Physical layer monitoring techniques for TDM-passive optical networks: A survey

IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 943-958

  Esmail, Maged Abdullah ^a   Fathallah, Habib ^a  

^a KING SAUD UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

fault detection; fault location; FTTH; monitoring; next generation access; OTDR; physical layer; PON

Indexed keywords

FTTH; NEXT-GENERATION ACCESS; OTDR; PHYSICAL LAYERS; PON;

ELECTRIC FAULT LOCATION; FAULT DETECTION; MONITORING; NETWORK ARCHITECTURE; NETWORK LAYERS; OPTICAL FIBERS; SURVEYS;

PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORKS;

EID: 84877577310     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1553877X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/SURV.2012.060912.00057     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. R. Gaudino, D. Cardenas, M. Bellec, B. Charbonnier, N. Evanno, and P. Guignard, "Perspective in next-generation home networks: Toward optical solutions, " IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 39-47, Jan. 2010.
2. B. Batagelj, "FTTH networks deployment in Slovenia, " in Proc. International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), Azores, 2009, pp. 1-4.
3. I. Heard, "Availability and cost estimation of secured FTTH architectures, " in Proc. International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM), Vilanova i la Geltru, March, 2008, pp. 1-6.
4. K. Yuksel, V. Moeyaert, M. Wuilpart, and P. Megret, "Optical layer monitoring in Passive Optical Networking (PONs): A review, " in Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, vol. 1, Athens, 2008, pp. 92-98.
5. "FTTX 2011 Markets and Trends, Facts and Figures, " IDATE, France, White Paper 2011.
6. M. Tsubokawa and K. Kumozaki, "Evolution of Next Generation Access, " in Proc. IEEE Globecom, New Orleans, LO, Dec., 2008, pp. 1-3.
7. E. Harstead, "Future bandwidth demand favors TDM PON, not WDM PON, " in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers(OFC/NFOEC), Los Angeles, CA, March, 2011, pp. 1-3.
8. R. Davey and D. Payne, "The future of optical transmission in access and metro networksan operators view, " in Proc. 31st European Conference on Optical Communication, vol. 5, 2005, pp. 53-56.
9. G. Talli, C. Chow, E. MacHale, and P. Townsend, "High split ratio 116 km reach hybrid DWDM-TDM 10Gb/s PON employing R-ONUs, " in Proc. European Conference on Optical Communication, Cannes, France, Sep., 2006, pp. 1-3.
10. G. Keiser, FTTX Concepts and Applications. New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
11. M. Rad, K. Fouli, H. Fathallah, L. Rusch, and M. Maier, "Passive Optical Network Monitoring: Challenges and Requirements, " IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 2, no. 49, pp. S45-S52, Feb. 2011.
12. "Characteristics of a single-mode optical fibre and cable", ITU-T G.652, 2009.
13. M. Ab-Rahman, N. Chuan, M. Safnal, and K. Jumari, "The overview of fiber fault localization technology in TDM-PON network, " in Proc. International Conference on Electronic Design, Penang, Feb. 2009, pp. 1-8.
14. S. Verbrugge, K. Casier, B. Lannoo, J. Ooteghem, R. Meersman, D. Colle, and P. Demeester, "FTTH deployment and its impact on network maintenance and repair costs, "in Proc. 10th Anniversary on Transparent Optical Networks, vol. 3, Athens, Jun., 2008, pp. 2-5.
15. M. Rad, H. Fathallah, and L. Rusch, "Fiber Fault PON Monitoring Using Optical Coding: Effects of Customer Geographic Distribution, "IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 1172-1181, April 2010.
16. B. Masson, "Ensuring the Availability and Reliability of dark-Fiber Networks, " EXFO Electro-Optical Engineering Inc, Canada, Application note Appnote084.2AN, 2005.
17. J. Kani, F Bourgart, A. Cui, A. Rafel, and S. Rodrigues, "Next-Generation PONPart I: Technology Roadmap and General Requirements, " IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 43-49, Nov 2009.
