Volcanic effects on microplankton during the permian-triassic transition (Shangsi and Xinmin, South China)

Palaios

Volumn 28, Issue 8, 2013, Pages 552-567

  Shen, Jun ^a,b   Lei, Yong ^a,c   Algeo, Thomas J ^a,b   Feng, Qinglai ^a   Servais, Thomas ^c   Yu, Jianxin ^a   Zhou, Lian ^a  

^a CHINA UNIVERSITY OF GEOSCIENCES   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI   (United States)

^c UNIV LILLE   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; BENTONITE; EARTH; ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS; FACIES; FLOOD BASALT; MASS EXTINCTION; METAL; MICROPLANKTON; MUDSTONE; PERMIAN; PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY; TOXICITY; VOLCANIC ASH; VOLCANISM;

CHINA; GUANGXI ZHUANGZU; SHANGSI;

EID: 84876981509     PISSN: 08831351     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2110/palo.2013.p13-014r     Document Type: Article

References (112)

1. ABELMANN, A., and GOWING, M.M., 1997, Spatial distribution pattern of living polycystine radiolarian taxa-baseline study for paleoenvironmental reconstructions in the Southern Ocean (Atlantic sector): Marine Micropaleontology, v. 30, p. 3-28.
2. ALBANI, R., BAGNOLI, G., BERNARDEZ, E., GUTIERREZ-MARCO, J.C., and RIBECAI, C., 2006, Late Cambrian acritarchs from the "Tú nel Ordov?́cico del Fabar", Cantabrian Zone, N Spain: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 139, p. 41-52. (Pubitemid 43956463)
3. ALGEO, T.J., and TWITCHETT, R.J., 2010, Anomalous Early Triassic sediment fluxes due to elevated weathering rates and their biological consequences: Geology, v. 38, p. 1023-1026.
4. ALGEO, T.J., ELLWOOD, B.B., NGUYEN, T.K.T., ROWE, H., and MAYNARD, J.B., 2007, The Permian-Triassic boundary at Nhi Tao, Vietnam: Evidence for recurrent influx of sulfidic watermasses to a shallow-marine carbonate platform: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 252, p. 304-327. (Pubitemid 47126558)
5. ALGEO, T.J., SHEN, Y.-A, ZHANG, T.-G, LYONS, T.W., BATES, S.M., ROWE, H., and NGUYEN, T.K.T., 2008, Association of 34S-depleted pyrite layers with negative carbonate d13C excursions at the Permian/Triassic boundary: Evidence for upwelling of sulfidic deep-ocean watermasses: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 9, Q04025, 10 p.
6. ALGEO, T.J., HINNOV, L., MOSER, J.,MAYNARD, J.B., ELSWICK, E., KUWAHARA, K., and SANO, H., 2010, Changes in productivity and redox conditions in the Panthalassic Ocean during the latest Permian: Geology, v. 38, p. 187-190.
7. ALGEO, T.J., CHEN, Z.-Q., FRAISER, M.L., and TWITCHETT, R.J., 2011a, Terrestrialmarine teleconnections in the collapse and rebuilding of Early Triassic marine ecosystems: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 308, p. 1-11.
8. ALGEO, T.J., KUWAHARA, K., SANO, H., BATES, S., LYONS, T., ELSWICK, E., HINNOV, L., ELLWOOD, B., MOSER, J., and MAYNARD, J.B., 2011b, Spatial variation in sediment fluxes, redox conditions, and productivity in the Permian-Triassic Panthalassic Ocean: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 308, p. 65-83.
9. ALGEO, T.J., HENDERSON, C.M., TONG, J.-N, FENG, Q.-L, YIN, H.-F, and TYSON, R., 2013, Plankton and productivity during the Permian-Triassic boundary crisis: An analysis of organic carbon fluxes: Global and Planetary Change, v. 105, p. 52-67.
