Apathy in Parkinson's disease: More than just executive dysfunction

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society

Volumn 19, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 571-582

  Martínez Horta, Saül ^a,b   Pagonabarraga, Javier ^a,b   Fernández De Bobadilla, Ramón ^a,b   García Sanchez, Carmen ^a   Kulisevsky, Jaime ^a,b,c  

^a UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA   (Spain)

^b BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE SANT PAU IIB SANT PAU   (Spain)

^c CIBERNED Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas   (Spain)

Author keywords

Apathy; Cognition; Cognitive impairment; Executive dysfunction; Parkinson's disease; Reward

Indexed keywords

EID: 84877104394     PISSN: 13556177     EISSN: 14697661     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1355617713000131     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Aarsland, D., Bronnick, K., Alves, G., Tysnes, O.B., Pedersen, K.F., Ehrt, U., & Larsen, J.P. (2009). The spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with early untreated Parkinson's disease. 2008. 166959 Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 80(8), 928-930. doi:80/8/928 [pii] 10.1136/jnnp.2008.166959
2. Aarsland, D., Muniz, G., & Matthews, F. (2011). Nonlinear decline of mini-mental state examination in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders, 26, 334-337. doi:10.1002/mds.23416
3. Aarts, E., Helmich, R.C., Janssen, M.J., Oyen, W.J., Bloem, B.R., & Cools, R. (2012). Aberrant reward processing in Parkinson's disease is associated with dopamine cell loss. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. Neuroimage, 59(4), 3339-3346. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.073
4. Anderson, E., & Nutt, J. (2011). The long-duration response to levodopa: Phenomenology, potential mechanisms and clinical implications. [Review]. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, 17(8), 587-592. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.03.014
5. Ashendorf, L., Constantinou, M., & McCaffrey, R.J. (2004). The effect of depression and anxiety on the TOMM in communitydwelling older adults. [Evaluation Studies]. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19(1), 125-130.
6. Bauer, L., O'Bryant, S.E., Lynch, J.K., McCaffrey, R.J., & Fisher, J.M. (2007). Examining the Test Of Memory Malingering Trial 1 and Word Memory Test Immediate recognition as screening tools for insufficient effort. [Validation Studies]. Assessment, 14(3), 215-222. doi:10.1177/1073191106297617
7. Bechara, A., Damasio, A.R., Damasio, H., & Anderson, S.W. (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.]. Cognition, 50(1-3), 7-15.
8. Bechara, A., Tranel, D., & Damasio, H. (2000). Characterization of the decision-making deficit of patients with ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions. Brain, 123(Pt 11), 2189-2202.
9. Braak, H., Bohl, J.R., Muller, C.M., Rub, U., de Vos, R.A., & Del Tredici, K. (2006). Stanley Fahn Lecture 2005: The staging procedure for the inclusion body pathology associated with sporadic Parkinson's disease reconsidered. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review]. Movement Disorders, 21(12), 2042-2051. doi:10.1002/mds.21065
10. Braak, H., Muller, C.M., Rub, U., Ackermann, H., Bratzke, H., de Vos, R.A., & Del Tredici, K. (2006). Pathology associated with sporadic Parkinson's disease-where does it end? Journal of Neural Transmission. Supplementum, 70, 89-97.
11. Brand, M., Kalbe, E., Labudda, K., Fujiwara, E., Kessler, J., & Markowitsch, H.J. (2005). Decision-making impairments in patients with pathological gambling. Psychiatry Research, 133(1), 91-99. doi:10.1016/j. psychres.2004.10.003
12. Burke, C.J., Tobler, P.N., Schultz, W., & Baddeley, M. (2010). Striatal BOLD response reflects the impact of herd information on financial decisions. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 4, 48. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2010.00048
