Heterogeneity and changes in inequality of malaria risk after introduction of insecticide-treated bed nets in Macha, Zambia

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Volumn 88, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 710-717

  Norris, Laura C ^a   Norris, Douglas E ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANOPHELES ARABIENSIS; ARTICLE; BED NET; DNA DETERMINATION; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; INFECTION RISK; INSECT BITE; MALARIA; MALE; ZAMBIA;

ALLELES; ANIMALS; ANOPHELES; FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; GENOME, HUMAN; GENOTYPING TECHNIQUES; HUMANS; INSECT BITES AND STINGS; INSECT VECTORS; INSECTICIDE-TREATED BEDNETS; MALARIA; MALE; MICROSATELLITE REPEATS; MOSQUITO CONTROL; POPULATION DENSITY; RISK FACTORS; SEASONS; SEX FACTORS; ZAMBIA;

EID: 84877156571     PISSN: 00029637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.11-0595     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Larkin GL, Thuma PE, 1991. Congenital malaria in a hyperendemic area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 45: 587-592.
2. Kent RJ, Thuma PE, Mharakurwa S, Norris DE, 2007. Seasonality, blood feeding behavior, and transmission of Plasmodium falciparum by Anopheles arabiensis after an extended drought in southern Zambia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 267-274. (Pubitemid 351627772)
3. Norris LC, Fornadel CM, Hung WC, Pineda FJ, Norris DE, 2010. Frequency of multiple blood meals taken in a single gonotrophic cycle by Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes in Macha, Zambia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 33-37.
4. Scott TW, Githeko AK, Fleisher A, Harrington LC, Yan G, 2006. DNA profiling of human blood in anophelines from lowland and highland sites in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 231-237. (Pubitemid 46941336)
5. Koella JC, Sorensen FL, Anderson RA, 1998. The malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, increases the frequency of multiple feeding of its mosquito vector, Anopheles gambiae. Proc Biol Sci 265: 763-768. (Pubitemid 28221315)
6. Fornadel CM, Norris LC, Glass GE, Norris DE, 2010. Analysis of Anopheles arabiensis blood feeding behavior in southern Zambia during the two years after introduction of insecticide-treated bed nets. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 848-853.
7. Fornadel CM, Norris LC, Norris DE, 2010. Centers for Disease Control light traps for monitoring Anopheles arabiensis human biting rates in an area with low vector density and high insecticide-treated bed net use. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 838-842.
8. Dye C, Hasibeder G, 1986. Population dynamics of mosquito-borne disease: effects of flies which bite some people more frequently than others. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 80: 69-77.
9. Woolhouse ME, Dye C, Etard JF, Smith T, Charlwood JD, Garnett GP, Hagan P, Hii JL, Ndhlovu PD, Quinnell RJ, Watts CH, Chandiwana SK, Anderson RM, 1997. Heterogeneities in the transmission of infectious agents: implications for the design of control programs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 338-342. (Pubitemid 27027211)
10. Smith DL, McKenzie FE, Snow RW, Hay SI, 2007. Revisiting the basic reproductive number for malaria and its implications for malaria control. PLoS Biol 5: e42.
11. Lindsay SW, Adiamah JH, Miller JE, Pleass RJ, Armstrong JR, 1993. Variation in attractiveness of human subjects to malaria mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in The Gambia. J Med Entomol 30: 368-373.
12. Port GR, Boreham PFL, Bryan JH, 1980. The relationship of host size to feeding by mosquitoes of the Anophele gambiae Giles complex (Diptera: Culicidae). Bull Entomol Res 70: 133-144.
13. Smith T, Charlwood JD, Takken W, Tanner M, Spiegelhalter DJ, 1995. Mapping the densities of malaria vectors within a single village. Acta Trop 59: 1-18.
14. Port GR, Boreham PF, 1982. The effect of bed nets on feeding by Anopheles gambiae Giles (Diptera: Culicidae). Bull Entomol Res 72: 483-488.