10. ALROY, J., 2010, The shifting balance of diversity among major marine animal groups: Science, v. 329, p. 1191-1194.
11. ANDERSON, O.R., BENNETT, P., and BRYAN, M., 1989, Experimental and observational studies of radiolarian physiological ecology: 3. Effects of temperature, salinity and light intensity on the growth and survival of Spongaster tetras tetras maintained in laboratory culture: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 14, p. 275-282. (Pubitemid 20409255)
12. AYRIS, P., and DELMELLE, P., 2012, Volcanic and atmospheric controls on ash iron solubility: A review: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, v. 45-46, p. 103-112.
13. BEATTY, T.W., ZONNEVELD, J.-P., and HENDERSON, C.M., 2008, Anomalously diverse Early Triassic ichnofossil assemblages in northwest Pangea: A case for a shallowmarine habitable zone: Geology, v. 36, p. 771-774.
14. BOUIMETARHAN, I., MARRET, F., DUPONT, L., and ZONNEVELD, K., 2009, Dinoflagellate cyst distribution in marine surface sediment off West Africa (17-6uN) in relation to sea-surface conditions, freshwater input and seasonal coastal upwelling: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 71, p. 113-130.
15. BRAND, U., POSENATO, R., CAME, R., AFFEK, H., ANGIOLINI, L., AZMY, K., and FARABEGOLI, E., 2012, The end-Permian mass extinction. A rapid volcanic CO2 and CH4-climatic catastrophe: Chemical Geology, v. 322-333, p. 121-144.
16. CAMPBELL, I.H., CZAMANSKE, G.K., FEDORENKO, V.A., HILL, R.I., and STEPANOV, V., 1992, Synchronism of the Siberian Traps and the Permian-Triassic boundary: Science, v. 258, p. 1760-1763. (Pubitemid 23388304)
17. CHEN, H., XIE, X., HU, C., HUANG, J., and LI, H., 2012, Geochemical characteristics of late Permian sediments in the Dalong Formation of the Shangsi Section, Northwest Sichuan Basin in South China: Implications for organic carbon-rich siliceous rocks formation: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 112, p. 35-53.
18. DE WEVER, P., DUMITRICA, P., CAULET, J.P., NIGRINI, C., and CARIDROIT, M., 2001, Radiolarians in the Sedimentary Record: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Amsterdam, 525 p.
19. DE WEVER, P., O'DOGHERTY, L., and GAAORICAN, S., 2006, The plankton turnover at the Permian-Triassic boundary, emphasis on radiolarians: Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, v. 99, suppl. 1, p. 49-62.
20. DUGGEN, S., OLGUN, N., CROOT, P., HOFFMANN, L., DIETZE, H., DELMELLE, P., and TESCHNER, C., 2010, The role of airborne volcanic ash for the surface ocean biogeochemical iron-cycle: A review: Biogeosciences, v. 7, p. 827-844.
21. EICHER, G.J., JR., and ROUNSEFELL, G.A., 1957, Effects of lake fertilization by volcanic activity on abundance of salmon: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 2, p. 70-76.
22. EMPSON-MORIN, M.K., 1984, Depth and latitude distribution of Radiolaria in Campanian (Late Cretaceous) tropical and subtropical oceans: Micropaleontology, v. 30, p. 87-115.
23. EPPLEY, W.R., 1972, Temperature and phytoplankton growth in the sea: Fishery Bulletin, v. 70, p. 1063-1085.
24. ERWIN, D.H., 1994, The Permo-Triassic extinction: Nature, v. 367, p. 231-236.
25. ERWIN, D.H., BOWRING, S.A., and JIN, Y.-G., 2002, End-Permian mass-extinctions: A review, in Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K.G., eds., Catastrophic Events and Mass Extinctions: Impacts and Beyond: Geological Society of America Special Papers, v. 356, p. 353-383.
26. EVITT, W.R., 1963, A discussion and proposals concerning fossil dinoflagellates, hystrichospheres and acritarchs: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, v. 49, p. 158-164.
