Evaluation of left renal vein entrapment using multidetector computed tomography

Acta Radiologica

Volumn 54, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 144-148

  Poyraz, Ahmet K ^a   Firdolas, Fatih ^a   Onur, Mehmet R ^a   Kocakoc, Ercan ^b  

^a FIRAT UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^b BEZMIALEM VAKIF UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Computed tomography; Left renal vein entrapment; Nutcracker syndrome

Indexed keywords

BLOOD VESSELS; BODY FLUIDS; MEDICAL COMPUTING;

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD; INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS; MULTI DETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIES (MDCT); NUTCRACKER SYNDROME; RENAL VEIN; SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERIES;

MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY;

CONTRAST MEDIUM;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CHILD; FEMALE; HUMAN; KIDNEY VEIN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RADIOGRAPHY; RENAL NUTCRACKER SYNDROME;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CONTRAST MEDIA; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; RENAL NUTCRACKER SYNDROME; RENAL VEINS; YOUNG ADULT;

MLCS; MLOWN;

EID: 84876704217     PISSN: 02841851     EISSN: 16000455     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1258/ar.2012.120355     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. de Schepper A. "Nutcracker" phenomenon of the renal vein and venous pathology of the left kidney. J Belge Radiol 1972;55: 507-11
2. Kurklinsky AK, Rooke TW. Nutcracker phenomenon and nutcracker syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc 2010;85: 552-9
3. Kim SH, Cho SW, Kim HD, et al. Nutcracker syndrome: diagnosis with Doppler US. Radiology 1996;198: 93-7
4. Wang L, Yi L, Yang L, et al. Diagnosis and surgical treatment of nutcracker syndrome: a single-center experience. Urology 2009;73: 871-6
5. Park SJ, Lim JW, Cho BS, et al. Nutcracker syndrome in children with orthostatic proteinuria: diagnosis on the basis of Doppler sonography. J Ultrasound Med 2002;21: 39-45
6. Ozçakar ZB, Yalçinkaya F, Fitöz S, et al. Nutcracker syndrome manifesting with severe proteinuria: a challenging scenario in a single-kidney patient. Pediatr Nephrol 2011;26: 987-90
7. Chang CT, Hung CC, Ng KK, et al. Nutcracker syndrome and left unilateral haematuria. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005;20: 460-1
8. Milani GP, Mazzoni MB, Burdick L, et al. Postural Proteinuria Associated With Left Renal Vein Entrapment: A Follow-up Evaluation. Am J Kidney Dis 2010;55:e29-31
9. Ahmed K, Sampath R, Khan MS. Current trends in the diagnosis and management of renal nutcracker syndrome: a review. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2006;31: 410-16
10. Cope C, Isard HJ. Left renal vein entrapment: a new diagnostic finding in retroperitoneal disease. Radiology 1969;92: 867-72
11. Shin JI, Lee JS, Kim MJ. The prevalence, physical characteristics and diagnosis of nutcracker syndrome [letter]. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2006;32: 335-6
12. Shin JI, Park JM, Lee JS, et al. Effect of renal Doppler ultrasound on the detection of nutcracker syndrome in children with hematuria. Eur J Pediatr 2007;166: 399-404
13. Okada M, Tsuzuki K, Ito S. Diagnosis of the nutcracker phenomenon using two-dimensional ultrasonography. Clin Nephrol 1998;49: 35-40
14. Reed MD, Friedman AC, Nealey P. Anomalies of the left renal vein: analysis of 433 CT scans. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1982;6: 1124-6
15. Satyapal KS, Rambiritch V, Pillai G. Morphometric analysis of the renal veins. Anat Rec 1995;241: 268-72
16. Coolsaet BL. Ureteric pathology in relation to right and left gonadal veins. Urology 1978;12: 40-9
17. Wendel RG, Crawford ED, Hehman KN. The "nutcracker" phenomenon: an unusual cause for renal varicosities with hematuria. J Urol 1980;123: 761-3
18. Takahashi Y, Sano A, Matsuo M. An ultrasonographic classification for diverse clinical symptoms of pediatric nutcracker phenomenon. Clin Nephrol 2005;64: 47-54
19. Dever DP, Ginsburg ME, Millet DJ, et al. Nutcracker phenomenon. Urology 1986;27: 540-2
20. Ekim M, Bakkaloglu SA, Tümer N, et al. Orthostatic proteinuria as a result of venous compression (nutcracker phenomenon): a hypothesis testable with modern imaging techniques. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999;14: 826-7
21. Ekim M, Ozçakar ZB, Fitoz S, et al. The "nutcracker phenomenon" with orthostatic proteinuria: case reports. Clin Nephrol 2006;65: 280-3
22. Beinart C, Sniderman KW, Saddekni S, et al. Left renal vein hypertension: a cause of occult hematuria. Radiology 1982;145: 647-50
23. Stewart BH, Reiman G. Left renal venous hypertension " nutcracker" syndrome: managed by direct renocaval reimplantation. Urology 1982;20: 365-9
24. Ha TS, Lee EJ. ACE inhibition can improve orthostatic proteinuria associated with nutcracker syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2006;21: 1765-8
25. Yoshioka T, Mitarai T, Kon V, et al. Role of angiotensin II in an overt functional proteinuria. Kidney Int 1986;30: 538-45
26. Shintaku N, Takahashi Y, Akaishi K, et al. Entrapment of left renal vein in children with orthostatic proteinuria. Pediatr Nephrol 1990;4: 324-7
27. Tanaka H, Waga S. Spontaneous remission of persistent severe hematuria in an adolescent with nutcracker syndrome: seven years' observation. Clin Exp Nephrol 2004;8:68-70