16.
29. Chorpita BF, Yim L, Moffitt CE, Umemoto LA, Francis SE, (2000) Assessment of symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety and depression in children: A revised child anxiety and depression scale. Behaviour Research and Therapy 38: 835-855.
30. Van der Ploeg HM (1988) Handleiding bij de Examen/Toets attitude vragenlijst ETAV: Een nederlandstalige bewerking van de spielberger test anxiety inventory [A dutch version of the spielberger test anxiety inventory TAI]. Lisse: Swets en Zeitlinger.
31. Silverman WK, Albano AM (1996) The anxiety disorders interview schedule for children for DSM-IV: (child and parent versions). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
32. Huisman M, Oldehinkel AJ, de Winter A, Minderaa RB, de Bildt A, et al. (2008) Cohort profile: The dutch TRacking adolescents individual lives survey; TRAILS. International Journal of Epidemiology 37: 1227-1227.
33. Holmes EA, Mathews A, Dalgleish T, Mackintosh B, (2006) Positive interpretation training: Effects of mental imagery versus verbal training on positive mood. Behavior Therapy 37: 237-247.
34. Amir N, Beard C, Burns M, Bomyea J, (2009) Attention modification program in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 118: 28-33.
35. Bögels SM, Sijbers GFVM, Voncken M, (2006) Mindfulness and task concentration training for social phobia: A pilot study. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 20: 33-44.
36. Greenwald AG, Nosek BA, Banaji MR, (2003) Understanind and using the implicit association test: I. an improved scoring algorithm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 85: 197-216.
37. Glashouwer KA, Smulders FTY, de Jong PJ, Roefs A, Wiers RW, (2013) Measuring automatic associations: Validation of algorithms for the implicit association test (IAT) in a laboratory setting. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 44: 105-113.
38. Lundqvist D, Flykt A, Öhman A (1998) The karolinska directed emotional faces (KDEF). Stockholm: Department of Neurosciences Karolinska Hospital.
39. Miers AC, Blöte AW, Bögels SM, Westenberg PM, (2008) Interpretation bias and social anxiety in adolescents. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 22: 1462-1471.
40. Rasbash J, Charlton WJ, Browne M, Healy M, Cameron B (2010) MLwiN version 2.18. Centre for Multilevel Modelling, University of Bristol.
41. Snijders TAB, Bosker RJ (1999) Multilevel Analysis: an introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modelling. London UK: Sage.
42. Twisk JWR (2006) Applied Multilevel Analysis: a practical guide for medical researchers. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press.
43. Aune T, Stiles TC, (2009) Universal-based prevention of syndromal and subsyndromal social anxiety: A randomized controlled study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 77: 867-879.
44. Van Oort FVA, Greaves-Lord K, Verhulst FC, Ormel J, Huizink AC, (2009) The developmental course of anxiety symptoms during adolescence: The TRAILS study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 50: 1209-1217.
45. Salemink E, van den Hout M, Kindt M, (2010) Generalisation of modified interpretive bias across tasks and domains. Cognition & Emotion 24: 453-464.
46. Huijding J, de Jong PJ, (2006) Specific predictive power of automatic spider-related affective associations for controllable and uncontrollable fear responses toward spiders. Behaviour Research and Therapy 44: 161-176.
47. Cuijpers P, (2003) Examining the effects of prevention programs on the incidence of new cases of mental disorders: The lack of statistical power. American Journal of Psychiatry 160: 1385-91.
48. Glashouwer KA, de Jong PJ, Penninx BWJH, (2011) Predictive validity of automatic self-associations for the onset of anxiety disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 120: 607-616.
49. Glashouwer KA, de Jong PJ, Penninx BWJH, (2012) Prognostic value of implicit and explicit self-associations for the course of depressive and anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy 50: 479-486.