27. FARABEGOLI, E., and PERRI, M.C., 2012, Millennial physical events and the end-Permian mass mortality in the western Palaeotethys: Timing and primary causes, in Talent, J.A., ed., Earth and Life, International Year of Planet Earth: Springer, Berlin, p. 719-758.
28. FELITSYN, S.B., and KIRIANOV, V.Y., 2002, Mobility of phosphorus during the weathering of volcanic ashes: Lithology and Mineral Resources, v. 37, p. 275-278.
29. FENG, Q.-L., and GU, S.-Z., 2002, Uppermost Changxingian (Permian) radiolarian fauna from southern Guizhou, southwestern China: Journal of Paleontology, v. 76, p. 797-809.
30. FENG, Q.-L., YANG, F.-Q., ZHANG, Z.-F., GAO, Y.-Q., and WANG, Z.-P., 2000, Radiolarian evolution during the Permian and Triassic transition in South and Southwest China, in Yin, H.-F, Dickins, J.H., Shi, G.R., and Tong, J.-N, eds., Permian-Triassic Evolution of Tethys and Western Circum-Pacific: Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 309-326.
31. FENG, Q.-L., HE, W.H., GU, S.Z., MENG, Y.Y., JIN, Y.X., and ZHANG, F., 2007, Radiolarian evolution during the latest Permian in South China: Global and Planetary Change, v. 55, p. 177-192. (Pubitemid 44937568)
32. FLENLEY, J., 1971, Measurements of the specific gravity of the pollen exine: Pollen et Spores, v. 13, p. 179-186.
33. FROGNER KOCKUM, P.C., HERBERT, R.B., and GISLASON, S.R., 2006, A diverse ecosystem response to volcanic aerosols: Chemical Geology, v. 231, p. 57-66. (Pubitemid 43906005)
34. FUNNELL, M.B., 1967, Foraminifera and radiolarian as depth indicators in the marine environment: Marine Geology, v. 5, p. 333-347.
35. HAMME, R.C., WEBLEY, P.W., CRAWFORD, W.R., WHITNEY, F.A., DEGRANDPRE, M.D., EMERSON, S.R., ERIKSEN, C.C., GIESBRECHT, K.E., GOWER, J.F.R., KAVANAUGH, M.T., PAÑ A, M.A., SABINE, C.L., BATTEN, S.D., COOGAN, L.A., GRUNDLE, D.S., AND LOCKWOOD, D., 2010, Volcanic ash fuels anomalous plankton bloom in subarctic northeast Pacific: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 37, L19604, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044629.
36. HE, W.-H., FENG, Q.-L., GU, S.-Z., and JIN, Y.-X., 2005, Changxingian (upper Permian) radiolarian fauna from Meishan D section, Changxing, Zhejiang, China, and its possible paleoecological significance: Journal of Paleontology, v. 79, p. 209-218.
37. HORACEK, M., BRANDNER, R., and ABART, R., 2007, Carbon isotope record of the P/T boundary and the Lower Triassic in the Southern Alps: Evidence for rapid changes in storage of organic carbon: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 252, p. 347-354. (Pubitemid 47135611)
38. HORWELL, C.J., 2007, Grain-size analysis of volcanic ash for the rapid assessment of respiratory health hazard: Journal of Environmental Monitoring, v. 9, p. 1107-1115. (Pubitemid 47512919)
39. HUFF, D.W., BERGSTOM, M.S., and KOLATA, R.D., 1992, Gigantic Ordovician volcanic ash fall in North America and Europe: Biological, tectonomagmatic, and event-stratigraphic significance: Geology, v. 20, p. 875-878.
40. IACONO-MARZIANO, G., MARECAL, V., PIRRE, M., GAILLARD, F., ARTEBA, J., SCAILLET, B., and ARNDT, N., 2012, Gas emissions due to magma-sediment interactions during flood magmatism at the Siberian Traps. Gas dispersion and environmental consequences: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 357-358, p. 308-318.