18. H. Tanaka, T. Iwata, T. Kaiden, T. Nenoi, and H. Izumita, "Damage to optical networks by wildlife and methods for protecting existing optical fiber cables in the FTTH era, " in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, Anaheim, CA, March, 2007, pp. 1-3.
19. A. Willner, and Z. Pan, "Optical Characterization, Diagnosis, and Performance Monitoring for PON, " in Passive Optical Networks: Principles and Practice. USA: Academic Press, 2007, ch. 7, pp. 368.
20. K. Yuksel, S. Letheux, A. Grillet, M. Wuilpart, D. Giannone, J. Hancq, G. Ravet, and P. Megret, "Centralised Optical Monitoring of Tree-structured PONs using a Raman-assisted OTDR, " in Proc. International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, vol. 1, Rome, Aug., 2007, pp. 175-178.
21. F Effenberger, D. Clearly, O. Haran, G. Kramer, R. Li, and M. Oron, "An introduction to PON technologies, " IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 45, no. 3, pp. S17-S25, March 2007.
22. M. Arii, Y.Azuma, Y. Enomoto, K. Suzuki, N. Araki, S. Uruno, and T. Watanabe, "Optical Fiber Network Operation Technologies for Expanding Optical Access Network Services, " NTT Technical Review, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 32-38, Feb. 2007.
23. FiMO:Fiber Monitoring System. (2010, Dec.) FujiKura. [Online] http://www.fujikura.co.jp/eng/products/tele/tele-catalog/data/FutureAc cess-catalog2010-50-55.pdf
24. JDSU. (2011, March) http://www.jdsu.com/en-us/Test-and-Measurement/ Products/a-z-product-list/Pages/otu-8000.aspx.
25. M. Wuilpar, K. Yuksel, D. Giannone, G. Ravet, and P. Megret, "Dynamics enhancement of OTDR-based monitoring systems for passive optical networks, " IEEE Laser and Electro-Optics Society Symposium-Benelux Chapter, pp. 167-170, 2007.
26. M. Simard, "OTDR PON Testing: The ChallengesThe solution, " EXFO Electro-Optical Engineering Inc., Canada, Apllication note APP-NOTE201.1AN, 2009.
27. "Maintenance & Troubleshooting of a PON Network with an OTDR, " JDS Uniphase Corporation, Application note January 2010.
28. Y. Chen and S. Chi, "Fault-locating and supervisory technique for multistaged branched optical networks, " IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 876-879, July 1994.
29. M. Ab-Rahman, B. Ng, A. Premadi, and K. Jumari, "Transmission surveillance and self-restoration against fibre fault for time division multiplexing using passive optical network, " IET Communication, vol. 3, no. 12, pp. 1896-1906, April 2009.
30. N. Chuan, A. Premadi, M. Ab-Rahman, and K. Jumari, "Physical layer monitoring in 8-branched PON-based i-FTTH, " in Proc. nternational Conference on Photonics (ICP), July, 2010.
31. P. Urban and S. Dahlfort, "Cost-Efficient Remote PON Monitoring Based on OTDR Measurement and OTM Functionality, " in Proc. 13th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), Stockholm, Sweden, June, 2011, pp. 1-4.
32. J. Lee, K. Choi, J. Moon, and C. Lee, "A remotely reconfigurable PON architecture for efficient maintenance and protection, " in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conference, San Diego, May, 2009, pp. 1-3.
33. Y. Enomoto, H. Izumita, and M. Nakamura, "Over 31.5 dB dynamic range optical fiber testing system with optical fiber fault isolation function for 32-branched PON, " in Proc. Optical Fiber Communications Conference, vol. 2, Atlanta, March, 2003, pp. 608-610.
34. F. Caviglia, and V. Biase, "Optical maintenance in PONs, " in Proc. European Conference on Optical Communication, Madrid, Sep, 1998, pp. 621-625.
35. J. Ponchon, "Automated End-to-End PON Fiber Test, " JDS Uniphase Corporation, White paper June, 2009.
36. J. Cohen and L. Winter, "Optical communication network with passive monitoring, " U.S Patent, no. 5285305, Feb. 02, 1994.
37. K. Ozawa, J. Hanai, A. Ban, T. Naitou, and K. Shimoura, "Field trial of in-service individual line monitoring of PONs using a tunable OTDR, " in Prceedings of 14th International Conference on Optical fiber Sensors, Venice, 2000, pp. 880-883.
