Phytophthora ramorum-A pathogen linking network epidemiology, landscape pathology and conservation biogeography

CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources

Volumn 8, Issue , 2013, Pages

  Pautasso, Marco ^a,b  

^a CNRS   (France)

^b Domain du Petit Arbois   (France)

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Interdisciplinarity; Landscape epidemiology; Larix kaempferi; Plant disease epidemiology; Small world networks; Sudden oak death

Indexed keywords

CAMELLIA; LARIX; LARIX KAEMPFERI; OOMYCETES; PHYTOPHTHORA; PHYTOPHTHORA RAMORUM; RHODODENDRON;

EID: 84876556539     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17498848     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1079/PAVSNNR20138024     Document Type: Review

References (163)

1. Werres S, Marwitz R, Veld W, De Cock A, Bonants PJM, De Weerdt M, et al. Phytophthora ramorum sp. nov., a new pathogen on Rhododendron and Viburnum. Mycological Research 2001;105:1155-65.
2. Brasier CM, Webber J. Sudden larch death. Nature 2010;466:824-5.
3. Rizzo DM, Garbelotto M. Sudden oak death: endangering California and Oregon forest ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2003;1:197-204.
4. Grǔnwald NJ, Garbelotto M, Goss EM, Heungens K, Prospero S. Emergence of the sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum. Trends in Microbiology 2012;20:131-8.
5. Webber JF, Mullet M, Brasier CM. Dieback and mortality of plantation Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) associated with infection by Phytophthora ramorum. New Disease Reports 2010;22:19.
6. Rizzo DM, Garbelotto M, Hansen EM. Phytophthora ramorum: integrative research and management of an emerging pathogen in California and Oregon forests. Annual Review of Phytopathology 2005;43:309-45.
7. Grǔnwald NJ, Goss EM, Press CM. Phytophthora ramorum: a pathogen with a remarkably wide host range causing sudden oak death on oaks and ramorum blight on woody ornamentals. Molecular Plant Pathology 2008;9:729-40.
8. Kaminski K, Wagner S. In vitro inoculation studies for estimating the susceptibility of ornamental plants to Phytophthora ramorum. Journal of Phytopathology 2008;156:480-6.
9. Ivors K, Garbelotto M, Vries IDE, Ruyter-Spira C, Hekkert BT, Rosenzweig N, et al. Microsatellite markers identify three lineages of Phytophthora ramorum in US nurseries, yet single lineages in US forest and European nursery populations. Molecular Ecology 2006;15:1493-505.
10. Brasier CM. The biosecurity threat to the UK and global environment from international trade in plants. Plant Pathology 2008;57:792-808.
11. EFSA PLH Panel. Scientific opinion on the pest risk analysis on Phytophthora ramorum. EFSA Journal 2011;9:2186.
12. Mascheretti S, Croucher PJP, Kozanitas M, Baker L, Garbelotto M. Genetic epidemiology of the sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum in California. Molecular Ecology 2009;18:4577-90.
13. Goss EM, Larsen M, Chastagner GA, Givens DR, Grǔnwald NJ. Population genetic analysis infers migration pathways of Phytophthora ramorum in US nurseries. PLoS Pathogens 2009;5:e1000583.
14. Sansford CE, Inman AJ, Baker R, Brasier C, Frankel S, de Gruyter J,et al. Report on the risk of entry, establishment, spread and socio-economic loss and environmental impact and the appropriate level of management for Phytophthora ramorum for the EU. EU Sixth Framework Project RAPRA Deliverable Report 28, 2009. p. 311.
15. Hansen EM, Kanaskie A, Prospero S, McWilliams M, Goheen EM, Osterbauer N, et al. Epidemiology of Phytophthora ramorum in Oregon tan oak forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 2008;38:1133-43.
16. Kanaskie A, Hansen E, Goheen EM, Osterbauer N, McWilliams M, Laine J, et al. Progress of the Phytophthora ramorum eradication programme in south-western Oregon forests, 2001-2009. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 2011;41:S169-75.