41. ISOZAKI, Y., 2009, Integrated "plume winter" scenario for the double-phased extinction during the Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition: The G-LB and P-TB events from a Panthalassic perspective: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 36, p. 459-480.
42. ISOZAKI, Y., SHIMIZU, N., YAO, J.-X., JI, Z.-S., and MATSUDA, T., 2007, End-Permian extinction and volcanism-induced environmental stress: The Permian-Triassic boundary interval of lower-slope facies at Chaotian, South China: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 252, p. 218-238. (Pubitemid 47126553)
43. ITAKI, T., 2003, Depth-related radiolarian assemblage in the water-column and surface sediments of the Japan Sea: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 47, p. 253-270. (Pubitemid 36280475)
44. JABLONSKI, D., 2002, Survival without recovery after mass extinctions: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, v. 99, p. 8139-8144. (Pubitemid 34651019)
45. JIANG, H.-S., LAI, X.-L., YAN, C.-B., ALDRIDGE, R.J., WIGNALL, P.B., and SUN, Y.-D., 2011, Revised conodont zonation and conodont evolution across the Permian-Triassic boundary at the Shangsi section, Guangyuan, Sichuan, South China: Global and Planetary Change, v. 77, p. 103-115.
46. JIN, Y.-G., WANG, Y., WANG, W., SHANG, Q.-H., CAO, C.-Q., and ERWIN, D.H., 2000, Pattern of marine mass extinction near the Permian Triassic boundary in South China: Science, v. 289, p. 432-436. (Pubitemid 30490451)
47. JONES, M.T., and GISLASON, S.R., 2008, Rapid releases of metal salts and nutrients following the deposition of volcanic ash into aqueous environments: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, p. 3661-3680.
48. KATZ, M.E., FINKEL, Z.V., GRZEBYK, D., KNOLL, A.H., and FALKOWSKI, P.G., 2004, Evolutionary trajectories and biogeochemical impacts of marine eukaryotic phytoplankton: Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, v. 35, p. 523-556. (Pubitemid 40059730)
49. KLING, A.S., 1976, Relation of radiolarian distributions to subsurface hydrography in the North Pacific: Deep-Sea Research I, v. 23, p. 1043-1058.
50. KLING, A.S., and BOLTOVSKOY, D., 1995, Radiolarian vertical distribution patterns across the southern California Current: Deep-Sea Research I, v. 42, p. 191-231. (Pubitemid 26447630)
51. KORTE, C., and KOZUR, H.W., 2010, Carbon-isotope stratigraphy across the Permian-Triassic boundary: A review: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 39, p. 215-235.
52. KOZUR, H.W., 1993, Upper Permian radiolarians from the Sosio Valley Area, Western Sicily (Italy) and from the uppermost Lamar Limestone of West Texas: Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt Wien, v. 136, p. 99-123.
53. KUMP, L.R., PAVLOV, A., and ARTHUR, M.A., 2005, Massive release of hydrogen sulfide to the surface ocean and atmosphere during intervals of oceanic anoxia: Geology, v. 33, p. 397-400. (Pubitemid 40706790)
54. LAI, X.-L., YANG, F.-Q., HALLAM, A., and WIGNALL, P.B., 1996, The Shangsi section, candidate of the global stratotype section and point of the Permian-Triassic boundary, in Yin, H.F., ed., The Palaeozoic-Mesozoic Boundary, Candidates of the Global Stratotype Section and Point of the Permian-Triassic Boundary: China University of Geosciences Press, Wuhan, China, p. 113-124.
55. LANGMANN, B., ZAKSEK, K., and HORT, M., 2010a, Atmospheric distribution and removal of volcanic ash after the eruption of Kasatochi volcano: A regional model study: Journal ofGeophysical Research, v. 115, D00L06, doi: 10.1029/2009JD013298.