13. Cools, R., Altamirano, L., & D'Esposito, M. (2006). Reversal learning in Parkinson's disease depends on medication status and outcome valence. [Comparative Study Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.]. Neuropsychologia, 44(10), 1663-1673. doi:10.1016/j. neuropsychologia.
14. Cools, R., Stefanova, E., Barker, R.A., Robbins, T.W., & Owen, A.M. (2002). Dopaminergic modulation of high-level cognition in Parkinson's disease: The role of the prefrontal cortex revealed by PET. Brain, 125(Pt 3), 584-594.
15. Cummings, J.L. (1993). Frontal-subcortical circuits and human behavior. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Review]. Archives of Neurology, 50(8), 873-880.
16. Cummings, J.L. (1998). Frontal-subcortical circuits and human behavior. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 44(6), 627-628.
17. da Rocha, F.F., Alvarenga, N.B., Malloy-Diniz, L., & Correa, H. (2011). Decision-making impairment in obsessive-compulsive disorder as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 69(4), 642-647.
18. Daniel, S.E., & Lees, A.J. (1993). Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank, London: Overview and research. Journal of Neural Transmission. Supplementum, 39, 165-172.
19. Dujardin, K., Sockeel, P., Delliaux, M., Destee, A., & Defebvre, L. (2009). Apathy may herald cognitive decline and dementia in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders, 24(16), 2391-2397. doi:10.1002/mds.22843
20. Dujardin, K., Sockeel, P., Devos, D., Delliaux, M., Krystkowiak, P., Destee, A., & Defebvre, L. (2007). Characteristics of apathy in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders, 22(6), 778-784. doi:10.1002/mds.21316.
21. Emre, M., Aarsland, D., Brown, R., Burn, D.J., Duyckaerts, C., Mizuno, Y., y Dubois, B. (2007). Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders, 22, 1689-1707.
22. Euteneuer, F., Schaefer, F., Stuermer, R., Boucsein, W., Timmermann, L., Barbe, M.T., & Kalbe, E. (2009). Dissociation of decision-making under ambiguity and decision-making under risk in patients with Parkinson's disease: A neuropsychological and psychophysiological study. [Controlled Clinical Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. Neuropsychologia, 47(13), 2882-2890. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.06.014
23. Folstein, M.F., Folstein, S.E., & McHugh, P.R. (1975). ''Mini-mental state''. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189-198. doi:0022-3956(75) 90026-6 [pii]
24. Frank, M.J., Seeberger, L.C., & O'Reilly, R.C. (2004). By carrot or by stick: Cognitive reinforcement learning in parkinsonism. Science, 306(5703), 1940-1943. doi:1102941 [pii] 10.1126/science.1102941
25. Goetz, C.G., Tilley, B.C., Shaftman, S.R., Stebbins, G.T., Fahn, S., Martinez-Martin, P., & LaPelle, N. (2008). Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS): Scale presentation and clinimetric testing results. Movement Disorders, 23(15), 2129-2170. doi:10.1002/mds.22340
26. Gotham, A.M., Brown, R.G., & Marsden, C.D. (1986). Levodopa treatment may benefit or impair ''frontal'' function in Parkinson's disease. Lancet, 2(8513), 970-971. doi:S0140-67 36(86)90617-3 [pii]
27. Grace, J., & Malloy, P.F. (2001). Frontal Systems Behavior Scale. Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
28. Heaton, R. (1981). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Ressources.
29. Hoehn, M.M., & Yahr, M.D. (1967). Parkinsonism: Onset, progression and mortality. Neurology, 17(5), 427-442.
30. Kirsch-Darrow, L., Fernandez, H.H., Marsiske, M., Okun, M.S., & Bowers, D. (2006). Dissociating apathy and depression in Parkinson disease. Neurology, 67(1), 33-38. doi:67/1/33 [pii] 10.1212/01.wnl.0000230572.07791.22
31. Kulisevsky, J., Avila, A., Barbanoj, M., Antonijoan, R., Berthier, M.L., & Gironell, A. (1996). Acute effects of levodopa on neuropsychological performance in stable and fluctuating Parkinson's disease patients at different levodopa plasma levels. Brain, 119(Pt 6), 2121-2132.
32. Lange, R.T., Iverson, G.L., Brooks, B.L., & Rennison, V.L. (2010). Influence of poor effort on self-reported symptoms and neurocognitive test performance following mild traumatic brain injury. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 32(9), 961-972. doi:10.1080/13803391003645657