17. Dart NL, Chastagner GA. Estimated economic losses associated with the destruction of plants due to Phytophthora ramorum quarantine efforts in Washington State. Plant Health Progress 2007;online only. doi:10.1094/PHP-2007- 0508-02-RS.
18. Vercauteren A, Riedel M, Maes M, Werres S, Heungens K. Survival of Phytophthora ramorum in Rhododendron root balls and in rootless substrates. Plant Pathology 2013;62:166-76.
19. Alexander J, Lee CE. Lessons learned from a decade of sudden oak death in California: evaluating local management. Environmental Management 2010;46:315-28.
20. Goss EM, Larsen M, Vercauteren A, Werres S, Heungens K, Grǔnwald NJ. Phytophthora ramorum in Canada: evidence for migration within North America and from Europe. Phytopathology 2011;101:166-71.
21. Van Poucke K, Franceschini S, Webber JF, Vercauteren A, Turner JA, McCracken AR, et al. Discovery of a fourth evolutionary lineage of Phytophthora ramorum: EU2. Fungal Biology 2012;116:1178-91.
22. Rizzo DM, Garbelotto M, Davidson JM, Slaughter GW, Koike ST. Phytophthora ramorum as the cause of extensive mortality of Quercus spp. and Lithocarpus densiflorus in California. Plant Disease 2002;86:205-14.
23. Davidson JM, Werres S, Garbelotto M, Hansen EM. Sudden oak death and associated diseases caused by Phytophthora ramorum. Plant Health Progress 2003;online only. doi:10.1094/PHP-2003-0703-01-DG.
24. Appiah AA, Jennings P, Turner JA. Phytophthora ramorum: one pathogen and many diseases, an emerging threat to forest ecosystems and ornamental plant life. Mycologist 2004;18:145-50.
25. Garbelotto M, Rizzo DM. A California-based chronological review (1995-2004) of research on Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 2005;44:127-43.
26. Venette RC, Cohen SD. Potential climatic suitability for establishment of Phytophthora ramorum within the contiguous United States. Forest Ecology and Management 2006;231:18-26.
27. Kluza DA, Vieglais DA, Andreasen JK, Peterson AT. Sudden oak death: geographic risk estimates and predictions of origins. Plant Pathology 2007;56:580-7.
28. Frankel SJ. Sudden oak death and Phytophthora ramorum in the USA: a management challenge. Australasian Plant Pathology 2008;37:19-25.
29. Jeger MJ, Pautasso M. Comparative epidemiology of zoosporic plant pathogens. European Journal of Plant Pathology 2008;122:111-26.
30. Parke JL, Lucas S. Sudden oak death and ramorum blight. Plant Health Instructor 2008;online only. doi:10.1094/PHI-I- 2008-0227-01.
31. Grǔnwald NJ, Goss EM. Evolution and genetics of the invasive sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum. In: Lamour K, Kamoun S, editors. Oomycete Genetics and Genomics: Biology, Interactions with Plants and Animals, and Toolbox. John Wiley & Sons, New York; 2009. p. 179-96.
32. Grǔnwald NJ, Goss EM, Ivors K, Garbelotto M, Martin FN, Prospero S. Standardizing the nomenclature for clonal lineages of the sudden oak death pathogen, Phytophthora ramorum. Phytopathology 2009;99:792-5.
33. Goss EM, Carbone I, Grǔnwald NJ. Ancient isolation and independent evolution of the three clonal lineages of the exotic sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum. Molecular Ecology 2009;18:1161-74.
34. Sundheim L, Herrero ML, Rafoss T, Toppe B. Pest risk assessment of Phytophthora ramorum in Norway. Opinion of the Panel on Plant Health of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety, 12 October 2009. p. 74.
35. Tracy DR. Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae: the woodland perspective. EPPO Bulletin 2009;39:161-7.
36. Kliejunas JT. Sudden Oak Death and Phytophthora ramorum: A Summary of the Literature. PSW-GTR-234. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, CA; 2010. p. 181.