56. LANGMANN, B., ZAKSEK, K., HORT, M., and DUGGEN, S., 2010b, Volcanic ash as fertilizer for the surface ocean: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, v. 10, p. 3891-3899.
57. LEI, Y., SERVAIS, T., FENG, Q.-L., and HE, W.-H., 2012, The spatial (nearshoreoffshore) distribution of latest Permian phytoplankton from the Yangtze Block, South China: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 363-364, p. 151-162.
58. LEI, Y., SERVAIS, T., and FENG, Q.-L., 2013a, The diversity of the Permian phytoplankton: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, doi: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2013.03.004.
59. LEI, Y., SERVAIS, T., FENG, Q., and HE, W., 2013b, Latest Permian acritarchs from South China and the Micrhystridium/Veryhachium complex revisited: Palynology, doi: 10.1080/01916122.2013.793625.
60. LI, J., SERVAIS, T., YAN, Y., and ZHU, H., 2004, A nearshore-offshore trend in the acritarch distribution of the Early-Middle Ordovician of the Yangtze Platform, SChina: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 130, p. 141-161. (Pubitemid 38791541)
61. LI, Z.-S., ZHAN, L.-P., ZHU, X.-F., ZHANG, J.-H., JIN, R.-G., LIU, G.-F., SHENG, H.-B., SHEN, G.-M., DAI, J.-Y., HUANG, H.-Q., XIE, L.-C., and YAN, Z., 1986, Mass extinction and geological events between Palaeozoic and Mesozoic era: Acta Geologica Sinica, v. 60, p. 1-15 (in Chinese with English abstract).
62. LINDENTHAL, A., LANGMANN, B., PAETSCH, J., LORKOWSKI, I., and HORT,M., 2012, The ocean response to volcanic iron fertilization after the eruption of Kasatochi volcano: A regional scale biogeochemical ocean model study: Biogeosciences Discussion, v. 9, p. 9233-9257.
63. MARTIN, J.H., and FITZWATER, S.E., 1988, Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the north-east Pacific subarctic: Nature, v. 331, p. 341-344.
64. MATSUOKA, A., and ANDERSON, O.R., 1992, Experimental and observational studies of radiolarian physiological ecology: 5. Temperature and salinity tolerance of Dictyocorybe truncatum: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 19, p. 299-313. (Pubitemid 23384702)
65. MCLENNAN, S.M., 2001, Relationships between the trace element composition of sedimentary rocks and upper continental crust: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, v. 2, GC000109, doi: 10.1029/2000GC000109.
66. MOORE, T.C., JR., 1978, The distribution of radiolarian assemblages in the modern and ice-age Pacific: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 3, p. 229-266.
67. MUNNECKE, A., and SERVAIS, T., 2008, Palaeozoic calcareous plankton: Evidence from the Silurian of Gotland: Lethaia, v. 41, p. 185-194. (Pubitemid 351676555)
68. NICOLL, R.S., METCALFE, I., and WANG, C.-Y., 2002, New species of the conodont genus Hindeodus and conodont biostratigraphy of the Permian-Triassic boundary interval: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 20, p. 609-631.
69. NONA, S.R.A., CARLOS, M.D., and SUSANA, A., 2000, Nutrient and temperature control of the contribution of picoplankton to phytoplankton biomass and production: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 45, p. 591-600.
70. OGDEN, D.E., and SLEEP, N.H., 2012, Explosive eruption of coal and basalt and the end-Permian mass extinction: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, v. 109, p. 59-62.
71. OLGUN, N., DUGGEN, S., CROOT, P.L., DELMELLE, P., and DIETZE, H., 2011, Surface ocean iron fertilization: The role of airborne volcanic ash from subduction zone and hot spot volcanoes and related iron fluxed into the Pacific Ocean: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 25, GB4001, doi: 10.1029/2009GB003761.
