Suicidal ideation and reported suicide attempts in Greece during the economic crisis

World Psychiatry

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 53-59

  Economou, Marina ^a,b   Madianos, Michael ^c   Peppou, Lily Evangelia ^a   Theleritis, Christos ^a   Patelakis, Athanasios ^a   Stefanis, Costas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Greece)

^b NATIONAL AND KAPODISTRIAN UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS   (Greece)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS   (Greece)

Author keywords

Financial crisis; Greece; Suicidal ideation; Suicide attempts; Unemployment

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; DEPRESSION; ECONOMIC RECESSION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; GREECE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MARRIED PERSON; MEDICAL HISTORY; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SUICIDAL IDEATION; SUICIDE ATTEMPT; TELEPHONE; TRUST;

EID: 84877694887     PISSN: 17238617     EISSN: 20515545     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/wps.20016     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. World Health Organization. Prevention of suicide: guidelines for the formulation and implementation of national strategies. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1996.
2. US Department of Health and Human Services. With understanding and improving health and objectives for improving health. Washington: US Department of Health and Human Services, 2000.
3. World Health Organization. Suicide prevention (SUPRE). Geneva: World Health Organization, 2007.
4. Brezo J, Paris J, Tremblay R et al. Personality traits as correlates of suicide attempts and suicidal ideation in young adults. Psychol Med 2006;36:180-206.
5. Suominen K, Isometsa E, Suokas J et al. Completed suicide after a suicide attempt: a 37-year follow-up study. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:562-3.
6. Nock MK, Borges G, Bromet EJ et al. Suicide and suicidal behavior. Epidemiol Rev 2008;30:133-54.
7. Nock MK, Borges G, Bromet EJ et al. Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Br J Psychiatry 2008;192: 98-105.
8. Kessler RC, Borges G, Walters EE. Prevalence of and risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:617-26.
9. Cavanagh JT, Carson AJ, Sharpe M et al. Psychological autopsy studies of suicide: a systematic review. Psychol Med 2003;33: 395-405.
10. Bostwick JM, Pankratz VS. Affective disorders and suicide risk: a reexamination. Am J Psychiatry 2000;157:1925-32.
11. Gunnell D, Lopatatzidis A, Dorling D et al. Suicide and unemployment in young people. Analysis of trends in England and Wales, 1921-1995. Br J Psychiatry 1999;175:263-70.
12. McMillan KA, Enns MW, Asmundson GJ et al. The association between income and distress, mental disorders, and suicidal ideation and attempts: findings from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys. J Clin Psychiatry 2010; 71:1168-75.
13. Madianos M, Economou M, Alexiou T et al. Depression and economic hardship across Greece in 2008 and 2009: two cross-sectional surveys nationwide. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2011;46:943-52.
14. Lee S, Guo WJ, Tsang A et al. Evidence for the 2008 economic crisis exacerbating depression in Hong Kong. J Affect Disord 2010;126:125-33.
15. Wang JL, Smailes E, Sareen J et al. The prevalence of mental disorders in the working population over the period of global economic crisis. Can J Psychiatry 2010;55:598-605.
16. Economou M, Madianos M, Peppou L et al. Major depression in the era of economic crisis: a replication of a cross-sectional study across Greece. J Affect Disord (in press).
17. World Health Organization. Impact of economic crises on mental health. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2011.
18. Eurostat. Euro area and EU27 government deficit at 6.0% and 6.4% of GDP respectively. Luxembourg: Eurostat, 2011.
19. Hellenic Statistical Authority. Unemployment rate at 16.6% in May 2011. Piraeus: Hellenic Statistical Authority, 2011.
20. Kentikelenis A, Papanicolas I. Economic crisis, austerity and the Greek public health system. Eur J Public Health 2012;22:4-5.
21. Kentikelenis A, Karanikolos M, Papanicolas I et al. Health effects of financial crisis: omens of a Greek tragedy. Lancet 2011; 378:1457-8.
22. Stuckler D, Basu S, Suhrcke M et al. Effects of the 2008 recession on health: a first look at European data. Lancet 2011;378: 124-5.
23. Economou M, Madianos M, Theleritis C et al. Increased suicidal-ity amid economic crisis in Greece. Lancet 2011;378:1459.
24. Economou M, Madianos M, Peppou LE et al. Suicidality and the economic crisis in Greece. Lancet 2012;380:337.
25. Zacharakis CA, Madianos M, Papadimitriou GN et al. Suicide in Greece 1980-1995: patterns and social factors. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1998;33:471-6.
26. Madianos M, Madianou-Gefou D, Stefanis CN. Changes in suicidal behavior among nation-wide general population samples across Greece. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1993;243:171-8.