37. Grǔnwald NJ, Goss EM. Evolution and population genetics of exotic and re-emerging pathogens: novel tools and approaches. Annual Review of Phytopathology 2011;49:249-67.
38. Parke JL, Rizzo DM. Phytophthora ramorum. Forest Phytophthoras 2011;1:1. online only, doi:10.5399/osu/fp.1.1.1821.
39. Alexander J. The past, present, and future of sudden oak death. Outlooks on Pest Management 2012;23:72-6.
40. Garbelotto M, Hayden KJ. Sudden oak death: interactions of the exotic oomycete Phytophthora ramorum with nai?ve North American hosts. Eukaryotic Cell 2012;11:1313-23.
41. Bunnell F, Kremsater LL. Migrating like a herd of cats - climate change and emerging forests in British Columbia. British Columbia Journal of Ecosystem Management 2012;13:1-24.
42. Hansen EM, Reeser PW, Sutton W. Phytophthora beyond agriculture. Annual Review of Phytopathology 2012;50:359-78.
43. Lee CA, Alexander JM, Frankel SJ, Valachovic Y. Evolution of an invasive species research program and implications for large-scale management of a non-native, invasive plant pathogen. Environment and Natural Resources Research 2012;2:99-111.
44. Martin FN, Abad G, Balci Y, Ivors K. Identification and detection of Phytophthora: reviewing our progress, identifying our needs. Plant Disease 2012;96:1080-103.
45. Philibert A, Desprez-Loustau M-L, Fabre B, Frey P, Halkett F, Husson C, et al. Predicting invasion success of forest pathogenic fungi from species traits. Journal of Applied Ecology 2011;48:1381-90.
46. Oleś K, Gudowska-Nowak E, Kleczkowski A. Understanding disease control: influence of epidemiological and economic factors. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e36026.
47. MacLeod A, Pautasso M, Jeger MJ, Haines-Young R. Evolution of the international regulation of plant pests, plant health and challenges for the future. Food Security 2010;2:49-70.
48. Jeger M, Pautasso M, Stack J. Climate, globalization and trade: impacts on dispersal and invasion of fungal plant pathogens. In: Olsen LA, Relman DA, Choffnes ER, Pray L, editors. Fungal Diseases: An Emerging Challenge to Human, Animal and Plant Health. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, Washington, DC; 2011. p. 273-95.
49. Dehnen-Schmutz K, Touza J, Perrings C, Williamson M. A century of the ornamental plant trade and its impact on invasion success. Diversity and Distributions 2007;13:527-34.
50. Moslonka-Lefebvre M, Finley A, Dorigatti I, Dehnen-Schmutz K, Harwood T, Jeger MJ, et al. Networks in plant epidemiology: from genes to landscapes, countries and continents. Phytopathology 2011;101:392-403.
51. Leung B, Roura-Pascual N, Bacher S, Heikkilǎ J, Brotons L, Burgman MA, et al. TEASIng apart alien species risk assessments: a framework for best practices. Ecology Letters 2012;15:475-93.
52. Sutton W, Hansen EM, Reeser PW, Kanaskie A. Stream monitoring for detection of Phytophthora ramorum in Oregon tan oak forests. Plant Disease 2009;93:1182-6.
53. Kong P, Lea-Cox JD, Moorman GW, Hong C. Survival of Phytophthora alni, Phytophthora kernoviae, and Phytophthora ramorum in a simulated aquatic environment at different levels of pH. FEMS Microbiology Letters 2012;332:540-60.
54. Barberá n A, Bates ST, Casamayor EO, Fierer N. Using network analysis to explore co-occurrence patterns in soil microbial communities. ISME Journal 2011;6:343-51.
55. Arinaminpathy N, Kapadia S, May RM. Size and complexity in model financial systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012;109:18338-43.
56. Capobianco E. Dynamic networks in systems medicine. Frontiers in Genetics 2012;3:185.
57. Jeger MJ, Pautasso M, Holdenrieder O, Shaw MW. Modelling disease spread and control in networks: implications for plant sciences. New Phytologist 2007;174:179-97.
