메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 175, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 1-21

The performance of estimators based on the propensity score

Author keywords

Empirical Monte Carlo study; Finite sample properties; Inverse probability tilting; Inverse probability weighting; Kernel matching; Propensity score matching; Selection on observables

Indexed keywords

EMPLOYMENT; SAMPLING;

EID: 84876932344     PISSN: 03044076     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2012.11.006     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (256)

References (101)
  • 1
    • 13244283045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semiparametric difference-in-difference estimators
    • A. Abadie Semiparametric difference-in-difference estimators Review of Economic Studies 72 2005 1 19
    • (2005) Review of Economic Studies , vol.72 , pp. 1-19
    • Abadie, A.1
  • 3
    • 33645024678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large sample properties of matching estimators for average treatment effects
    • A. Abadie, and G.W. Imbens Large sample properties of matching estimators for average treatment effects Econometrica 74 2006 235 267
    • (2006) Econometrica , vol.74 , pp. 235-267
    • Abadie, A.1    Imbens, G.W.2
  • 4
    • 56349115008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the failure of the bootstrap for matching estimators
    • A. Abadie, and G.W. Imbens On the failure of the bootstrap for matching estimators Econometrica 76 2008 1537 1557
    • (2008) Econometrica , vol.76 , pp. 1537-1557
    • Abadie, A.1    Imbens, G.W.2
  • 6
    • 0001242882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the labor market effects of voluntary military service using social security data on military applicants
    • J.D. Angrist Estimating the labor market effects of voluntary military service using social security data on military applicants Econometrica 66 1998 249 288
    • (1998) Econometrica , vol.66 , pp. 249-288
    • Angrist, J.D.1
  • 7
    • 1842429546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When to control for covariates? panel-asymptotic results for estimates of treatment effects
    • J.D. Angrist, and J. Hahn When to control for covariates? panel-asymptotic results for estimates of treatment effects Review of Economics and Statistics 86 2004 58 72
    • (2004) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.86 , pp. 58-72
    • Angrist, J.D.1    Hahn, J.2
  • 9
    • 34248216622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the performance of matching algorithms when selection into treatment is strong
    • B. Augurzky, and J. Kluve Assessing the performance of matching algorithms when selection into treatment is strong Journal of Applied Econometrics 22 2007 533 557
    • (2007) Journal of Applied Econometrics , vol.22 , pp. 533-557
    • Augurzky, B.1    Kluve, J.2
  • 10
    • 33644851650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doubly robust estimation in missing data and causal inference models
    • H. Bang, and J.M. Robins Doubly robust estimation in missing data and causal inference models Biometrics 61 2005 962 972
    • (2005) Biometrics , vol.61 , pp. 962-972
    • Bang, H.1    Robins, J.M.2
  • 12
    • 78649406494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A caseworker like me - Does the similarity between unemployed and caseworker increase job placements?
    • S. Behncke, M. Frölich, and M. Lechner A caseworker like me - does the similarity between unemployed and caseworker increase job placements? The Economic Journal 2010 1430 1459
    • (2010) The Economic Journal , pp. 1430-1459
    • Behncke, S.1    Frölich, M.2    Lechner, M.3
  • 14
    • 67849102029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative approaches to evaluation in empirical microeconomics
    • R. Blundell, and M. Costa Dias Alternative approaches to evaluation in empirical microeconomics Journal of Human Resources 44 2009 565 640
    • (2009) Journal of Human Resources , vol.44 , pp. 565-640
    • Blundell, R.1    Costa Dias, M.2
  • 17
    • 84876930278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New evidence on the finite sample properties of propensity score matching and reweighting estimators
    • Busso, M.; DiNardo, J.; McCrary, J.; 2009. New evidence on the finite sample properties of propensity score matching and reweighting estimators, IZA discussion paper, 3998.