72. OUYANG, S., and UTTING, J., 1990, Palynology of upper Permian and Lower Triassic rocks, Meishan, Changxing County, Zhejiang Province, China: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 66, p. 65-103.
73. PESSAGNO, E.A., JR., and NEWPORT, R.L., 1972, A technique for extracting radiolaria from radiolarian cherts: Micropaleontology, v. 18, p. 231-234.
74. PROSI, F., 1989, Factors controlling biological availability and toxic effects of lead in aquatic organisms: Science of the Total Environment, v. 79, p. 157-169.
75. REICHOW, M.K., PRINGLE, M.S., AL'MUKHAMEDOV, A.I., ALLEN, M.B., ANDREICHEW, V.L., BUSLOV, M.M., DAVIES, C.E., FEDOSEEV, G.S., FITTON, J.G., INGER, S., MEDVEDEV, A.Y., MITCHELL, C., PUCHKOV, V.N., SAFANOVA, I.Y., SCOTT, R.A., and SAUNDERS, A.D., 2009, The timing and extent of the eruption of the Siberian Traps large igneous province. Implications for the end-Permian environmental crisis: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 277, p. 9-20.
76. RENNE, P.R., ZHENG, Z.-C., RICHARDS, M.A., BLACK, M.T., and BASU, A.R., 1995, Synchrony and causal relations between Permian-Triassic boundary crisis and Siberian flood volcanism: Science, v. 269, p. 1413-1416. (Pubitemid 26456541)
77. RETALLACK, G.J., and JAHREN, A.H., 2008, Methane release from igneous intrusion of coal during later Permian extraction events: Journal of Geology, v. 116, p. 1-20.
78. RIEGEL, W., 2008, The late Palaeozoic phytoplankton blackout: Artefact or evidence of global change: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 148, p. 73-90. (Pubitemid 350309606)
79. ROMANO, C., GOUDEMAND, N., VENNEMANN, T.W., WARE, D., SCHNEEBELI-HERMANN, E., HOCHULI, P.A., BRÜ HWILER, T., BRINKMANN, W., and BUCHER, H., 2012, Climatic and biotic upheavals following the end-Permian mass extinction: Nature Geoscience, v. 6, p. 57-60.
80. SANEI, H., GRASBY, S.E., and BEAUCHAMP, B., 2012, Latest Permian mercury anomalies: Geology, v. 40, p. 63-66.
81. SANO, H., KUWAHARA, K., YAO, A., and AGEMATSU, S., 2010, Panthalassan seamountassociated Permian-Triassic boundary siliceous rocks, Mino terrane, central Japan: Paleontological Research, v. 14, p. 295-316.
82. SASHIDA, K., SALYAPONGSE, S., and NAKORNSRI, N., 2000, Latest Permian radiolarian fauna from Klaeng, Eastern Thailand: Micropaleontology, v. 46, p. 245-263. (Pubitemid 32119890)
83. SELF, S., THORDARSON, T., and WIDDOWSON, M., 2005, Gas fluxes from flood basalt eruption: Elements, v. 1, p. 283-287.
84. SERVAIS, T., STRICANNE, L.,MONTENARI,M., and PROSS, J., 2004, Population dynamics of galeate acritarchs at the Cambrian-Ordovician transition in the Algerian Sahara: Palaeontology, v. 47, p. 395-414. (Pubitemid 38517265)
85. SHEN, J., ALGEO, T.J., ZHOU, L., FENG, Q.-L, YU, J.-X, and ELLWOOD, B.B., 2012a, Volcanic perturbations of the marine environment in South China preceding the latest Permian extinction event and their biotic effects: Geobiology, v. 10, p. 82-103.
86. SHEN, J., ALGEO, T.J., HU, Q., ZHANG, N., ZHOU, L., XIA, W.-C, XIE, S.-C, and FENG, Q.-L., 2012b, Negative C-isotope excursions at the Permian-Triassic boundary linked to volcanism: Geology, v. 40, p. 963-966.
