"Smoking wet": Respiratory failure related to smoking tainted Marijuana cigarettes

Texas Heart Institute Journal

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 64-67

  Gilbert, Christopher R ^a   Baram, Michael ^a   Cavarocchi, Nicholas C ^a  

^a THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Adult etiology therapy; Artificial methods; Formaldehyde adverse effects toxicity; Lung diseases chemically induced; Marijuana smoking adverse effects complications epidemiology; Phencyclidine abuse; Respiration; Respiratory distress syndrome; Respiratory insufficiency chemically induced; Street drugs adverse effects; Substance abuse detection; Substance related disorders complications diagnosis prevention and control

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; FORMALDEHYDE; PHENCYCLIDINE; PROSTACYCLIN; TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL;

ADULT; ALCOHOL ABUSE; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; CANNABIS ADDICTION; CANNABIS SMOKING; CASE REPORT; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DEPRESSION; EXTRACORPOREAL OXYGENATION; FEMALE; HEMATOTHORAX; HIGH FREQUENCY VENTILATION; HUMAN; HYPOXEMIA; LUNG INFILTRATE; MALE; NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING; PNEUMONIA; PNEUMOTHORAX; RESPIRATORY FAILURE; SEIZURE; SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; SPIROMETRY; TAINTED MARIJUANA CIGARETTE; THORACOTOMY; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; TRACHEOSTOMY;

FORMALDEHYDE/ ADVERSE EFFECTS/TOXICITY; LUNG DISEASES/CHEMICALLY INDUCED; MARIJUANA SMOKING/ADVERSE EFFECTS/COMPLICATIONS/EPIDEMIOLOGY; PHENCYCLIDINE ABUSE; RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL/METHODS; RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, ADULT/ETIOLOGY/THERAPY; RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY/CHEMICALLY INDUCED; STREET DRUGS/ADVERSE EFFECTS; SUBSTANCE ABUSE DETECTION; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS/COMPLICATIONS/DIAGNOSIS/PREVENTION & CONTROL;

ADULT; EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION; FEMALE; FORMALDEHYDE; HUMANS; MALE; MARIJUANA ABUSE; MARIJUANA SMOKING; PHENCYCLIDINE ABUSE; RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY; SMOKE INHALATION INJURY; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84877697701     PISSN: 07302347     EISSN: 15266702     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. Moriarty AL. What's "new" in street drugs: "illy". J Pediatr Health Care 1996;10(1):41-3.
2. Peters RJ Jr, Williams M, Ross MW, Atkinson J, McCurdy SA. The use of fry (embalming fluid and PCP-laced cigarettes or marijuana sticks) among crack cocaine smokers. J Drug Educ 2008;38(3):285-95.
3. Elwood WN. TCADA research brief: "Fry": a study of adolescents' use of embalming fluid with marijuana and tobacco. Austin (TX): Texas Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse; 1998. Available from: http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/ WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=10416 [cited 2013 Jan 14].
4. Nelson LS, Holland JA, Ravikumar PR. Dangerous form of marijuana. Ann Emerg Med 1999;34(1):115-6.
5. D'Onofrio G, McCausland JB, Tarabar AF, Degutis LC. Illy: clinical and public health implications of a street drug. Subst Abus 2006;27(4):45-51.
6. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. N Engl J Med 2000;342(18):1301-8.
7. Murray JF, Matthay MA, Luce JM, Flick MR. An expanded definition of the adult respiratory distress syndrome [published erratum appears in Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;139(4): 1065]. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;138(3):720-3.
8. Barsky SH, Roth MD, Kleerup EC, Simmons M, Tashkin DP. Histopathologic and molecular alterations in bronchial epithelium in habitual smokers of marijuana, cocaine, and/or tobacco. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998;90(16):1198-205.
9. Roth MD, Arora A, Barsky SH, Kleerup EC, Simmons M, Tashkin DP. Airway inflammation in young marijuana and tobacco smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;157(3 Pt 1):928-37.
10. Fligiel SE, Roth MD, Kleerup EC, Barsky SH, Simmons MS, Tashkin DP. Tracheobronchial histopathology in habitual smokers of cocaine, marijuana, and/or tobacco. Chest 1997; 112(2):319-26.
11. Tashkin DP. Airway effects of marijuana, cocaine, and other inhaled illicit agents. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2001;7(2):43-61.
12. Burge PS, Harries MG, Lam WK, O'Brien IM, Patchett PA. Occupational asthma due to formaldehyde. Thorax 1985;40 (4):255-60.
13. Appelman LM, Woutersen RA, Zwart A, Falke HE, Feron VJ. One-year inhalation toxicity study of formaldehyde in male rats with a damaged or undamaged nasal mucosa. J Appl Toxicol 1988;8(2):85-90.
14. Woutersen RA, Appelman LM, Wilmer JW, Falke HE, Feron VJ. Subchronic (13-week) inhalation toxicity study of formaldehyde in rats. J Appl Toxicol 1987;7(1):43-9.
15. Porter JA. Letter: acute respiratory distress following formalin inhalation. Lancet 1975;2(7935):603-4.
16. Lino dos Santos Franco A, Damazo AS, Beraldo de Souza HR, Domingos HV, Oliveira-Filho RM, Oliani SM, et al. Pulmonary neutrophil recruitment and bronchial reactivity in formaldehyde-exposed rats are modulated by mast cells and differentially by neuropeptides and nitric oxide. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2006;214(1):35-42.
17. Cassee FR, Groten JP, Feron VJ. Changes in the nasal epithelium of rats exposed by inhalation to mixtures of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1996;29(2):208-18.
18. Salmon AG, Winder B, Brown JP, Riveles K. Technical support document for the derivation of noncancer reference exposure levels. Appendix D.1. Formaldehyde reference exposure levels. Oakland (CA): Air Toxicology and Epidemiology Branch, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency. p. 128-69. Available from: http://oehha.ca.gov/air/hot_spots/2008/ AppendixD1_final.pdf#page=2 [2008 Dec; cited 2013 Jan 14].