27. World Health Organization. Suicide rates in Greece. www.who.int.
28. Ketola E, Klockars M. Computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) in primary care. Fam Pract 1999;16:179-83.
29. First MB, Spitzer R, Gibbon M et al. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, patient edition. New York: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1996.
30. Madianos M, Papaghelis M, Philippakis A. The reliability of SCID-I in Greece in clinical and general population. Psychiatriki 1997;8:101-8.
31. Madianos M, Economou M, Stefanis C. Long-term outcome of psychiatric disorders in the community: a 13 year follow up study in a nonclinical population. Compr Psychiatry 1998;39:47-56.
32. European Social Survey. Questionnaire. www.europeansocial survey.org.
33. Madianos M, Stefanis CN. Changes in the prevalence of symptoms of depression and depression across Greece. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1992;27:211-9.
34. Ministry of Public Order & Citizen Protection. Table on suicides (completed and attempted) from 2009 until 10-12-2011. Athens: Police Headquarters, 2011.
35. Hong J, Knapp M, McGuire A. Income-related inequalities in the prevalence of depression and suicidal behavior: a 10-year trend following economic crisis. World Psychiatry 2011;10:40-4.
36. Gavrilova NS, Semyonova VG, Evdokushkina GN et al. The response of violent mortality to economic crisis in Russia. Popul Res Policy Rev 2000;19:397-419.
37. Gunnell D, Harbord R, Singleton N et al. Factors influencing the development and amelioration of suicidal thoughts in the general population. Cohort study. Br J Psychiatry 2004;185:385-93.
38. Chang SS, Gunnell D, Sterne JAC et al. Was the economic crisis 1997-1998 responsible for rising suicide rates in East/Southeast Asia? A time-trend analysis for Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Thailand. Soc Sci Med 2009;68:1322-31.
39. Hellenic Statistical Authority. Research on Labour Force: May 2012. Piraeus: Hellenic Statistical Authority, 2012.
40. Kelly S. Don't stop thinking about tomorrow: the changing face of retirement-the past, the present, the future. Sydney: AMP. NATSEM, 2009.
41. Sargent-Cox K, Butterworth P, Anstey KJ. The global financial crisis and psychological health in a sample of Australian older adults: a longitudinal study. Soc Sci Med 2011;73:1105-12.
42. Catalano R. The health effects of economic insecurity. Am J Public Health 1991;81:1148-52.
43. Kawachi I. Social capital and community effects on population and individual health. Ann NY Acad Sci 1999;896:120-30.
44. Kawachi I, Kennedy BP, Lochner K et al. Social capital, income inequality and mortality. Am J Public Health 1997;87:1491-8.
45. Duberstein P, Conwell Y, Connor K et al. Poor social integration and suicide: fact or artifact? Psychol Med 2004;34:1331-7.
46. Durkheim E. Le suicide. Etude de sociologie. Paris: Les Presses universitaires de France, 1897.
47. Wahlbeck K, McDaid D. Actions to alleviate the mental health impact of the economic crisis. World Psychiatry 2012;11:139-45.
48. Moller-Leimkuhler A. The gender gap in suicide and premature death or: why are so men so vulnerable? Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2003;253:1-8.
49. Conger RD, Elder GH, Lorenz FO et al. Linking economic hardship to marital quality and instability. J Marriage Fam 1990;52: 643-55.
50. Conger RD, Wallace LE, Sun Y et al. Economic pressure in African American families: a replication and extension of the family stress model. Dev Psychol 2002;38:179-93.
51. Vijayakumar L. Suicide prevention: the urgent need in developing countries. World Psychiatry 2004;3:158-9.
52. Vinokur AD, Price RH, Caplan RD. Hard times and hurtful partners: how financial strain affects depression and relationship satisfaction of unemployed persons and their spouses. J Pers Soc Psychol 1996;71:166-79.
53. Hraba J, Lorenz FO, Pechacova Z. Family stress during the Czech transformation. J Marriage Fam 2000;62:520-31.
54. Kinnunen U, Pulkkinen L. Linking economic stress to marital quality among Finnish marital couples: mediator effects. J Fam Issues 1998;19:705-24.
55. Robila M, Krishnakumar A. Effects of economic pressure on marital conflict in Romania. J Fam Psychol 2005;19:246-51.
56. Kwon HK, Rueter MA, Lee MS et al. Marital relationships following the Korean economic crisis: applying the family stress model. J Marriage Fam 2003;65:316-25.
57. Bebbington PE, Minot S, Cooper C et al. Suicidal ideation, self-harm and attempted suicide: results from the British psychiatric morbidity survey 2000. Eur Psychiatry 2010;25:427-31.
58. Mann JJ, Apter A, Bertolote J et al. Suicide prevention strategies: a systematic review. JAMA 2005;294:2064-74.
59. Evans E, Hawton K, Rodham K et al. The prevalence of suicidal phenomena in adolescents: a systematic review of population-based studies. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2005;35: 239-50.
60. Nock MK, Banaji MR. Prediction of suicide ideation and attempts among adolescents using a brief performance-based test. J Consult Clin Psychol 2007;75:707-15.