    • (2009) IZA Discussion Paper, 3998
    • Busso, M.1    Dinardo, J.2    McCrary, J.3
  • 18
    • 33645800179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sectoral heterogeneity in the employment effects of job creation schemes in Germany
    • M. Caliendo, R. Hujer, and S. Thomsen Sectoral heterogeneity in the employment effects of job creation schemes in Germany Journal of Economics and Statistics 226 2 2006 139 179
    • (2006) Journal of Economics and Statistics , vol.226 , Issue.2 , pp. 139-179
    • Caliendo, M.1    Hujer, R.2    Thomsen, S.3
  • 20
    • 42549169796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying effect heterogeneity to improve the efficiency of job creation schemes in Germany
    • M. Caliendo, R. Hujer, and S. Thomsen Identifying effect heterogeneity to improve the efficiency of job creation schemes in Germany Applied Economics 40 2008 1101 1122
    • (2008) Applied Economics , vol.40 , pp. 1101-1122
    • Caliendo, M.1    Hujer, R.2    Thomsen, S.3
  • 21
    • 77958559780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active labour market policy evaluations: A meta-analysis
    • D. Card, J. Kluve, and A. Weber Active labour market policy evaluations: a meta-analysis Economic Journal 120 2010 F452 F477
    • (2010) Economic Journal , vol.120
    • Card, D.1    Kluve, J.2    Weber, A.3
  • 22
    • 66049151266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large sample sieve estimation of semi-nonparametric models
    • Elsevier B.V (Chapter 76)
    • X. Chen Large sample sieve estimation of semi-nonparametric models Handbook of Econometrics vol. 6B 2007 Elsevier B.V 5549 5632 (Chapter 76)
    • (2007) Handbook of Econometrics , vol.6 VOL. B , pp. 5549-5632
    • Chen, X.1
  • 23
    • 49749111726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semiparametric efficiency in gmm models of nonclassical measurement errors, missing data and treatment effects
    • Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper No. 1644; shorter version published as Semiparametric Efficiency in GMM Models with Auxiliary Data
    • Chen, X.; Hong, H.; Tarozzi, A.; 2008. Semiparametric efficiency in gmm models of nonclassical measurement errors, missing data and treatment effects, Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper No. 1644; shorter version published as Semiparametric Efficiency in GMM Models with Auxiliary Data, The Annals of Statistics, 36, 808-843.
    • (2008) The Annals of Statistics , vol.36 , pp. 808-843
    • Chen, X.1    Hong, H.2    Tarozzi, A.3
  • 24
    • 60449086859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dealing with limited overlap in estimation of average treatment effects
    • R.K. Crump, V.J. Hotz, G.W. Imbens, and O.A. Mitnik Dealing with limited overlap in estimation of average treatment effects Biometrika 96 2009 187 199
    • (2009) Biometrika , vol.96 , pp. 187-199
    • Crump, R.K.1    Hotz, V.J.2    Imbens, G.W.3    Mitnik, O.A.4
  • 25
    • 10044298710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practical propensity score estimation: A reply to Smith and Todd
    • R.H. Dehejia Practical propensity score estimation: a reply to Smith and Todd Journal of Econometrics 125 2005 355 364
    • (2005) Journal of Econometrics , vol.125 , pp. 355-364
    • Dehejia, R.H.1
  • 26
    • 0442309558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causal effects in non-experimental studies: Reevaluating the evaluation of training programmes
    • R.H. Dehejia, and S. Wahba Causal effects in non-experimental studies: reevaluating the evaluation of training programmes SAT Journal of the American Statistical Association 94 1999 1053 1062
    • (1999) SAT Journal of the American Statistical Association , vol.94 , pp. 1053-1062
    • Dehejia, R.H.1    Wahba, S.2
  • 27
    • 0036102924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propensity score-matching methods for nonexperimental causal studies
    • R.H. Dehejia, and S. Wahba Propensity score-matching methods for nonexperimental causal studies Review of Economics and Statistics 84 2002 151 161
    • (2002) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.84 , pp. 151-161
    • Dehejia, R.H.1    Wahba, S.2
  • 28
    • 84876922072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic matching for estimating causal effects: A general multivariate matching method for achieving balance in observational studies
    • A. Diamond, and J.S. Sekhon Genetic matching for estimating causal effects: a general multivariate matching method for achieving balance in observational studies Mimeo 2008
    • (2008) Mimeo
    • Diamond, A.1    Sekhon, J.S.2
  • 29
    • 0030364687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Labor market institutions and the distribution of wages, 1973-1992: A semiparametric approach
    • J. DiNardo, N.M. Fortin, and T. Lemieux Labor market institutions and the distribution of wages, 1973-1992: a semiparametric approach Econometrica 64 1996 1001 1044
    • (1996) Econometrica , vol.64 , pp. 1001-1044
    • Dinardo, J.1    Fortin, N.M.2    Lemieux, T.3
  • 30
    • 0027717184 scopus 로고
    • Effects of misspecification of the propensity score on estimators of treatment effect
    • C. Drake Effects of misspecification of the propensity score on estimators of treatment effect Biometrics 49 1993 1231 1236
    • (1993) Biometrics , vol.49 , pp. 1231-1236
    • Drake, C.1
  • 32
    • 84876919343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating nonexperimental estimators for multiple treatments: Evidence from experimental data