58. Garrett KA. Information networks for disease: commonalities in human management networks and within-host signalling networks. European Journal of Plant Pathology 2012;133:75-88.
59. Pautasso M, Jeger MJ. Epidemic threshold and network structure: the interplay of probability of transmission and of persistence in small-size directed networks. Ecological Complexity 2008;5:1-8.
60. Moslonka-Lefebvre M, Harwood T, Jeger MJ, Pautasso M. SIS along a continuum epidemiological modelling and control of diseases on directed trade networks. Mathematical Biosciences 2012;236:44-52.
61. Woolhouse MEJ, Shaw DJ, Matthews L, Liu WC, Mellor DJ, Thomas MR. Epidemiological implications of the contact network structure for cattle farms and the 20-80 rule. Biology Letters 2005;1:350-2.
62. Moslonka-Lefebvre M, Pautasso M, Jeger MJ. Disease spread in small-size directed networks: epidemic threshold, correlation between links to and from nodes, and clustering. Journal of Theoretical Biology 2009;260:402-11.
63. Pautasso M, Xu XM, Jeger MJ, Harwood T, Moslonka- Lefebvre M, Pellis L. Disease spread in small-size directed trade networks: the role of hierarchical categories. Journal of Applied Ecology 2010;47:1300-9.
64. Pautasso M, Moslonka-Lefebvre M, Jeger MJ. The number of links to and from the starting node as a predictor of epidemic size in small-size directed networks. Ecological Complexity 2010;7:424-32.
65. Margosian ML, Garrett KA, Hutchinson JMS, With KA. Connectivity of the American agricultural landscape: assessing the national risk of crop pest and disease spread. BioScience 2009;59:141-51.
66. Sutrave S, Scoglio C, Isard SA, Hutchinson JMS, Garrett KA. Identifying highly connected counties compensates for resource limitations when evaluating national spread of an invasive pathogen. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e37793.
67. Castello JD, Leopold DJ, Smallidge PJ. Pathogens, patterns, and processes in forest ecosystems. BioScience 1995;45:16-24.
68. Holdenrieder O, Pautasso M, Weisberg PJ, Lonsdale D. Tree diseases and landscape processes: the challenge of landscape pathology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 2004;19:446-52.
69. Plantegenest M, Le May C, Fabre F. Landscape epidemiology of plant diseases. Interface 2007;4:963-72.
70. Meentemeyer RK, Haas SE, Václavík T. Landscape epidemiology of emerging infectious diseases in natural and human-altered ecosystems. Annual Reviews of Phytopathology 2012;50:379-402.
71. Hess GR. Conservation corridors and contagious disease: a cautionary note. Conservation Biology 1994;8:256-62.
72. Ellis AM, Václavík T, Meentemeyer RK. When is connectivity important? A case study of the spatial pattern of sudden oak death. Oikos 2010;119:485-93.
73. Pautasso M, Dehnen-Schmutz K, Ilbery B, Jeger MJ, Jones G, Little R, et al. Plant health challenges for a sustainable land use and rural economy. CAB Reviews 2012;7:63.
74. Davidson JM, Patterson HA, Wickland AC, Fichtner EJ, Rizzo DM. Forest type influences transmission of Phytophthora ramorum in California oak woodlands. Phytopathology 2011;101:492-501.
75. Filipe JAN, Cobb RC, Meentemeyer RK, Lee CA, Valachovic YS, Cook AR, et al. Landscape epidemiology and control of pathogens with cryptic and long-distance dispersal: sudden oak death in northern Californian forests. PLoS Computational Biology 2012;8:e1002328.
76. Skelsey P, With KA, Garrett KA. Why dispersal should be maximized at intermediate scales of heterogeneity. Theoretical Ecology 2013;in press. doi:10.1007/s12080-012- 0171-3.
77. Grousset F, Petter F, Suffert M, Roy AS. EPPO study on the risk of imports of plants for planting: description and details of the first outcomes. EPPO Bulletin 2012;42:185-90.
