Growth dynamics of hardwood stands during the precommercial thinning phase - Recovery of retained stems after competition release

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 302, Issue , 2013, Pages 264-272

  Rytter, Lars ^a  

^a THE FORESTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF SWEDEN   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Competition; Deciduous trees; Diameter growth; Green crown; Precommercial thinning

Indexed keywords

ALNUS GLUTINOSA (L.) GAERTN; COMPETITION RELEASE; DECIDUOUS TREES; DIAMETER GROWTH; GREEN CROWN; PRE-COMMERCIAL THINNING; SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES; YOUNG HARDWOOD STANDS;

COMPETITION; HARDWOODS; RECOVERY; TIMBER;

FORESTRY;

CANOPY ARCHITECTURE; DECIDUOUS TREE; DIAMETER; DOMINANCE; FOREST MANAGEMENT; FORESTRY PRACTICE; FORESTRY PRODUCTION; GROWTH RATE; STEM; THINNING;

COMPETITION; FORESTRY; GROWTH; HARDWOODS; RECOVERY; THINNING;

SWEDEN;

ALNUS; ALNUS GLUTINOSA; BETULA PENDULA; POPULUS; POPULUS TREMULA; TILIA; TILIA CORDATA;

EID: 84876794625     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.034     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Ahtikoski A., Päätalo M.-L., Niemistö P., Karhu J., Poutiainen E. Effect of alternative thinning intensities on the financial outcome in silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) stands: a case study based on long-term experiments and MOTTI stand simulations. Baltic Forestry 2004, 10:46-55.
2. Allen, R.H. Jr., Marquis, D.A., 1970. Effect of thinning on height and diameter growth of oak and yellow-poplar saplings. USDA Forest Service, Research Paper NE-173, Upper Darby, PA, 11 p.
3. Andersson S.-O. Funktioner och tabeller för kubering av småträd. [Functions and tables for measuring of small tree volumes.]. Meddelanden från Statens Skogsforskningsinstitut 1954, 44(12):1-12. (in Swedish with German summary).
4. Anonymous, 1997. Röjning, Skogsstyrelsen, Jönköping, 6 p. (in Swedish).
5. Bernardo A., Reis G.G., Reis M.G.F., Harrison R. Effect of spacing on Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. pellita and E. urophylla plantations in southeastern Brazil: Growth & biomass. Forest Ecol. Manage. 1998, 104:1-13.
6. Børset O., Langhammer A. Growth and yield in stands of grey alder (Alnus incana). Sci Rep Agric Coll Norway 1966, 45(24):35 p. (in Norwegian with English summary).
7. Braastad H. Yield tables for birch. Meddelelser fra det Norske Skogforsøksvesen 1967, 22:265-365. (in Norwegian with English summary).
8. Braastad, H., 1977. Tilvekstmodellprogram for bjørk. Norsk Institutt for Skogforskning, Ås, Rapport 1/77. (in Norwegian).
9. Brandel, G., 1990. Volume functions for individual trees. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. Forest Yield Research, Report No. 26, Garpenberg, 183 p. (in Swedish with English summary).
10. Cameron A.D. Managing birch woodlands for the production of quality timber. Forestry 1996, 69:357-371.
11. Cameron A.D. Importance of early selective thinning in the development of long-term stand stability and improved log quality: a review. Forestry 2002, 75:25-35.
12. Cameron A.D., Dunham R.A., Petty J.A. The effects of heavy thinning on stem quality and timber properties of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth). Forestry 1995, 68:275-285.
13. DeBell D.S., Harrington C.A. Productivity of Populus in monoclonal and polyclonal blocks at three spacings. Can. J. Forest Res. 1997, 27:978-985.
14. Ekö P.M., Peterssonn N., Bjerregard J. Pre-commercial thinning in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L). Results from a field trial. Forest Landsc. Res. 1995, 1:207-226.
15. Erdmann, G.G., Godman, R.M., Oberg, R.R., 1975. Crown release accelerates diameter growth and crown development of yellow birch saplings. USDA, Forest Service, Research Paper NC-117, St. Paul, MN, 9 p.