    • C.A. Flores, and O.A. Mitnik Evaluating nonexperimental estimators for multiple treatments: evidence from experimental data Mimeo 2009
    • (2009) Mimeo
    • Flores, C.A.1    Mitnik, O.A.2
  • 33
    • 12144290088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finite-sample properties of propensity-score matching and weighting estimators
    • M. Frölich Finite-sample properties of propensity-score matching and weighting estimators Review of Economics and Statistics 86 2004 77 90
    • (2004) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.86 , pp. 77-90
    • Frölich, M.1
  • 34
    • 21644482489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matching estimators and optimal bandwidth choice
    • M. Frölich Matching estimators and optimal bandwidth choice Statistics and Computing 15 2005 197 215
    • (2005) Statistics and Computing , vol.15 , pp. 197-215
    • Frölich, M.1
  • 35
    • 34249042306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonparametric IV estimation of local average treatment effects with covariates
    • M. Frölich Nonparametric IV estimation of local average treatment effects with covariates Journal of Econometrics 139 2007 35 75
    • (2007) Journal of Econometrics , vol.139 , pp. 35-75
    • Frölich, M.1
  • 36
    • 33750473774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonparametric regression for binary dependent variables
    • M. Frölich Nonparametric regression for binary dependent variables Econometrics Journal 9 2007 511 540
    • (2007) Econometrics Journal , vol.9 , pp. 511-540
    • Frölich, M.1
  • 37
    • 84872672260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bandwidth selection and the estimation of treatment effects with unbalanced data
    • J. Galdo, J. Smith, and D. Black Bandwidth selection and the estimation of treatment effects with unbalanced data Annales d'Économie et de Statistique 91-92 2008 189 216
    • (2008) Annales d'Économie et de Statistique , vol.91-92 , pp. 189-216
    • Galdo, J.1    Smith, J.2    Black, D.3
  • 38
    • 0036776615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microeconometric evaluation of the active labour market policy in Switzerland
    • M. Gerfin, and M. Lechner Microeconometric evaluation of the active labour market policy in Switzerland The Economic Journal 112 2002 854 893
    • (2002) The Economic Journal , vol.112 , pp. 854-893
    • Gerfin, M.1    Lechner, M.2
  • 39
    • 77951588479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An introduction to the augmented inverse propensity weighted estimator
    • 10.1093/pan/mpp036
    • A.N. Glynn, and K.M. Quinn An introduction to the augmented inverse propensity weighted estimator Political Analysis 18 2010 36 56 10.1093/pan/mpp036
    • (2010) Political Analysis , vol.18 , pp. 36-56
    • Glynn, A.N.1    Quinn, K.M.2
  • 41
    • 84865176490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inverse probability tilting for moment condition models with missing data
    • B.S. Graham, C. Pinto, and D. Egel Inverse probability tilting for moment condition models with missing data Review of Economic Studies 79 3 2012 1053 1079
    • (2012) Review of Economic Studies , vol.79 , Issue.3 , pp. 1053-1079
    • Graham, B.S.1    Pinto, C.2    Egel, D.3
  • 42
    • 0000858149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the role of the propensity score in efficient semiparametric estimation of average treatment effects
    • J. Hahn On the role of the propensity score in efficient semiparametric estimation of average treatment effects Econometrica 66 1998 315 331
    • (1998) Econometrica , vol.66 , pp. 315-331
    • Hahn, J.1
  • 43
    • 0000414660 scopus 로고
    • Large sample properties of generalized methods of moments estimators
    • L.P. Hansen Large sample properties of generalized methods of moments estimators Econometrica 50 1982 1029 1055
    • (1982) Econometrica , vol.50 , pp. 1029-1055
    • Hansen, L.P.1
  • 44
    • 4944238507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Full matching in an observational study of coaching for the sat
    • B. Hansen Full matching in an observational study of coaching for the sat SAT Journal of the American Statistical Association 99 467 2004 609 618
    • (2004) SAT Journal of the American Statistical Association , vol.99 , Issue.467 , pp. 609-618
    • Hansen, B.1
  • 46
    • 0001766028 scopus 로고
    • The common structure of statistical models of truncation, sample selection and limited dependent variables and a simple estimator for such models
    • J.J. Heckman The common structure of statistical models of truncation, sample selection and limited dependent variables and a simple estimator for such models Annals of Economic and Social Measurement 5 1976 475 492
    • (1976) Annals of Economic and Social Measurement , vol.5 , pp. 475-492
    • Heckman, J.J.1
  • 48
    • 0346856929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterizing selection bias using experimental data
    • J.J. Heckman, H. Ichimura, J. Smith, and P. Todd Characterizing selection bias using experimental data Econometrica 66 1998 1017 1098
    • (1998) Econometrica , vol.66 , pp. 1017-1098
    • Heckman, J.J.1    Ichimura, H.2    Smith, J.3    Todd, P.4
  • 49
    • 77956779653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The economics and econometrics of active labor market programs
    • O. Ashenfelter, D. Card (Eds.) Amsterdam, North-Holland
    • Heckman, J.J.; LaLonde, R.; Smith, J.A.; 1999. The economics and econometrics of active labor market programs, in: O. Ashenfelter, D. Card (Eds.), Handbook of Labour Economics, vol. 3, Amsterdam, North-Holland, pp. 1865-2097.