38. N. Honda, H. Izumita, and M. Nakamura, "Spectral Filtering Criteria for U-Band Test Light for In-Service Line Monitoring in Optical Fibre Networks, " Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 24, no. 6., pp. 2328-2335, June 2006.
39. ITU-T Recommendation L.66, "Optical fibre cable maintenance criteria for in-service fibre testing in access networks, " May, 2007.
40. N. Honda, D. Iida, H. Izumita, and Y. Azuma, "In-Service Live Monitoring System in PONs Using 1650-nm Brillouin OTDR and Fibers With Individually Assigned BFSs, " J. Lightwave Technology, vol. 27, no. 20, pp. 4575-4582, Oct. 2009.
41. D. Iida, N. Honda, H. Izumita, and F. Ito, "Design of Identification Fibers With Individually Assigned Brillouin Frequency Shifts for Monitoring Passive Optical Networks, " J. Lightwave Technology, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 1290-1297, May 2007.
42. D. Iida, H. Izumita, and F. Ito N. Honda, "Bending and connection loss measurement of PON branching fibers with individually assigned Brillouin frequency shifts, " in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conference and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC), March, 2006, pp. 1-3.
43. B. De Mulder, W. Chen, J. Bauwelinck, J. Vandewege, and X. Qiu, "Nonintrusive fiber monitoring of TDM optical networks, " IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 305-317, Jan. 2007.
44. W. Chen, B. De Mulder, J. Vandewege, X. Qiu, J. Bauwelinck, and B. Baekelandt, "A Novel Technique for Low-Cost Embedded Non-intrusive Fiber Monitoring of P2MP Optical Access Networks, " in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC), March, 2007, pp. 1-3.
45. J. Hehmann and T. Pfeiffer, "New Monitoring Concepts for Optical Access Networks, " Bell Labs Technical J., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 183-198, May 2008.
46. H. Schmuck, J. Hehmann, M. Straub, and Th. Pfeiffer, "Embedded OTDR techniques for cost-efficient fibre monitoring in optical access networks, " in Proc. European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC), Sep., 2006, pp. 1-2.
47. J. Vandewege, X. Qiu, W. Chen, B. Mulder, J. Bauwelinck, and B. Baekelandt, "Low-Cost Non-intrusive Fiber Monitoring in a PON Last Drop, " in Proc. 33rd European Conference and Ehxibition of Optical Communication (ECOC), Sep., 2007, pp. 1-2.
48. K. Yuksel, M. Wuilpart, V. Moeyaert, and P. Megret, "Optical frequency domain reflectometry: A review, " in Proc. 11th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON '09), Azores, July, 2009, pp. 1-5.
49. N. Zou, Y. Namihira, C. Ndiaye, and H. Ito, "Fault location for branched optical fiber networks based on OFDR technique using FSF laser as light source, " in Proceddings of Optical Fiber Communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC), Anaheim, CA, March, 2007, pp. 1-3.
50. F. Effenberger and S. Meng, "In-band optical frequency domain re-flectometry in PONs, " in Proc. Optical Fiber communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, OFC/NFOEC, San Diego, CA, May, 2008, pp. 1-3.
51. K. Yuksel, M. Wuilpart, V. Moeyaert, and P. Megret, "Novel Monitoring Technique for Passive Optical Networks Based on Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry and Fiber Bragg Gratings, " Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 463-468, July 2010.
52. H. Fathallah and L. Rusch, "Code-division multiplexing for in-service out-of-band monitoring of live FTTH-PONs, " Journal of Optical Networks, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 819-827, Jul. 2007.
53. M. Rad, H. Fathallah, and L. Rusch, "Performance Analysis of Fiber Fault PON Monitoring Using Optical Coding: SNR, SNIR and False-Alarm Probability, " IEEE Trans. Commun.s, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 1182-1192, April 2010.