16. Eriksson, H., 1973. Tree volume functions for ash, aspen, alder and lodgepole pine in Sweden. Royal College of Forestry, Dept. Forest Yield Research, Research Notes No. 26, Stockholm, 26 p. (in Swedish with English summary).
17. Eriksson H., Johansson U., Kiviste A. A site-index model for pure and mixed stands of Betula pendula and Betula pubescens in Sweden. Scand. J. Forest Res. 1997, 12:149-156.
18. Fällman K., Ligné D., Karlsson A., Albrektson A. Stem quality and height development in a Betula-dominated stand seven years after precommercial thinning at different stump heights. Scand. J. Forest Res. 2003, 18:145-154.
19. Fries J. Yield of Betula verrucosa Ehrh. In middle Sweden and southern north Sweden. Studia Forestalia Suecica 1964, 14:1-227. (in Swedish with English summary).
20. Ginn S.E., Seiler J.R., Cazell B.H., Kreh R.E. Physiological and growth responses of eight-year-old loblolly pine stands to thinning. Forest Sci. 1991, 37:1030-1040.
21. Giordano P.A., Hibbs D.E. Morphological response to competition in red alder: the role of water. Funct. Ecol. 1993, 7:462-468.
22. Graham J.S. Thinning increases diameter growth of paper birch in the Susitna Valley, Alaska: 20 year results. North. J. Appl. Forest 1998, 15:113-115.
23. Hibbs D.E. The self-thinning rule and red alder management. Forest Ecol. Manage. 1987, 18:273-281.
24. Hibbs D.E., Emmingham W.H., Bondi M.C. Thinning red alder: effects of method and spacing. Forest Sci. 1989, 35:16-29.
25. Hilt, D.E., 1979. Diameter growth of upland oaks after thinning. USDA Forest Service, Forest Service Research Paper NE-437, Broomall, PA., 12 p.
26. Jakobsen B. Hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L.×Populus tremuloides Michx.). Det Forstlige Forsøgsvæsen i Danmark 1976, 34:317-338. in Danish with English summary.
27. Johansson T. Site index curves for European aspen (Populus tremula L.) growing on forest land of different soils in Sweden. Silva Fenn. 1996, 30:437-458.
28. Johansson T. Management of birch forest. Norw. J. Agric. Sci. 1996, 24:7-20.
29. Johansson T. Site index curves for common alder and grey alder growing on different types of forest soil in Sweden. Scand. J. Forest Res. 1999, 14:441-453.
30. Johansson T. Biomass equations for determining fractions of European aspen growing on abandoned farmland and some practical implications. Biomass Bioenergy 1999, 17:471-480.
31. Johansson T. Dry matter amounts and increment in 21- to 91-year-old common alder and grey alder and some practical implications. Can. J. Forest Res. 1999, 29:1679-1690.
32. Juodvalkis A., Kairiukstis L., Vasiliauskas R. Effects of thinning on growth of six tree species in north-temperate forests of Lithuania. Eur. J. Forest Res. 2005, 124:187-192.
33. Kikuzawa K. Self-thinning line and B-point line of the yield-density diagram in a young birch stand. Forest Ecol. Manage. 1993, 58:287-298.
34. Lonsdale W.M. The self-thinning rule: dead or alive?. Ecology 1990, 71:1373-1388.
35. Marklund, L.G., 1988. Biomass functions for pine, spruce and birch in Sweden. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. Forest Survey, Report 45, Umeå, 73 p. (in Swedish with English summary).
36. Mayor X., Rodá F. Growth response of holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) to commercial thinning in the Montseny mountains (NE Spain). Ann. Sci. Forest 1993, 50:247-256.
37. Medhurst J.L., Beadle C.L., Neilsen W.A. Early-age and later-age thinning affects growth, dominance, and intraspecific competition in Eucalyptus nitens plantations. Can. J. Forest Res. 2001, 31:187-197.
38. Miller G.W. Effect of crown growing space on the development of young hardwood crop trees. North. J. Appl. Forest 2000, 17:25-35.
39. Niemistö P. Growing density and thinning models for Betula pubescens stands on peatland in northern Finland. Folia Forest 1991, 782:36. (in Finnish with English).
40. Niemistö P. Influence of initial spacing and row-to-row distance on the growth and yield of silver birch (Betula pendula). Scand. J. Forest Res. 1995, 10:245-255.