    • (1999) Handbook of Labour Economics , vol.3 , pp. 1865-2097
    • Heckman J., .J.1    Lalonde, R.2    Smith J., .A.3
  • 51
    • 0035761721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of causal effects using propensity score weighting: An application of data on right ear catheterization
    • K. Hirano, and G.W. Imbens Estimation of causal effects using propensity score weighting: an application of data on right ear catheterization Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology 2 2001 259 278
    • (2001) Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology , vol.2 , pp. 259-278
    • Hirano, K.1    Imbens, G.W.2
  • 52
    • 0141495120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient estimation of average treatment effects using the estimated propensity score
    • K. Hirano, G.W. Imbens, and G. Ridder Efficient estimation of average treatment effects using the estimated propensity score Econometrica 2003 2003 1161 1189
    • (2003) Econometrica , vol.2003 , pp. 1161-1189
    • Hirano, K.1    Imbens, G.W.2    Ridder, G.3
  • 53
    • 34249885738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matching as nonparametric preprocessing for reducing model dependence in parametric causal inference
    • D. Ho, K. Imai, G. King, and E. Stuart Matching as nonparametric preprocessing for reducing model dependence in parametric causal inference Political Analysis 15 2007 199 236
    • (2007) Political Analysis , vol.15 , pp. 199-236
    • Ho, D.1    Imai, K.2    King, G.3    Stuart, E.4
  • 56
    • 84858164829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for covariate balance using quantile regression and resampling methods
    • M. Huber Testing for covariate balance using quantile regression and resampling methods Journal of Applied Statistics 38 2011 2881 2899
    • (2011) Journal of Applied Statistics , vol.38 , pp. 2881-2899
    • Huber, M.1
  • 57
    • 79952592446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does leaving welfare improve health? evidence for Germany
    • M. Huber, M. Lechner, and C. Wunsch Does leaving welfare improve health? evidence for Germany Health Economics 20 2011 484 504
    • (2011) Health Economics , vol.20 , pp. 484-504
    • Huber, M.1    Lechner, M.2    Wunsch, C.3
  • 58
    • 73649128324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do employment effects of job creation schemes differ with respect to the foregoing unemployment duration?
    • R. Hujer, and S. Thomsen How do employment effects of job creation schemes differ with respect to the foregoing unemployment duration? Labour Economics 17 2010 38 51
    • (2010) Labour Economics , vol.17 , pp. 38-51
    • Hujer, R.1    Thomsen, S.2
  • 59
    • 8644274783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New evidence on the effects of job creation schemes in Germany - A matching approach with threefold heterogeneity
    • R. Hujer, M. Caliendo, and S. Thomsen New evidence on the effects of job creation schemes in Germany - a matching approach with threefold heterogeneity Research in Economics 58 2004 257 302
    • (2004) Research in Economics , vol.58 , pp. 257-302
    • Hujer, R.1    Caliendo, M.2    Thomsen, S.3
  • 60
    • 33750151170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of vocational training programmes on the duration of unemployment in eastern Germany
    • R. Hujer, S. Thomsen, and C. Zeiss The effects of vocational training programmes on the duration of unemployment in eastern Germany AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis 90 2 2006 299 322
    • (2006) AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis , vol.90 , Issue.2 , pp. 299-322
    • Hujer, R.1    Thomsen, S.2    Zeiss, C.3
  • 61
    • 1842429563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonparametric estimation of average treatment effects under exogeneity: A review
    • G.W. Imbens Nonparametric estimation of average treatment effects under exogeneity: a review Review of Economics and Statistics 86 2004 4 29
