Ultrasound measurement of the transverse diameter of the fetal thymus in pregnancies complicated by the preterm prelabor rupture of membranes

Journal of Clinical Ultrasound

Volumn 41, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 283-289

  Musilova, Ivana ^a,b   Hornychova, Helena ^a   Kostal, Milan ^b   Jacobsson, Bo ^c,d   Kacerovsky, Marian ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL HRADEC KRALOVE   (Czech Republic)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PARDUBICE   (Czech Republic)

^c SAHLGRENSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

Author keywords

Chorioamnionitis; Funisitis; Obstetrics; PPROM; Preterm birth; Thymus; Ultrasonography

Indexed keywords

ADULT; CHORIOAMNIONITIS; ECHOGRAPHY; EMBRYOLOGY; FEMALE; GESTATIONAL AGE; HUMAN; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PREGNANCY; PREMATURE FETUS MEMBRANE RUPTURE; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; THYMUS; ARTICLE; PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT;

ADULT; CHORIOAMNIONITIS; FEMALE; FETAL MEMBRANES, PREMATURE RUPTURE; GESTATIONAL AGE; HUMANS; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PREGNANCY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; THYMUS GLAND;

EID: 84877694977     PISSN: 00912751     EISSN: 10970096     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22027     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Mercer BM, Goldenberg RL, Meis PJ, et al. The Preterm Prediction Study: prediction of preterm premature rupture of membranes through clinical findings and ancillary testing. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:738.
2. Kacerovsky M, Andrys C, Hornychova H, et al. Amniotic fluid soluble Toll-like receptor 4 in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012;25:1148.
3. Redline RW, Faye-Petersen O, Heller D, et al. Amniotic infection syndrome: nosology and reproducibility of placental reaction patterns. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2003;6:435.
4. Ragouilliaux CJ, Keeney SE, Hawkins HK, et al. Maternal factors in extremely low birth weight infants who develop spontaneous intestinal perforation. Pediatrics 2007;120:e1458.
5. Dammann O, Brinkhaus MJ, Bartels DB, et al. Immaturity, perinatal inflammation, and retinopathy of prematurity: a multi-hit hypothesis. Early Hum Dev 2009;85:325.
6. Faye-Petersen OM. The placenta in preterm birth. J Clin Pathol 2008;61:1261.
7. Naeye RL, Harcke HTJr, Blanc WA. Adrenal gland structure and the development of hyaline membrane disease. Pediatrics 1971;47:650.
8. Miralles R, Hodge R, Kotecha S. Fetal cortisol response to intrauterine microbial colonisation identified by the polymerase chain reaction and fetal inflammation. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2008;93:F51.
9. Buhimschi CS, Turan OM, Funai EF, et al. Fetal adrenal gland volume and cortisol/dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate ratio in inflammation-associated preterm birth. Obstet Gynecol 2008;111:715.
10. Jondal M, Pazirandeh A, Okret S. Different roles for glucocorticoids in thymocyte homeostasis?Trends Immunol 2004;25:595.
11. De Felice C, Toti P, Santopietro R, et al. Small thymus in very low birth weight infants born to mothers with subclinical chorioamnionitis. JPediatr 1999;135:384.
12. Di Naro E, Cromi A, Ghezzi F, et al. Fetal thymic involution: a sonographic marker of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006;194:153.
13. Yinon Y, Zalel Y, Weisz B, et al. Fetal thymus size as a predictor of chorioamnionitis in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2007;29:639.
14. El-Haieg DO, Zidan AA, El-Nemr MM. The relationship between sonographic fetal thymus size and the components of the systemic fetal inflammatory response syndrome in women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes. BJOG 2008;115:836.
15. Cho JY, Min JY, Lee YH, et al. Diameter of the normal fetal thymus on ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2007;29:634.
16. The Czech Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Clinical guidelines in obstetrics [in Czech]. 2007 [available from: http://www.perinatologie.cz/dokumenty/].
17. Musilova I, Kacerovsky M, Reslova T, et al. Ultrasound measurements of the transverse diameter of the fetal thymus in uncomplicated singleton pregnancies. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2010;31:766.
18. Salafia CM, Weigl C, Silberman L. The prevalence and distribution of acute placental inflammation in uncomplicated term pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol 1989;73:383.
19. Taub DD, Longo DL. Insights into thymic aging and regeneration. Immunol Rev 2005;205:72.
20. Gruver AL, Sempowski GD. Cytokines, leptin, and stress-induced thymic atrophy. J Leukoc Biol 2008;84:915.
21. Wang SD, Huang KJ, Lin YS, et al. Sepsis-induced apoptosis of the thymocytes in mice. J Immunol 1994;152:5014.
22. Xu YX, Wichmann MW, Ayala A, et al. Trauma-hemorrhage induces increased thymic apoptosis while decreasing IL-3 release and increasing GM-CSF. J Surg Res 1997;68:24.
23. Dourov N. Thymic atrophy and immune deficiency in malnutrition. Curr Top Pathol 1986;75:127.
24. Cromi A, Ghezzi F, Raffaelli R, et al. Ultrasonographic measurement of thymus size in IUGR fetuses: a marker of the fetal immunoendocrine response to malnutrition. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009;33:421.
25. Chen CM, Yu KY, Lin HC, et al. Thymus size and its relationship to perinatal events. Acta Paediatr 2000;89:975.
26. Concordet JP, Ferry A. Physiological programmed cell death in thymocytes is induced by physical stress (exercise). Am J Physiol 1993;265:C626.
27. Toti P, De Felice C, Stumpo M, et al. Acute thymic involution in fetuses and neonates with chorioamnionitis. Hum Pathol 2000;31: 1121.
28. van Baarlen J, Schuurman HJ, Reitsma R, et al. Acute thymus involution during infancy and childhood: immunohistology of the thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissues after acute illness. Pediatr Pathol 1989;9:261.
29. Glavina-Durdov M, Springer O, Capkun V, et al. The grade of acute thymus involution in neonates correlates with the duration of acute illness and with the percentage of lymphocytes in peripheral blood smear. Pathological study. Biol Neonate 2003;83:229.
30. Kunzmann S, Glogger K, Been JV, et al. Thymic changes after chorioamnionitis induced by intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide in fetal sheep. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010;202:476 e1.
31. Zubkova I, Mostowski H, Zaitseva M. Up-regulation of IL-7, stromal-derived factor-1 alpha, thymus-expressed chemokine, and secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine gene expression in the stromal cells in response to thymocyte depletion: implication for thymus reconstitution. J Immunol 2005;175:2321.
32. LaBorde JB, Hansen DK, Young JF, et al. Prenatal dexamethasone exposure in rats: effects of dose, age at exposure, and drug-induced hypophagia on malformations and fetal organ weights. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1992;19:545.