33. Lawrence, A.D., Goerendt, I.K., & Brooks, D.J. (2011). Apathy blunts neural response to money in Parkinson's disease. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. Social Neuroscience, 6(5-6), 653-662. doi:10.1080/17470919.2011.556821
34. Lees, A.J., & Smith, E. (1983). Cognitive deficits in the early stages of Parkinson's disease. Brain, 106(Pt 2), 257-270.
35. Levy, R., & Dubois, B. (2006). Apathy and the functional anatomy of the prefrontal cortex-basal ganglia circuits. Cerebral Cortex, 16(7), 916-928. doi:bhj043 [pii] 10.1093/cercor/bhj043
36. Llebaria, G., Pagonabarraga, J., Kulisevsky, J., Garcia-Sanchez, C., Pascual-Sedano, B., Gironell, A., & Martinez-Corral, M. (2008). Cut-off score of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale for screening dementia in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders, 23(11), 1546-1550. doi:10.1002/mds.22173
37. Litvan, I., Aarsland, D., Adler, C.H., Goldman, J.G., Kulisevsky, J., Mollenhauer, B.,yWeintraub, D. (2011). MDS Task Force on mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: critical review of PD-MCI. Movement Disorders, 26, 1814-1824. doi:10.1002/mds.23823
38. Macdonald, A.A., Monchi, O., Seergobin, K.N., Ganjavi, H., Tamjeedi, R., & Macdonald, P.A. (2012). Parkinson's disease duration determines effect of dopaminergic therapy on ventral striatum function. Movement Disorders. doi:10.1002/mds.25152 [Epub ahead of print].
39. Marin, R.S. (1991). Apathy: A neuropsychiatric syndrome. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 3(3), 243-254.
40. Martinez-Corral, M., Pagonabarraga, J., Llebaria, G., Pascual-Sedano, B., Garcia-Sanchez, C., Gironell, A., & Kulisevsky, J. (2010). Facial emotion recognition impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease and isolated apathy. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, 2010, 930627. doi:10.4061/2010/930627
41. Masliah, E., Rockenstein, E., Adame, A., Alford, M., Crews, L., Hashimoto, M., & Schenk, D. (2005). Effects of alpha-synuclein immunization in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. [Comparative Study Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.]. Neuron, 46(6), 857-868. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.05.010
42. Morris, J.C. (1993). The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): Current version and scoring rules. Neurology, 43(11), 2412-2414.
43. Mumford, D.B. (1991). Hospital anxiety and depression scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 729.
44. Muslimovic, D., Post, B., Speelman, J.D., & Schmand, B. (2005). Cognitive profile of patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease. Neurology, 65(8), 1239-1245. doi:65/8/1239 [pii] 10.1212/01.wnl.0000180516.69442.95
45. Nagahama, Y., Fukuyama, H., Yamauchi, H., Matsuzaki, S., Konishi, J., Shibasaki, H., & Kimura, J. (1996). Cerebral activation during performance of a card sorting test. Brain, 119(Pt 5), 1667-1675.
46. O'Bryant, S.E., Gavett, B.E., McCaffrey, R.J., O'Jile, J.R., Huerkamp, J.K., Smitherman, T.A., & Humphreys, J.D. (2008). Clinical utility of Trial 1 of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM). [Validation Studies]. Applied Neuropsychology, 15(2), 113-116. doi:10.1080/09084280802083921
47. Pagonabarraga, J., Kulisevsky, J., Llebaria, G., Garcia-Sanchez, C., Pascual-Sedano, B., & Gironell, A. (2008). Parkinson's disease-cognitive rating scale: A new cognitive scale specific for Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders, 23(7), 998-1005. doi:10.1002/mds.22007
48. Pascual-Sedano, B., Kulisevsky, J., Barbanoj, M., Garcia-Sanchez, C., Campolongo, A., Gironell, A., & Gich, I. (2008). Levodopa and executive performance in Parkinson's disease: A randomized study. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 14(5), 832-841. doi:S1355617708081010 [pii] 10.1017/S13556 17708081010