78. Kaminski K, Beckers F, Unger J-G. Global internet trade of plants - legality and risks. EPPO Bulletin 2012;42:171-5.
79. Pautasso M, Aistara G, Barnaud A, Caillon S, Clouvel P, Coomes OT, et al. Seed exchange networks for agrobiodiversity conservation. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 2013;33:151-75.
80. Prospero S, Grǔnwald NJ, Winton LM, Hansen EM. Migration patterns of the emerging plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum on the West Coast of the United States of America. Phytopathology 2009;99:739-49.
81. Václavík T, Kanaskie A, Hansen EM, Ohmann JL, Meentemeyer RK. Predicting potential and actual distribution of sudden oak death in Oregon: prioritizing landscape contexts for early detection and eradication of disease outbreaks. Forest Ecology and Management 2010;260:1026-35.
82. Harwood TD, Xu XM, Pautasso M, Jeger MJ, Shaw MW. Epidemiological risk assessment using linked network and grid based modelling: Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae in the UK. Ecological Modelling 2009;220:3353-61.
83. Xu XM, Harwood TD, Pautasso M, Jeger MJ. Spatiotemporal analysis of an invasive plant pathogen (Phytophthora ramorum) in England and Wales. Ecography 2009;32:504-16.
84. Chadfield V, Pautasso M. Phytophthora ramorum in England and Wales: which environmental variables predict county disease incidencě Forest Pathology 2012;42:150-9.
85. Purse BV, Graeser P, Searle K, Edwards C, Harris C. Challenges in predicting invasive reservoir hosts of emerging pathogens: mapping Rhododendron ponticum as a foliar host for Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae in the UK. Biological Invasions 2013;15:529-45.
86. Moritz MA, Odion DC. Examining the strength and possible causes of the relationship between fire history and sudden oak death. Oecologia 2005;144:106-14.
87. Meentemeyer RK, Cunniffe NJ, Cook AR, Filipe JAN, Hunter RD, Rizzo DM, et al. Epidemiological modeling of invasion in heterogeneous landscapes: spread of sudden oak death in California (1990-2030). Ecosphere 2011;2:17.
88. Ramage BS, Forrestel AB, Moritz MA, O'Hara KL. Sudden oak death disease progression across two forest types and spatial scales. Journal of Vegetation Science 2012;23:151-63.
89. Meentemeyer RK, Rank NE, Anacker BL, Rizzo DM, Cushman JH. Influence of land-cover change on the spread of an invasive forest pathogen. Ecological Applications 2008;18:159-71.
90. Václavík T, Meentemeyer RK. Invasive species distribution modeling (iSDM): are absence data and dispersal constraints needed to predict actual distributions? Ecological Modelling 2009;220:3248-58.
91. Václavík T, Meentemeyer RK. Equilibrium or not? Modelling potential distribution of invasive species in different stages of invasion. Diversity and Distributions 2012;18:73-83.
92. Václavík T, Kupfer JA, Meentemeyer RK. Accounting for multi-scale spatial autocorrelation improves performance of invasive species distribution modelling (iSDM). Journal of Biogeography 2012;39:42-55.
93. Hansen EM. Disease and diversity in forest ecosystems. Australasian Plant Pathology 1999;28:313-9.
94. Pautasso M, Holdenrieder O, Stenlid J. Susceptibility to fungal pathogens of forests differing in tree diversity. In: Scherer-Lorenzen M, Koerner Ch, Schulze D, editors. Forest Diversity and Function. Springer, Berlin; 2005. p. 263-89.
95. Keesing F, Belden LK, Daszak P, Dobson A, Harvell CD, Holt RD, et al. Impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases. Nature 2010;468:647-52.
96. Haas SE, Hooten MB, Rizzo DM, Meentemeyer RK. Forest species diversity reduces disease risk in a generalist plant pathogen invasion. Ecology Letters 2011;14:1108-16.
97. Metz MR, Frangioso KM, Wickland AC, Meentemeyer RK, Rizzo DM. An emergent disease causes directional changes in forest species composition in coastal California. Ecosphere 2012;3:86.