87. SHEN, J., ALGEO, T.J., HU, Q., XU, G.-Z, ZHOU, L., and FENG, Q.-L., 2013, Volcanism in South China during the late Permian and its relationship to marine ecosystem and environmental changes: Global and Planetary Change, v. 105, p. 121-134.
88. SHEN, S.-Z., CROWLEY, J.L., WANG, Y., BOWRING, S.A., ERWIN, D.H., SADLER, P.M., CAO, C.-Q., ROTHMAN, D.H., HENDERSON, C.M., RAMEZANI, J., ZHANG, H., SHEN, Y.-A., WANG, X.-D., WANG, W., MU, L., LI, W.-Z., TANG, Y.-G., LIU, X.-L., LIU, L.-J., ZENG, Y., JIANG, Y.-F., and JIN, Y.-G., 2011, Calibrating the end-Permian mass extinction: Science, v. 334, p. 1367-1372.
89. SOBOLEV, S.V., SOBOLEV, A.V., KUZMIN, D.V., KRIVOLUTSKAYA, N.A., PETRUNIN, A.G., ARNDT, N.T., RADKO, V.A., and VASILIEV, Y.R., 2011, Linking mantle plumes, large igneous provinces and environmental catastrophes: Nature, v. 477, p. 312-316.
90. SONG, H.-Y.,TONG, J.-N.,ALGEO, T.J.,HORACEK, M.,QIU, H.-O., SONG, H.-J.,TIAN, L., and CHEN, Z.-Q., 2013, Large vertical d13CDIC gradients in Early Triassic seas of the South China craton: Implications for oceanographic changes related to Siberian Traps volcanism: Global and Planetary Change, v. 105, p. 7-20.
91. STROTHER, P.K., 2008, A speculative review of factors controlling the evolution of phytoplankton during Paleozoic time: Revue de Micropalé ontologie, v. 51, p. 9-21. (Pubitemid 351512282)
92. SUN, Y.-D., JOACHIMSKI, M.M., WIGNALL, P.B., YAN, C.-B., CHEN, Y.-L., JIANG, H.-S., WANG, L.-N., and LAI, X.-L., 2012, Lethally hot temperatures during the early Triassic greenhouse: Science, v. 388, p. 366-370.
93. TAYLOR, S.R., and MCLENNAN, S.M., 1985, The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution: Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 312 p.
94. THURMAN, H.V., and TRUJILLO, A.P., 2004, Introductory Oceanography, 10th ed.: Pearson, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 416 p.
95. TYSON, R.V., and FOLLOWS, B., 2000, Palynofacies prediction of distance from sediment source: A case study from the Upper Cretaceous of the Pyrenees: Geology, v. 28, p. 569-571. (Pubitemid 32836046)
96. VAN DE SCHOOTBRUGGE, B., TREMOLADA, F., ROSENTHAL, Y., BAILEY, T.R., FEISTBURKHARDT, S., BRINKHUIS, H., PROSS, J., KENT, D.V., and FALKOWSKI, P.G., 2007, End-Triassic calcification crisis and blooms of organic-walled "disaster species": Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 244, p. 126-141. (Pubitemid 46107503)
97. VISHNEVSKAYA, V., 1997, Development of Palaeozoic-Mesozoic radiolarian in the northwestern Pacific rim: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 30, p. 79-95.
98. WIGNALL, P.B., 2007, The end-Permian mass extinction: How bad did it get?: Geobiology, v. 5, p. 303-309. (Pubitemid 350135323)
99. WIGNALL, P.B., HALLAM, A., LAI, X.-L., and YANG, F.-Q., 1995, Palaeoenvironmental changes across the Permian/Triassic boundary at Shangsi (N. Sichuan, China): Historical Biology, v. 10, p. 175-189.
100. WINGUTH, C., and WINGUTH, A.M.E., 2012, Simulating Permian-Triassic oceanic anoxia distribution: Implications for species extinction and recovery: Geology, v. 40, p. 127-130.
