Uncertainties in estimated phosphorus loads as a function of different sampling frequencies and common calculation methods

Marine and Freshwater Research

Volumn 64, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 373-386

  Defew, L H ^a   May, L ^a   Heal, K V ^b  

^a CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Diffuse pollution; phosphorus loads; regulatory monitoring; storm events.

Indexed keywords

CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DATA SET; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; ESTIMATION METHOD; MONITORING SYSTEM; PHOSPHORUS; SAMPLING; STORM; STREAMFLOW; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; WATER QUALITY;

HIGHLAND; LOCH LEVEN; SCOTLAND; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 84877684341     PISSN: 13231650     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/MF12097     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Bailey-Watts, A. E., and Kirika, A. (1999). Poor water quality in Loch Leven (Scotland) since 1995 despite reduced phosphorus loadings since 1985: the influence of catchment management and inter-annual weather variation. Hydrobiologia 403, 135-151. doi:10.1023/A:1003758713050
2. Bowes, M. J., Smith, J. T., and Neal, C. (2009). The value of high resolution nutrient monitoring: a case study of the River Frome, Dorset, UK. Journal of Hydrology 378, 82-96. doi:10.1016/J.JHYDROL.2009. 09.015
3. Cassidy, R., and Jordan, P. (2011). Limitations of instantaneous water quality sampling in surface-water catchments: comparison with nearcontinuous phosphorus time-series data. Journal of Hydrology 405, 182-193. doi:10.1016/J.JHYDROL.2011.05.020
4. Defew, L. (2008). The influence of high flow events on phosphorus delivery to Loch Leven, Scotland, UK. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Edinburgh
5. Eisenreich, S. J., Bannermann, R. T., and Armstrong, D. E. (1975). A simplified phosphorus analytical technique. Environmental Letters 9, 43-53. doi:10.1080/00139307509437455
6. Evans, D. J., and Johnes, P. J. (2004). Physico-chemical controls on phosphorus cycling in two lowland streams. Part 1 - the water column. The Science of the Total Environment 329, 145-163. doi:10.1016/ J.SCITOTENV.2004.02. 018
7. Ferguson, R. I. (1986). River loads underestimated by ratings curves. Water Research 22, 74-76. doi:10.1029/WR022I001P00074
8. Foy, R. H. (2007). Variation in the reactive phosphorus concentrations in rivers of northwest Europe with respect to their potential to cause eutrophication. Soil Use and Management 23(Suppl. 1), 195-204. doi:10.1111/J.1475-2743.2007.00111.X
9. Greig, S. M. (2005). Trends in diffuse pollution: data report to assist with the design and implementation of effective diffuse pollution monitoring programmes. Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Diffuse Pollution Initiative, Special Report 19.
10. Haan, C. T. (2002). 'Statistical Methods in Hydrology.' 2nd edn. (Iowa State University Press: Ames, IA.)
11. Harmel, R. D., and King, K. W. (2005). Uncertainty in measured sediment and nutrient flux in runoff from small agricultural watersheds. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 48, 1713-1721.
12. Harmel, R. D., King, K. W., and Hauck, L. (2003). Automated storm water sampling strategies on small watersheds. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 19, 667-674.
13. Harmel, R. D., King, K. W., Haggard, B. E., Wren, D. G., and Sheridan, J. M. (2006). Practical guidance for discharge and water quality data collection on small watersheds. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 49, 937-948.
14. Haygarth, P. M., and Jarvis, S. C. (1996). Soil derived phosphorus in surface runoff from grazed grassland lysimeters. Water Research 31, 140-148.
15. Haygarth, P. M., Condron, L. M., Heathwaite, A. L., Turner, B. L., and Harris, G. P. (2005). The phosphorus transfer continuum: linking source to impact with an interdisciplinary and multi-scaled approach. The Science of the Total Environment 344, 5-14.
16. Jarvie, H. P., Neal, C., and Withers, P. J. A. (2006). Sewage-effluent phosphorus: a greater risk to river eutrophication than agricultural phosphorus? The Science of the Total Environment 360, 246-253. doi:10.1016/J.SCITOTENV. 2005.08.038
17. Johnes, P. (2007). Uncertainties in annual riverine phosphorus load estimation: impact of load estimation methodology, sampling frequency, baseflow index and catchment population density. Journal of Hydrology 332, 241-258. doi:10.1016/J.JHYDROL.2006.07.006
18. Jordan, P., and Cassidy, R. (2011). Technical Note: Assessing a 24/7 solution for monitoring water quality loads in small river catchments. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, 3093-3100.
19. Jordan, P., Arnscheidt, A., McGrogan, H., and McCormick, S. (2005). High resolution phosphorus transfers at the catchment scale: the hidden importance of non-storm transfers. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 9, 685-691. doi:10.5194/HESS-9-685-2005
20. Jordan, P., Melland, A. R., Mellander, P.-E., Shortle, G., and Wall, D. (2012). The seasonality of phosphorus transfers from land to water: implications for trophic impacts and policy evaluation. The Science of the Total Environment 434, 101-109. doi:10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2011.12.070