98. Ayres MP, Lombardero MJ. Assessing the consequences of global change for forest disturbance from herbivores and pathogens. Science of the Total Environment 2000;262:263-86.
99. Anderson PK, Cunningham AA, Patel NG, Morales FJ, Epstein PR, Daszak P. Emerging infectious diseases of plants: pathogen pollution, climate change and agrotechnology drivers. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 2004;19:535-44.
100. Pautasso M, Do ring TF, Garbelotto M, Pellis L, Jeger MJ. Impacts of climate change on plant diseases - opinions and trends. European Journal of Plant Pathology 2012;133:295-313.
101. Lonsdale D, Pautasso M, Holdenrieder O. Wood-decaying fungi in the forest: conservation needs and management options. European Journal of Forest Research 2008;127:1-22.
102. Ostry ME, Laflamme G. Fungi and diseases - natural components of healthy forests. Botany 2009;87:22-5.
103. Ranius T, Roberge J-M. Effects of intensified forestry on the landscape-scale extinction risk of dead wood dependent species. Biodiversity and Conservation 2011;20:2867-82.
104. Cobb RC, Chan MN, Meentemeyer RK, Rizzo DM. Common factors drive disease and coarse woody debris dynamics in forests impacted by sudden oak death. Ecosystems 2012;15:242-55.
105. Lamsal S, Cobb RC, Cushman JH, Meng Q, Rizzo DM, Meentemeyer RK. Spatial estimation of the density and carbon content of host populations for Phytophthora ramorum in California and Oregon. Forest Ecology and Management 2011;262:289-98.
106. Hayden KJ, Nettel A, Dodd RS, Garbelotto M. Will all the trees fall? Variable resistance to an introduced forest disease in a highly susceptible host. Forest Ecology and Management 2011;261:1781-91.
107. Ramage BS, O'Hara KL, Forrestel AB. Forest transformation resulting from an exotic pathogen: regeneration and tan oak mortality in coast redwood stands affected by sudden oak death. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 2011;41:763-72.
108. Monahan WB, Koenig WD. Estimating the potential effects of sudden oak death on oak-dependent birds. Biological Conservation 2006;127:146-57.
109. Shuttleworth CM, Lurz PWW, Geddes N, Browne J. Integrating red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) habitat requirements with the management of pathogenic tree disease in commercial forests in the UK. Forest Ecology and Management 2012;279:167-75.
110. Cobb RC, Filipe JAN, Meentemeyer RK, Gilligan CA, Rizzo DM. Ecosystem transformation by emerging infectious disease: loss of large tan oak from California forests. Journal of Ecology 2012;100:712-22.
111. Beh MM, Metz MR, Frangioso KM, Rizzo DM. The key host for an invasive forest pathogen also facilitates the pathogen's survival of wildfire in California forests. New Phytologist 2012;196:1145-54.
112. Valachovic YS, Lee CA, Scanlon H, Varner JM, Glebocki R, Graham BD, et al. Sudden oak death-caused changes to surface fuel loading and potential fire behavior in Douglasfir- tan oak forests. Forest Ecology and Management 2011;261:1973-86.
113. Metz MR, Frangioso KM, Meentemeyer RK, Rizzo DM. Interacting disturbances: wildfire severity affected by stage of forest disease invasion. Ecological Applications 2011;21:313-20.
114. Swei A, Ostfeld RS, Lane RS, Briggs CJ. Effects of an invasive forest pathogen on abundance of ticks and their vertebrate hosts in a California Lyme disease focus. Oecologia 2011;166:91-100.
115. Swei A, Briggs CJ, Lane RS, Ostfeld RS. Impacts of an introduced forest pathogen on the risk of Lyme disease in California. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 2012;12:623-32.
116. Cushman JH, Meentemeyer RK. Multi-scale patterns of human activity and the incidence of an exotic forest pathogen. Journal of Ecology 2008;96:766-76.
