Impact of water-vending kiosks and hygiene education on household drinking water quality in rural Ghana

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Volumn 88, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 651-660

  Opryszko, Melissa C ^a   Guo, Yayi ^a   MacDonald, Luke ^a   MacDonald, Laura ^b   Kiihl, Samara ^a   Schwab, Kellogg J ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b Johns Hopkins University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DRINKING WATER; SURFACE WATER;

ARTICLE; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FILTRATION; GHANA; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; HYGIENE; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; WATER CONTAMINATION; WATER QUALITY; WATER SAMPLING; WATER TRANSPORT; WATER TREATMENT;

EID: 84877130404     PISSN: 00029637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0065     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. United Nations, 2009. The Millennium Development Goals Report. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, New York. Available at: www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/MDG-Report-209-ENG.pdf. Accessed January 23, 2012.
2. Pruss-Ustun A, Bos R, Gore F, Bartram J, 2008. Safe Water, Better Health: Costs, Benefits and Sustainability of Interventions to Protect and Promote Health. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/ water-sanitation-health/publications/safer-water/en/. Accessed January 23, 2012.
3. Boschi-Pinto C, Velebit L, Shibuya K, 2008. Estimating child mortality due to diarrhoea in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ 86: 710-717.
4. WHO, 2010. Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-Water: 2010 Update. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/water- sanitation-health/publications/9789241563956/en/index.html. Accessed January 23, 2012.
5. Solo TM, 2003. Independent Water Entrepreneurs in Latin America: The Other Private Sector in Water Services.Washington, DC: The World Bank. Available at: http://water.worldbank.org/water/publications/independent-water- entrepreneurs-latin-america-other-private-sector-water-services. Accessed January 23, 2012.
6. McGranahan G, Njiru C, Abu M, Smith M, Mitlin D, 2006. How Small Water Enterprises Can Contribute to the Millennium Development Goals: Evidence from Dar es Salaam, Nairobi, Khartoum and Accra - IIED Publications Database. Available at: http://pubs.iied.org/G00503.html. Accessed November 9, 2011.
7. Opryszko MC, Huang H, Soderlund K, Schwab KJ, 2009. Data gaps in evidence-based research on small water enterprises in developing countries. J Water Health 07: 609-622.
8. Sansom K, 2006. Government engagement with non-state providers of water and sanitation services. Public Adm Dev 26: 207-217. (Pubitemid 44251618)
9. Solo TM, 1998. Competition in Water and Sanitation: The Role of Small-Scale Entrepreneurs. The World Bank Public Policy for the Private Sector. Washington, DC: The World Bank. Available at: rru.worldbank.org/documents/ publicpolicyjournal/165solo.pdf. Accessed January 23, 2012.
10. Thompson J, 2000. Waiting at the tap: changes in urban water use in East Africa over three decades. Environ Urban 12: 37-52.
11. Solo TM, 1999. Small-scale entrepreneurs in the urban water and sanitation market. Environ Urban 11: 117-132. (Pubitemid 29338031)
12. Whittington D, Lauria DT, Mu X, 1991. A study of water vending and willingness to pay for water in Onitsha, Nigeria. World Dev 19: 179-198.
13. Komives K, Whittington D, Wu X, 2001. Infrastructure Coverage and the Poor: A Global Perspective. Policy Research Working Paper 2551, World Bank Publications. Available at: http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id= OP7AUapEn4UC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq= %22of+all+these+infrastructure+services+rises,+but+at+different+rates. +The+findings%22+&ots=JuFuvzZ9ka&sig=BZ3e4wJqbcBaT0C9Lg4TRbfKn8U. Accessed August 19, 2012.
14. Whittington D, Hanemann WM, Sadoff C, Jeuland M, 2008. The challenge of improving water and sanitation services in less developed countries. Foundations Trends Microecon 4: 469-609.