41. Niemistö P. Yield and quality of planted silver birch (Betula pendula) in Finland - preliminary review. Norw. J. Agric. Sci. 1996, 24:51-59.
42. Oikarinen M. Growth and yield models for silver birch (Betula pendula) plantations in southern Finland. Commun. Inst. Forest Fenn. 1983, 113:28 p.
43. Opdahl H. Site-index, growth and yield in aspen (Populus tremula L.) stands in south Norway. Commun. Skogfor. 1992, 44(11):1-44. (in Norwegian with English summary).
44. Pettersson N. The effect of density after precommercial thinning on volume and structure in Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies stands. Scand. J. Forest Res. 1993, 8:528-539.
45. Pinkard E.A., Neilsen W.A. Crown and stand characteristics of Eucalyptus nitens in response to initial spacing: implications for thinning. Forest Ecol. Manage. 2003, 172:215-227.
46. Rice J.A., MacDonald G.B., Weingartner D.H. Precommercial thinning of trembling aspen in northern Ontario: Part 1 - Growth responses. Forest Chron. 2001, 77:893-901.
47. Rytter L. Effects of thinning on the obtainable biomass, stand density, and tree diameters of intensively grown grey alder plantations. Forest Ecol. Manage. 1995, 73:135-143.
48. Rytter L., Stener L. Productivity and thinning effects in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L.×P. tremuloides Michx.) stands in southern Sweden. Forestry 2005, 78:285-295.
49. Rytter, L., Werner, M., 1998. Lönsam lövskog - steg för steg. [Profitable broad-leaved forests - step by step.] The Forestry Research Institute of Sweden (SkogForsk), Handledning, Uppsala, 43 p. (in Swedish).
50. Rytter L., Werner M. Influence of early thinning in broadleaved stands on development of remaining stems. Scand. J. Forest Res. 2007, 22:198-210.
51. SAS SAS/STAT® User's Guide, Version 8 1999, vol. 1. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, 1243 p.
52. Simard S.W., Blenner-Hassett T., Cameron I.R. Pre-commercial thinning effects on growth, yield and mortality in even-aged paper birch stands in British Columbia. Forest Ecol. Manage. 2004, 190:163-178.
53. Södra, 2009. Lövskogsskötsel. [Silviculture of broadleaved stands.] Södra, Skogsavdelningen, Växjö, 20 p (in Swedish).
54. Stankova T., Shibuya M. Adaption of Hagihara's competition-density theory for practical application to natural birch stands. Forest Ecol. Manage. 2003, 186:7-20.
55. Steneker, G.A., Jarvis, J.M., 1966. Thinning in trembling aspen stands - Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Department of Forestry of Canada, Department of Forestry Publication No. 1140, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 28 p.
56. Utkin, A.I., Gul'be, Y.I. Ermolova, L.S. Kaplina, N.F., Rozhdestvensky, S.G., 1987. Primary productivity of birch, aspen, grey alder stands in Yaroslavl province (USSR) as an example of production invariability of the vegetation cover. In: Sennerby-Forsse, L., Mitchell, P. (Eds.), Proc. IUFRO Proj. Grp P1.09.00, Integrated Research in Biomass for Energy. Uppsala. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Section of Energy Forestry. pp. 29-38.
57. Varmola M., Salminen H. Timing and intensity of precommercial thinning in Pinus sylvestris stands. Scand. J. Forest Res. 2004, 19:142-151.
58. Voorhis, N.G., 1990. Precommercial crop-tree thinning in a mixed northern hardwood stand. USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Research Paper NE-640, Radnor, PA, 5 p.
59. Vuokila Y. On the growth capacity of aspen stands on good sites. Folia Forest 1977, 299:1-11. (in Finnish with English summary).
60. Ward, J.S., 1995. Intensity of precommercial crop-tree release increases diameter and crown growth in upland hardwoods. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report NE-197, Radnor, PA, pp. 388-398.
61. Zālītis T., Zālītis P. Growth of young stands of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) depending on pre-commercial thinning intensity. Baltic Forestry 2007, 13:61-67.