117. Magarey RD, Fowler GA, Borchert DM, Sutton TB, Colunga-Garcia M. NAPPFAST: an internet system for the weather-based mapping of plant pathogens. Plant Disease 2007;91:336-45.
118. Vettraino AM, Ceccarelli B, Vannini A. Susceptibility of some Italian ornamental and forestry species to Phytophthora ramorum. In: Phytophthoras in Forests and Natural Ecosystems. Proceedings of the Fourth Meeting of IUFRO Working Party S07.02.09, PSW-GTR-221. 2009. p. 137-9.
119. Ireland KB, Hǔberli D, Dell B, Smith IW, Rizzo DM, Hardy GEStJ. Potential susceptibility of Australian native plant species to branch dieback and bole canker diseases caused by Phytophthora ramorum. Plant Pathology 2012;61:234-46.
120. Ireland KB, Hǔberli D, Dell B, Smith IW, Rizzo DM, Hardy GEStJ. Potential susceptibility of Australian flora to a NA2 isolate of Phytophthora ramorum and pathogen sporulation potential. Forest Pathology 2012;42:305-20.
121. Brasier CM, Vettraino AM, Chang TT, Vannini A. Phytophthora lateralis discovered in an old growth Chamaecyparis forest in Taiwan. Plant Pathology 2010;59:595-603.
122. Garbelotto M, Pautasso M. Impacts of exotic forest pathogens on Mediterranean ecosystems: four case studies. European Journal of Plant Pathology 2012;133:101-16.
123. Albrecht GA, Brooke C, Bennett DH, Garnett ST. The ethics of assisted colonization in the age of anthropogenic climate change. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 2013;in press. doi:10.1007/s10806-012-9411-1.
124. Jenerette GD, Shen W. Experimental landscape ecology. Landscape Ecology 2012;27:1237-48.
125. Ledig FT, Rehfeldt GE, Jaquish B. Projections of suitable habitat under climate change scenarios: implications for trans-boundary assisted colonization. American Journal of Botany 2012;99:1217-30.
126. Goudet M, Piou D. La chalarose du frê ne: que sait-on? Revue Forestiére Franç aise 2012;64:27-40.
127. Webber J, Hendry S. Rapid Assessment of the Need for a Detailed Pest Risk Analysis for Chalara fraxinea. Forest Research, UK; 2012. Available from: URL: http://www.fera.defra.gov.uk/plants/plantHealth/pestsDiseases/documents/ chalaraFraxinea.pdf.
128. Jo nsson MT, Thor G. Estimating coextinction risks from epidemic tree death: affiliate lichen communities among diseased host tree populations of Fraxinus excelsior. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e45701.
129. Pautasso M, Aas G, Queloz V, Holdenrieder O. European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) dieback - a conservation biology challenge. Biological Conservation 2013;158:137-49.
130. Aukema JE, McCullough DG, Von Holle B, Liebhold AM, Britton K, Frankel SJ. Historical accumulation of nonindigenous forest pests in the continental United States. BioScience 2010;60:886-97.
131. Dehnen-Schmutz K, Holdenrieder O, Jeger MJ, Pautasso M. Structural change in the international horticultural industry: some implications for plant health. Scientia Horticulturae 2010;125:1-15.
132. Santini A, Ghelardini L, De Pace C, Desprez-Loustau ML, Capretti P, Chandelier A, et al. Biogeographical patterns and determinants of invasion by forest pathogens in Europe. New Phytologist 2013;197:238-50.
133. Townsend Peterson A. Biogeography of diseases: a framework for analysis. Naturwissenschaften 2008;95:483-91.
134. Pautasso M, Dehnen-Schmutz K, Holdenrieder O, Pietravalle S, Salama N, Jeger MJ, et al.Plant health and global change - some implications for landscape management. Biological Reviews 2010;85:729-55.
135. Roche B, Gué gan J-F. Ecosystem dynamics, biological diversity and emerging infectious diseases. Comptes Rendus Biologies 2011;334:385-92.
136. Brooks CP, Antonovics J, Keitt TH. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity explain disease dynamics in a spatially explicit network model. American Naturalist 2008;172:149-59.