49. Pedersen, K.F., Alves, G., Bronnick, K., Aarsland, D., Tysnes, O.B., & Larsen, J.P. (2010). Apathy in drug-naive patients with incident Parkinson's disease: The Norwegian ParkWest study. [Multicenter Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. Journal of Neurology, 257(2), 217-223. doi:10.1007/s00415-009-5297-x
50. Pedersen, K.F., Larsen, J.P., Alves, G., & Aarsland, D. (2009). Prevalence and clinical correlates of apathy in Parkinson's disease: A community-based study. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, 15(4), 295-299. doi:S1353-8020(08)00231-9 [pii] 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2008.07.006
51. Pluck, G.C., & Brown, R.G. (2002). Apathy in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 73(6), 636-642.
52. Poletti, M., De Rosa, A., & Bonuccelli, U. (2012). Affective symptoms and cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease. [Review]. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 317(1-2), 97-102. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2012.02.022
53. Poletti, M., Frosini, D., Lucetti, C., Del Dotto, P., Ceravolo, R., & Bonuccelli, U. (2010). Decision making in de novo Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders, 25(10), 1432-1436. doi:10.1002/mds.23098
54. Rees, L.M., Tombaugh, T.N., & Boulay, L. (2001). Depression and the test of memory malingering. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 16(5), 501-506.
55. Reijnders, J.S., Scholtissen, B., Weber, W.E., Aalten, P., Verhey, F.R., & Leentjens, A.F. (2010). Neuroanatomical correlates of apathy in Parkinson's disease: A magnetic resonance imaging study using voxel-based morphometry. Movement Disorders, 25(14), 2318-2325. doi:10.1002/mds. 23268
56. Rossi, M., Gerschcovich, E.R., de Achaval, D., Perez-Lloret, S., Cerquetti, D., Cammarota, A., & Leiguarda, R. (2010). Decisionmaking in Parkinson's disease patients with and without pathological gambling. European Journal of Neurology, 17(1), 97-102. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02792.x
57. Schultz, W., Dayan, P., & Montague, P.R. (1997). A neural substrate of prediction and reward. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Review]. Science, 275(5306), 1593-1599.
58. Slick, D.J., Tan, J.E., Strauss, E.H., & Hultsch, D.F. (2004). Detecting malingering: A survey of experts' practices. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19(4), 465-473. doi:10.1016/j.acn.2003.04.001
59. Starkstein, S.E. (2009). Neuropsychiatric disorders in early untreated Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 80(8), 830. doi:80/8/830 [pii] 10.1136/jnnp.2008. 171231
60. Starkstein, S.E. (2010). Anticholinergic activity and cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease. [Comment Editorial]. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 81(2), 129. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2009.194548
61. Starkstein, S.E., Merello, M., Jorge, R., Brockman, S., Bruce, D., & Power, B. (2009). The syndromal validity and nosological position of apathy in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders, 24(8), 1211-1216. doi:10.1002/mds.22577
62. Teichner, G., & Wagner, M.T. (2004). The Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM): Normative data from cognitively intact, cognitively impaired, and elderly patients with dementia. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19(3), 455-464. doi:10.1016/S0887-6177(03)00078-7
63. Williams-Gray, C.H., Evans, J.R., Goris, A., Foltynie, T., Ban, M., Robbins, T.W., & Barker, R.A. (2009). The distinct cognitive syndromes of Parkinson's disease: 5 year follow-up of the CamPaIGN cohort. Brain, 132(Pt11), 2958-2969. doi:awp245 [pii]10.1093/brain/awp245
64. Yeterian, E.H., & Pandya, D.N. (1991). Prefrontostriatal connections in relation to cortical architectonic organization in rhesus monkeys. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 312(1), 43-67. doi:10.1002/cne.903120105
65. Zgaljardic, D.J., Borod, J.C., Foldi, N.S., & Mattis, P. (2003). A review of the cognitive and behavioral sequelae of Parkinson's disease: Relationship to frontostriatal circuitry. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 16(4), 193-210.