    • (2004) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.86 , pp. 4-29
    • Imbens, G.W.1
  • 62
    • 64849112179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent developments in the econometrics of program evaluation
    • G.W. Imbens, and J.M. Wooldridge Recent developments in the econometrics of program evaluation Journal of Economic Literature 47 2009 5 86
    • (2009) Journal of Economic Literature , vol.47 , pp. 5-86
    • Imbens, G.W.1    Wooldridge, J.M.2
  • 66
    • 46249131752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demystifying double robustness: A comparison of alternative strategies for estimating a population mean from incomplete data
    • J.D. Kang, and J.L. Schafer Demystifying double robustness: a comparison of alternative strategies for estimating a population mean from incomplete data Statistical Science 22 2007 523 539
    • (2007) Statistical Science , vol.22 , pp. 523-539
    • Kang, J.D.1    Schafer, J.L.2
  • 68
    • 79960440153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of treatment effects estimators using a structural model of AMI treatment choices and severity of illness information from hospital charts
    • 10.1002/Jae.1181 published online
    • A. Khwaja, G.P.M. Salm, and J.G. Trogdon A comparison of treatment effects estimators using a structural model of AMI treatment choices and severity of illness information from hospital charts Journal of Applied Econometrics 2010 10.1002/Jae.1181 published online
    • (2010) Journal of Applied Econometrics
    • Khwaja, A.1    Salm, G.P.M.2    Trogdon, J.G.3
  • 70
    • 0001093804 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the econometric evaluations of training programs with experimental data
    • R. LaLonde Evaluating the econometric evaluations of training programs with experimental data American Economic Review 76 1986 604 620
    • (1986) American Economic Review , vol.76 , pp. 604-620
    • Lalonde, R.1
  • 71
    • 0033476953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earnings and employment effects of continuous off-the-job training in east Germany after unification
    • M. Lechner Earnings and employment effects of continuous off-the-job training in east Germany after unification Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 17 1999 74 90
    • (1999) Journal of Business & Economic Statistics , vol.17 , pp. 74-90
    • Lechner, M.1
  • 72
    • 0033913080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of public sector sponsored continuous vocational training programs in east Germany
    • M. Lechner An evaluation of public sector sponsored continuous vocational training programs in east Germany The Journal of Human Resources 35 2000 347 375
    • (2000) The Journal of Human Resources , vol.35 , pp. 347-375
    • Lechner, M.1
  • 73
    • 80054854474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A note on the common support problem in applied evaluation studies
    • M. Lechner A note on the common support problem in applied evaluation studies Annales d'Économie et de Statistique 91-92 2008 217 234
    • (2008) Annales d'Économie et de Statistique , vol.91-92 , pp. 217-234
    • Lechner, M.1
  • 74
    • 70349303839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-run labour market and health effects of individual sports activities
    • M. Lechner Long-run labour market and health effects of individual sports activities The Journal of Health Economics 28 2009 839 854
    • (2009) The Journal of Health Economics , vol.28 , pp. 839-854
    • Lechner, M.1
  • 76
    • 69649087412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active labour market policy in east Germany: Waiting for the economy to take off
    • M. Lechner, and C. Wunsch Active labour market policy in east Germany: waiting for the economy to take off Economics of Transition 17 2009 661 702
    • (2009) Economics of Transition , vol.17 , pp. 661-702
    • Lechner, M.1    Wunsch, C.2
  • 77
    • 73449127983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are training programs more effective when unemployment is high?