54. H. Fathallah, M. Rad, and L. Rusch, "PON Monitoring: Periodic Encoders With Low Capital and Operational Cost, " IEEE Photonic Technology letters, vol. 20, no. 24, pp. 2039-2041, Dec. 2008.
55. M. Esmail and H. Fathallah, "Novel Coding for PON Fault Identification, " IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 677-679, June 2011.
56. M. Rad, H. Fathallah, S. LaRochelle, and L. Rusch, "Experimental Validation of Periodic Codes for PON Monitoring, " in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, Honolulu, HI, 2009, pp. 1-7.
57. M. Rad, J. Penon, H. Fathallah, S. LaRochelle, and L. Rusch, "Probing the Limits of PON Monitoring Using Periodic Coding Technology, " Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1375, May 2011.
58. M. Rad, H. Fathallah, and L. Rusch, "Fiber Fault Monitoring for Passive Optical Networks Using Hybrid 1-D/2-D Coding, " IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 20, no. 24, pp. 1041-1135, Dec. 2008.
59. M. Rad, H. Fathallah, M. Maier, L. Rusch, and M. Uysal, "A Novel Pulse-Positioned Coding Scheme for Fiber Fault Monitoring of a PON, " IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 1007-1009, Sep. 2011.
60. M. Thollabandi, H. Bang, K. Shim, S. Hann, and C. Park, "An optical surveillance technique based on cavity mode analysis of SL-RSOA for GPON, " Optical Fiber Technology, vol. 15, no. 5-6, pp. 451-455, October-December 2009.
61. S. ko, S. Lin, and U. Huang, "A fiber fault monitoring design for PON system using reflective signal, " in Proc. 16th Opto-Electronics And Communications Conference (OECC), Kaohsiung, Taiwan, July, 2011, pp. 555-556.
62. M. Maier, Optical Switching Networks, 1st ed. New York, USA: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
63. G. Talli, C. Chow, P. Townsend, R. Davey, T. Ridder, X. Qiu, P. Ossieur, H. Krimmel, D. Smith, I. Lealman, A. Poustie, S. Randel, and H. Rohde, "Integrated Metro and Access Network: PIEMAN, " in 12th European Conference on Networks and Optical Communication, Kista, Sweden, June, 2007.
64. J. Lazaro, J. Prat, P. Chanclou, G. Beleffi, A. Teixeira, I. Tomkos, R. Soila, and V. Koratzinos, "Scalable Extended Reach PON, " in Proc. Optical Fiber communication/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference OFC/NFOEC 2008, San Diego, CA, Feb. 2008.
65. K. Fouli, L. Chen, M. Maier, "Time-, wavelength-, and code-domain optical reflection monitoring for next-generation access-metro networks, " Computer Communications, vol. 8, no. 34, pp. 1011-1021, June 2011.
66. K. Fouli, R. Chen, and M. Maier, "Optical reflection monitoring for next-generation long-reach Passive Optical Networks, " in Proc. LEOS Annual Meeting Conference, Belek-Antalya, 2009, pp. 551-552.
67. M. A. Esmail and H. Fathallah, "Long-reach PON management and protection system based on optical coding, " in Proc. Saudi International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Photonics (SIECPC), Riyadh, April, 2011, pp. 1-4.
68. K. Fouli, M. Maier, and H. Mouftah, "Optical Code Reflection Monitoring for Improved Resilience in Next-Generation Carrier-Grade Ethernet Access-Metro Networks, " in Proc. Photonics North Conference, Jan., 2009.
69. J. Santos, J. Pedro, P. Monteiro, and J. Pires, "Long-Reach 10 Gbps Ethernet Passive Optical Network based on a Protected Ring Architecture, " in OFC/NFOEC, San Diego, 2008.
70. H. Song, D. Seol, and B. Kim, "Hardware-accelerated protection in Long-Reach PON, " in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication (OFC), San Diego, CA, 2009.
71. E. Jung and S. Lee D. Seol, "Passive protection in a long-reach WDM/TDM-PON, " in Proc. 9th International Conference on Optical Internet (COIN), 2010, Jeju, 2010, pp. 1-3.
72. D. Seol, E. Jung, and B. Kim, "A simple passive protection structure in a ring-type hybrid WDM/TDM-PON, " in Proc. 11th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, Phoenix Park, Feb., 2009, pp. 447-449.