15. Government of Ghana, 2009. Ghana Water and Sanitation Sector Performance Report 2009. Accra, Ghana: Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing. Available at: wsmp.org/downloads/4d8ca15ec1a12.pdf. Accessed January 23, 2012.
16. Ghana Statistical Service and ICF Macro, 2009. Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2008. Calverton, MD: Ghana Health Service and IFC Macro. Available at: www.measuredhs.dom/pubs/pdf/FR221/FR221.pdf. Accessed January 23, 2012.
17. WHO, 2010. Ghana: Fact Sheet of Health Statistics . Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.afro.who.int/en/ghana/who-country-office- ghana.html. Accessed January 23, 2012.
18. Nsowah-Nuamah N, Mensah G, Aryeetey ME, Wagatsuma Y, Bentil G, 2001. Urinary schistosomiasis in southern Ghana: a logistic regression approach to data from a community-based integrated control program. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 484.
19. WHO, 1985. The Control of Schistosomiasis. World Health Organization Technical Report Series 728. Available at: whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO-TRS-728. pdf. Accessed on January 23, 2012.
20. Kwakye-Nuako G, Borketey P, Mensah-Attipoe I, Asmah R, Ayeh-Kumi P, 2010. Sachet drinking water in Accra: the potential threats of transmission of enteric pathogenic protozoan organisms. Ghana Med J 41: 62-67.
21. Obiri-Danso K, Okore-Hanson A, Jones K, 2003. The microbiological quality of drinking water sold on the streets in Kumasi, Ghana. Lett Appl Microbiol 37: 334-339. (Pubitemid 37186628)
22. Nana Asamoah D, Amorin R, 2011. Assessment of the quality of bottled/sachet water in the Tarkwa-Nsuaem Municipality (TM) of Ghana. Res J Appl Sci Eng Technol 3: 377-385.
23. WaterHealth International, 2011. WaterHealth International.Available at: http://www.waterhealth.com/.Accessed January 23, 2012.
24. Alcorn TE, Opryszko MC, Schwab KJ, 2011. Formative ethnographic research to improve evaluation of a novel water system in Ghana. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 801-805.
25. WHO, 2011. Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, 4th Ed. Geneva: World Health Organization.
26. Liang K, Zeger S, 1986. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 73: 13-22.
27. Zeger SL, Liang KY, 1986. Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes. Biometrics 42: 121-130.
28. Hubbard AE, Ahern J, Fleischer NL, Van der Laan M, Lippman SA, Jewell N, Bruckner T, Satariano WA, 2010. To GEE or not to GEE. Epidemiology 21: 467-474.
29. Vyas S, Kumaranayake L, 2006. Constructing socio-economic status indices: how to use principal components analysis. Health Policy Plan 21: 459-468. (Pubitemid 44627319)
30. Wright J, Gundry S, Conroy R, 2004. Household drinking water in developing countries: a systematic review of microbiological contamination between source and point-of-use. Trop Med Int Health 9: 106-117. (Pubitemid 38178019)
31. Roberts L, Chartier Y, Chartier O, Malenga G, Toole M, Rodka H, 2001. Keeping clean water clean in a Malawi refugee camp: a randomized intervention trial. Bull World Health Organ 79: 280-287. (Pubitemid 32303721)
32. Trevett AF, Carter RC, Tyrrel SF, 2004. Water quality deterioration: a study of household drinking water quality in rural Honduras. Int J Environ Health Res 14: 273-283. (Pubitemid 38980463)
33. UNICEF/WES, USAID, WorldBank/WSP, WSSCC, 2004. The Hygiene Improvement Framework: A Comprehensive Approach for Preventing Childhood Diarrhea. Washington, DC: Environmental Health Project, USAID. Available at: www.ehproject.org/PDF/Joint-Publications/JP008-HIF.pdf. Accessed January 23, 2012.
34. Esrey SA, Feachem RG, Hughes JM, 1985. Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children: improving water supplies and excreta disposal facilities. Bull World Health Organ 63: 757-772. (Pubitemid 16214161)
35. US Environmental Protection Agency, 1998. Toxicological Review of Naphthalene (CAS No. 91-20-3) in Support of Summary Information on the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Cincinnati, OH: National Center for Environmental Assessment. Available at: www.epa.gov/iris/toxreviews/0436tr.pdf. Accessed January 23, 2012.
36. Blum D, Feachem R, 1983. Measuring the impact of water supply and sanitation investments on diarrheal diseases: problems of methodology. Int J Epidemiol 12: 357-365.