15. Moss WJ, Hamapumbu H, Kobayashi T, Shields T, Kamanga A, Clennon J, Mharakurwa S, Thuma PE, Glass G, 2011. Use of remote sensing to identify spatial risk factors for malaria in a region of declining transmission: a cross-sectional and longitudinal community survey. Malar J 10: 163.
16. Coetzee M, Craig M, le Sueur D, 2000. Distribution of African malaria mosquitoes belonging to the Anopheles gambiae complex. Parasitol Today 16: 74-77. (Pubitemid 30089100)
17. Sudia WD, Chamberlain RW, 1988. Battery-operated light trap, an improved model. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 4: 536-538.
18. Beier JC, 2002. Vector incrimination and entomological inoculation rates. Methods Mol Med 72: 3-11.
19. Gillies M, Coetzee M, 1987. A Supplement to the Anophelinae of Africa South of the Sahara. Johannesburg: South African Institute for Medical Research.
20. Gillies MT, DeMeillon B, 1968. The Anophelinae South of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoological Region). Johannesburg: South African Institute for Medical Research.
21. Kent RJ, Norris DE, 2005. Identification of mammalian blood meals in mosquitoes by a multiplexed polymerase chain reaction targeting cytochrome B. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 336-342. (Pubitemid 41278709)
22. Scott JA, Brogdon WG, Collins FH, 1993. Identification of single specimens of the Anopheles gambiae complex by the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49: 520-529. (Pubitemid 23320089)
23. Fornadel CM, Norris LC, Franco V, Norris DE, 2011. Unexpected anthropophily in the potential secondary malaria vectors Anopheles coustani s.l. and Anopheles squamosus in Macha, Zambia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 11: 1173-1179.
24. Fornadel CM, Norris DE, 2008. Increased endophily by the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis in southern Zambia and identification of digested blood meals. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 876-880.
25. NIST, 2009. Overview of STR Fact Sheets. Gaithersburg, MD: Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology.
26. Mannucci A, Sullivan KM, Ivanov PL, Gill P, 1994. Forensic application of a rapid and quantitative DNA sex test by amplification of the X-Y homologous gene amelogenin. Int J Legal Med 106: 190-193. (Pubitemid 24113847)
27. Drobnic K, 2006. A new primer set in a SRY gene for sex identification. Int Congr Ser 1288: 268-270. (Pubitemid 43589757)
28. Whitehouse E, 1995. sg30: Measures of Inequality in STATA. STB Reprints 4. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.
29. StataCorp LP, 2009. Stata Statistical Software: Release 11. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.
30. Newson R, 2006. Confidence intervals for rank statistics: Somers' D and extensions. The Stata Journal 6: 309-334. (Pubitemid 44505049)
31. Clennon JA, Kamanga A, Musapa M, Shiff C, Glass GE, 2010. Identifying malaria vector breeding habitats with remote sensing data and terrain-based landscape indices in Zambia. Int J Health Geogr 9: 58.
32. Baddeley A, Turner R, 2005. Spatstat: an R package for analyzing spatial point patterns. J Stat Softw 12: 1-42. (Pubitemid 40218000)
33. 2011. R:ALanguage and Environment for Statistical Computing. Team RDC, ed. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
34. Kulldorff M, 2009. SaTScan: Software for the Spatial and Space-Time Scan Statistics . Available at: http://www.satscan.org/cgibin/satscan/register.pl/ Current%20Version:%20SaTScan%20v9.1.1%20released%20March%209%202011.?todo= process-userguide-download.
35. Kulldorff M, 1997. A spatial scan statistic. Comm Statist Theory Methods 26: 1481-1496. (Pubitemid 127447921)
36. Kulldorff M, Huang L, Pickle L, Duczmal L, 2006. An elliptic spatial scan statistic. Stat Med 25: 3929-3943. (Pubitemid 44718180)
37. Norris LC, Norris DE, 2011. Efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets in use in Macha, Zambia, against the local Anopheles arabiensis population. Malar J 10: 254.