21. King, K. W., and Harmel, R. D. (2003). Considerations in selecting a water quality sampling strategy. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 46, 63-73.
22. Kristensen, P., and Bøgestrand, J. (1996). 'Surface Water Quality Monitoring.' (EEA: Copenhagen.)
23. May, L., and Spears, B. (2012). Loch Leven: 40 years of scientific research - Understanding the links between pollution, climate change and ecological response. Developments in Hydrobiology 218. 132 pp.
24. Murphy, J., and Riley, J. P. (1962).Amodified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta 27, 31-36. doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(00)88444-5
25. Ongley, E. D. (1973). Sediment discharge from Canadian basins into Lake Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 10, 146-156. doi:10.1139/ E73-017
26. Phillips, J. M., Webb, B. W., Walling, D. E., and Leeks, G. J. L. (1999). Estimating suspended sediment loads in the LOIS study area using infrequent samples. Hydrological Processes 13, 1035-1050. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099- 1085(199905)13 : 7,1035::AID-HYP788. 3.0.CO;2-K
27. Poinke, H. B., Gburek, W. J., Schnabel, R. R., Sharpley, A. N., and Elwinger, G. F. (1999). Seasonal flow, nutrient concentrations and loading patters in stream flow draining an agricultural hill-land watershed. Journal of Hydrology 220, 62-73.
28. Rekolainen, S., Posch, M., Kaemaeri, J., and Ekholm, P. (1991). Evaluation of the accuracy and precision of annual phosphorus load estimates from two agricultural basins in Finland. Journal of Hydrology 128, 237-255. doi:10.1016/0022-1694(91)90140-D
29. Robertson, D. M., and Roerish, E. D. (1999). Influence of various water quality sampling strategies on load estimates for small streams. Water Resources Research 35, 3747-3759. doi:10.1029/1999WR900277
30. Rodda, J. C., and Jones, G. N. (1983). Preliminary estimates of loads carried by rivers to estuaries and coastal waters around Great Britain derived from the Harmonised Monitoring Scheme. Journal of the Institution of Water Engineers and Scientists 37, 529-539.
31. Schindler, D. W., Hecky, R. E., Findlay, D. L., Stainton, M. P., Parker, B. R., Paterson, M. J., Beaty, K. G., Lyng, M., and Kasian, S. E. (2008). Eutrophication of lakes cannot be controlled by reducing nitrogen input: results of a 37-year whole-ecosystem experiment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105, 11254-11258. doi:10.1073/PNAS. 0805108105
32. Sharpley, A. N. (2008). Phosphorus loads from an agricultural watershed as a function of storm size. Journal of Environmental Quality 37, 362-368. doi:10.2134/JEQ2007.0366
33. Soerens, T. S., and Nelson, M. A. (2002). Sampling strategies for determining nutrient loads in streams. In 'Proceedings of the National Monitoring Conference, Monona Terrace Convention Centre, Madison, WI, 20-23 May 2002'. (National Water Quality Monitoring Council.)
34. Stevens, R. J., and Smith, R. V. (1978). A comparison of discrete and intensive sampling for measuring river loads of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Lough Neagh system. Water Research 11, 631-636.
35. Tate, K. W., Dahlgren, R. A., Singer, M. J., Allen-Diaz, B., and Atwill, E. R. (1999). Timing, frequency of sampling affects accuracy of water-quality monitoring. California Agriculture 53, 44-48. doi:10.3733/CA. V053N06P44
36. Thomas, R. B., and Lewis, J. (1995). An evaluation of flow stratified sampling for estimating suspended sediment loads. Journal of Hydrology 170, 27-45. doi:10.1016/0022-1694(95)02699-P
37. Verhoff, F. H., Yakish, S. M., and Melfi, D. A. (1980). River nutrient and chemical transport estimates. Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division 10, 591-608.
38. Wade, A. J., Palmer-Felgate, E. J., Halliday, S. J., Skeffington, R. A., Loewenthal, M., Jarvie, H. P., Bowes, M. J., Greenway, G. M., Haswell, S. J., Bell, I. M., Joly, E., Fallatah, A., Neal, C., Williams, R. J., Gozzard, E., and Newman, J. R. (2012). From existing in situ, high-resolution measurement technologies to lab-on-a-chip - the future of water quality monitoring? Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 9, 6457-6506. doi:10.5194/HESSD-9-6457-2012
39. Walling, D. E., and Webb, B. W. (1981). The reliability of suspended sediment load data. In 'Erosion and Sediment Transport Measurement'. (Eds D. Walling and P. Tacconi.) IAHS Publication no. 133, pp. 177-194. (IAHS Press: Wallingford, UK.)
40. Walling, D. E., Russell, M. A., and Webb, B. W. (2001). Controls on the nutrient content of suspended sediment transport by British Rivers. The Science of the Total Environment 266, 113-123. doi:10.1016/S0048- 9697(00)00746-4
41. Webb, B. W., Phillips, J. M., Walling, D. E., Littlewood, I. G., Watts, C. D., and Leeks, G. J. L. (1997). Load estimation methodologies for British rivers and their relevance to the LOIS RACS programme. The Science of the Total Environment 194]195, 379-389. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(96) 05377-6