101. XIA,W.-C., ZHANG, N., WANG, G.-Q., and KAKUWA, Y., 2004, Pelagic radiolarian and conodont biozonation in the Permo-Triassic boundary internal and correlation to the Meishan GSSP: Micropaleontology, v. 50, p. 27-44. (Pubitemid 39168817)
102. XIANG, Y., FENG, Q.-L., SHEN, J., and ZHANG, N., 2013, Changhsingian radiolarian fauna from Anshun, Guizhou and its relationship to TOC and paleo-productivity: Science in China Series D (Earth Science), v. 56, p. 1334-1342.
103. XIE, S.-C, PANCOST, R.D., WANG, Y.-B, YANG, H., WIGNALL, P.B., LUO, G.-M., JIA, C.-L, and CHEN, L., 2010, Cyanobacterial blooms tied to volcanism during the 5 m.y. Permo-Triassic biotic crisis: Geology, v. 38, p. 447-450.
104. XU, L., LIN, Y.-T., SHEN, W.-J, QI, L., XIE, L.-W., and OUYANG, Z.-Y., 2007, Platinum group elements of the Meishan Permian-Triassic boundary section: Evidence for flood basaltic volcanism: Chemical Geology, v. 246, p. 55-64.
105. YANG, J.-H., CAWOOD, P.A., DU, Y.-S., HUANG, H., HUANG, H-W., and TAO, P., 2012, Large igneous province and magmatic arc sourced Permian-Triassic volcanogenic sediments in China: Sedimentary Geology, v. 261-262, p. 120-131.
106. YANG, Z.-Y., YIN, H.-F., WU, S.-B., YANG, F.-Q., DING, M.-H., and XU, G.-R., 1987, Permian-Triassic boundary stratigraphy and fauna of South China: Geological Publishing House, Beijing, China, 378 p. (in Chinese).
107. YANG, Z.-Y., WU, S.-B., YIN, H.-F., XU, G.-R., ZHANG, K.-X., and BI, X.-M., 1991, Permo-Triassic events of South China: Geological Publishing House, Beijing, China, p. 35-64 (in Chinese).
108. YIN, H.-F,HUANG, S.-J,ZHANG, K.-X.,HANSEN, H.J.,YANG, F.-Q., DING,M.-H., andBIE, X.-M., 1992, The effects of volcanism on the Permo-Triassic mass extinction in South China, in Sweet,W.C., Yang, Z.-Y., Dickins, J.M., and Yin, H.-F., eds., Permo-Triassic Events in the Eastern Tethys: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, p. 169-174.
109. YIN, H.-F., ZHANG, K.-X., TONG, J.-N., YANG, Z.-Y., and WU, S.-B., 2001, The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Permian-Triassic boundary: Episodes, v. 24, p. 275-275.
110. YIN, H.-F., JIANG, H.-S., XIA,W.-C., FENG, Q.-L., ZHANG, N., and SHEN, J., 2013, The end-Permian regression in South China and its implication on mass extinction: Earth-Science Reviews, doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.06.003.
111. ZHAO, L.-S, CHEN, Z.-Q., ALGEO, T.J., CHEN, J.-P., CHEN, Y.-L., TONG, J.-N., GAO, S., ZHOU, L., HU, Z.-C, and LIU, Y.-S., 2013, Rare-earth element patterns in conodont albid crowns: Evidence for massive inputs of volcanic ash during the latest Permian biocrisis?: Global and Planetary Change, v. 105, p. 135-151.
112. ZONNEVELD, J.-P., BEATTY, T.W., MACNAUGHTON, R.B., PEMBERTON, S.G., UTTING, J., and HENDERSON, C.M., 2010, Sedimentology and ichnology of the Lower Triassic Montney Formation in the Pedigree-Ring/Border-Kahntah River area, northwestern Alberta and northeastern British Columbia: Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 58, p. 115-140.