    • M. Lechner, and C. Wunsch Are training programs more effective when unemployment is high? Journal of Labor Economics 27 2009 653 692
    • (2009) Journal of Labor Economics , vol.27 , pp. 653-692
    • Lechner, M.1    Wunsch, C.2
  • 80
    • 4444230264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratification and weighting via the propensity score in estimation of causal treatment effects
    • J. Lunceford, and M. Davidian Stratification and weighting via the propensity score in estimation of causal treatment effects Statistics in Medicine 23 2004 2937 2960
    • (2004) Statistics in Medicine , vol.23 , pp. 2937-2960
    • Lunceford, J.1    Davidian, M.2
  • 81
    • 77950635516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the specification of propensity scores, with applications to the analysis of trade policies
    • D.L. Millimet, and R. Tchernis On the specification of propensity scores, with applications to the analysis of trade policies Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 27 2009 297 315
    • (2009) Journal of Business & Economic Statistics , vol.27 , pp. 297-315
    • Millimet, D.L.1    Tchernis, R.2
  • 82
    • 0000331710 scopus 로고
    • A method of moments interpretation of sequential estimators
    • W.K. Newey A method of moments interpretation of sequential estimators Economics Letters 14 1984 201 206
    • (1984) Economics Letters , vol.14 , pp. 201-206
    • Newey, W.K.1
  • 83
    • 34249888183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating multi-treatment programs: Theory and evidence from the U.S. job training partnership act
    • M. Plesca, and J. Smith Evaluating multi-treatment programs: theory and evidence from the U.S. job training partnership act Empirical Economics 32 2007 491 528
    • (2007) Empirical Economics , vol.32 , pp. 491-528
    • Plesca, M.1    Smith, J.2
  • 86
    • 0026708512 scopus 로고
    • Estimating exposure effects by modelling the expectation of exposure conditional on confounders
    • J.M. Robins, S.D. Mark, and W.K. Newey Estimating exposure effects by modelling the expectation of exposure conditional on confounders Biometrics 48 1992 479 495
    • (1992) Biometrics , vol.48 , pp. 479-495
    • Robins, J.M.1    Mark, S.D.2    Newey, W.K.3
  • 87
    • 77951622706 scopus 로고
    • The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects
    • P.R. Rosenbaum, and D.B. Rubin The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects Biometrika 70 1983 41 55
    • (1983) Biometrika , vol.70 , pp. 41-55
    • Rosenbaum, P.R.1    Rubin, D.B.2
  • 88
    • 84945581878 scopus 로고
    • Constructing a control group using multivariate matched sampling methods that incorporate the propensity score
    • P.R. Rosenbaum, and D.B. Rubin Constructing a control group using multivariate matched sampling methods that incorporate the propensity score The American Statistician 39 1985 33 38
    • (1985) The American Statistician , vol.39 , pp. 33-38
    • Rosenbaum, P.R.1    Rubin, D.B.2
  • 89
    • 58149417330 scopus 로고
    • Estimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies
    • D.B. Rubin Estimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies Journal of Educational Psychology 66 1974 688 701
    • (1974) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.66 , pp. 688-701
    • Rubin, D.B.1
  • 90
    • 85144841000 scopus 로고
    • Using multivariate matched sampling and regression adjustment to control bias in observational studies
    • D.B. Rubin Using multivariate matched sampling and regression adjustment to control bias in observational studies SAT Journal of the American Statistical Association 74 1979 318 328
    • (1979) SAT Journal of the American Statistical Association , vol.74 , pp. 318-328
    • Rubin, D.B.1
  • 95
    • 10044222268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does matching overcome lalonde's critique of nonexperimental estimators?
    • J. Smith, and P. Todd Does matching overcome lalonde's critique of nonexperimental estimators? Journal of Econometrics 125 2005 305 353
    • (2005) Journal of Econometrics , vol.125 , pp. 305-353
    • Smith, J.1    Todd, P.2
  • 96
    • 0001390053 scopus 로고
    • Do robust estimators work with real data
    • S.M. Stigler Do robust estimators work with real data Annals of Statistics 5 1977 1055 1098
    • (1977) Annals of Statistics , vol.5 , pp. 1055-1098
    • Stigler, S.M.1
  • 97
    • 34848853862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inverse probability weighted estimation for general missing data problems
    • J.M. Wooldridge Inverse probability weighted estimation for general missing data problems Journal of Econometrics 141 2007 1281 1301
    • (2007) Journal of Econometrics , vol.141 , pp. 1281-1301
    • Wooldridge, J.M.1
  • 98
    • 38349048549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What did all the money do? on the general ineffectiveness of recent west German labour market programmes
    • C. Wunsch, and M. Lechner What did all the money do? on the general ineffectiveness of recent west German labour market programmes Kyklos 61 2008 134 174
    • (2008) Kyklos , vol.61 , pp. 134-174
    • Wunsch, C.1    Lechner, M.2
  • 99
    • 1842429533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using matching to estimate treatment effects: Data requirements, matching metric and a monte carlo study
    • Z. Zhao Using matching to estimate treatment effects: data requirements, matching metric and a monte carlo study The Review of Economics and Statistics 86 2004 91 107
    • (2004) The Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.86 , pp. 91-107
    • Zhao, Z.1
  • 101
    • 39049122731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of propensity score methods to the specifications
    • Z. Zhao Sensitivity of propensity score methods to the specifications Economics Letters 98 2008 309 319
    • (2008) Economics Letters , vol.98 , pp. 309-319
    • Zhao, Z.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.