Differences between union and nonunion compensation, 2001-2011

Monthly Labor Review

Volumn 136, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 16-23

  Long, George I ^a  

^a BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS   (United States)

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EID: 84877641581     PISSN: 00981818     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. National Compensation Survey: Employee Benefi ts in the United States, March 2012, bulletin 2773, (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, September 2012), http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/benefi ts/2012/home. htm
2. For historical data, see "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation: Historical Listing, March 2004-December 2012" (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2013), ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special. requests/ocwc/ect/ececqrtn.pdf. Historically, union workers have earned more than nonunion workers
3. See Kay E. Anderson, Philip M Doyle, and Albert E. Schwenk, "Measuring union-nonunion earnings diff erences," Monthly Labor Review (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, June 1990)
4. see also Ann C. Foster, "Union-nonunion Wage Diff erences, 1997," Compensation and Working Conditions (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Spring 2000);
5. http://www.bls.gov/opub/cwc/archive/ spring2000brief2.pdf.
6. In 2011, the union membership rate-the percent of wage and salary workers who were members of a union-was 11.8 percent, and the number of workers belonging to unions that year was 14.8 million. In 1983, the fi rst year for which comparable union data are available, the union membership rate was 20.1 percent and there were 17.7 million union workers
7. See "Union Members - 2011," news release USDL-12-0094 (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, January 27, 2012), http://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/union2_01272012.htm.
8. For data on union representation and membership in 2001
9. see "Union Members in 2001," news release USDL-02-28 (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, January 17, 2002), http://www.bls.gov/news. release/History/union2_01172002.txt
10. for 2011 data, see "Union Members - 2011."
11. See Lawrence Mishel, "Unions, Inequality, and Faltering Middle-Class Wages," Issue Brief 342 (Economic Policy Institute, August, 2012), http://www.epi.org/publication/ib342-unions-inequality-falteringmiddle-class/.
12. Employment Cost Index Historical Listing: Current Dollar, September 1975-December 2005, vol. 1 (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2013), http://www.bls.gov/web/eci/echistry.pdf.
13. See Thomas G. Moehrle, John L. Bishow, and Anthony J. Barkume, "Benefit Costs Concepts and Limitations of ECEC Measurement," Compensation and Working Conditions Online, July 2012, http:// www.bls.gov/opub/cwc/cm20120725ar01p1.htm.
14. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) data do not provide a valid time series
15. See Michael K. Lettau, Mark A. Lowenstein, and Aaron T. Cushner, "Explaining Diff erential Growth Rates of the ECI and ECEC," Compensation and Working Conditions (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Summer 1997), http://www.bls.gov/opub/ cwc/archive/summer1997art2.pdf.
16. In the NCS, the term "civilian" refers to the civilian economy, which includes both private industry and state and local government. Excluded from private industry are the self-employed and farm and private household workers. Federal government workers are excluded from the public sector. Th e private industry series and the state and local government series provide data for the two sectors separately
17. By the relative standard error, the diff erence is not statistically signifi cant.
18. National Compensation Survey: Employee Benefi ts in the United States, March 2012, bulletin 2773, (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, September 2012), http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/benefi ts/2012/home.htm.
19. See Lettau, Lowenstein, and Cushner, "Explaining Diff erential Growth Rates of the ECI and ECEC."
20. State and local government establishments include school teachers who may not receive paid vacation days because of their work schedule
21. See Richard Schumann, "Work Schedules in the National Compensation Survey," Compensation and Working Conditions Online (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, July 2008), http://www.bls.gov/ opub/cwc/cm20080722ar01p1.htm.
22. See "U.S. Business Cycle Expansions and Contractions" (National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010), http://www.nber.org/ cycles/cyclesmain.html.
23. See Lettau, Lowenstein, and Cushner, "Explaining Diff erential Growth Rates of the ECI and ECEC."
24. See Foster, "Union-nonunion Wage Diff erences, 1997."