137. Moslonka-Lefebvre M, Pautasso M. Generation and comparative topological analysis of small-size directed networks. In: Stevenson K, Jeger MJ, editors. Exercises in Plant Disease Epidemiology. 2nd ed. APS Press, Minneapolis, USA; 2013. in press.
138. Rebaudo F, Dangles O. An agent-based modeling framework for integrated pest management dissemination programs. Environmental Modelling and Software 2013;in press. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.06.014.
139. Kupfer JA. Landscape ecology and biogeography: rethinking landscape metrics in a post-FRAGSTATS landscape. Progress in Physical Geography 2012;36:400-20.
140. Pautasso M. Controlling for spatial autocorrelation in models of plant disease incidence as a function of environmental variables. In: Stevenson K, Jeger MJ, editors. Exercises in Plant Disease Epidemiology. 2nd ed. APS Press, Minneapolis, USA; 2013; in press.
141. Venette RC. Implication of global climate change on the distribution and activity of Phytophthora ramorum. In: McManus K, Gottschalk KW, editors. Proceedings 20th U.S. Department of Agriculture Interagency Research Forum on Invasive Species 2009. USDA FS, GTR NRS-P-51, pp. 58-9.
142. Laine A-L, Burdon JJ, Dodds PN, Thrall PH. Spatial variation in disease resistance: from molecules to metapopulations. Journal of Ecology 2011;99:96-112.
143. Wilds SP. Gradient analysis of the distribution of a fungal disease of Cornus florida in the southern Appalachian Mountains, Tennessee. Journal of Ecology 1997;8:811-8.
144. Sullivan LL, Johnson BL, Brudvig LA, Haddad NM. Can dispersal mode predict corridor effects on plant parasites? Ecology 2011;92:1559-64.
145. Lundquist JE, Klopfenstein NB. Integrating concepts of landscape ecology with the molecular biology of forest pathogens. Forest Ecology and Management 2001;150:213-22.
146. Bendel M, Kienast F, Rigling D. Genetic population structure of three Armillaria species at the landscape scale: a case study from Swiss Pinus mugo forests. Mycological Research 2006;110:705-12.
147. Anacker BL, Rank NE, Hǔberli D, Garbelotto M, Gordon S, Harnik T, et al. Susceptibility to Phytophthora ramorum in a key infectious host: landscape variation in host genotype, host phenotype, and environmental factors. New Phytologist 2008;177:756-66.
148. Dutech C, Barres B, Bridier J, Robin C, Milgroom MG, Ravigne V. The chestnut blight fungus world tour: successive introduction events from diverse origins in an invasive plant fungal pathogen. Molecular Ecology 2012;21:3931-46.
149. Xhaard C, Barres B, Andrieux A, Bousset L, Halkett F, Frey P. Disentangling the genetic origins of a plant pathogen during disease spread using an original molecular epidemiology approach. Molecular Ecology 2012;21:2383-98.
150. Pautasso M. Responding to diseases caused by exotic tree pathogens. In: Nicolotti G, Gonthier P, editors. Infectious Forest Diseases. CABI, Wallingford; 2013. in press. 151. McRoberts N, Hall C, Madden LV, Hughes G. Perceptions of disease risk: from social construction of subjective judgements to rational decision making. Phytopathology 2011;101:654-65.
151. Mills P, Dehnen-Schmutz K, Ilbery B, Jeger M, Jones G, Little R, et al. Integrating natural and social science perspectives on plant disease risk, management and policy formulation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 2011;366:2035-44.
152. Liebhold AM. Forest pest management in a changing world. International Journal of Pest Management 2012;58:289-95.
153. Loo JA. Ecological impacts of non-indigenous invasive fungi as forest pathogens. Biological Invasions 2009;11:81-96.
154. Gurr S, Samalova M, Fisher M. The rise and rise of emerging infectious fungi challenges food security and ecosystem health. Fungal Biology Reviews 2011;25:181-8.
155. Stenlid J, Oliva J, Boberge JB, Hopkins AJM. Emerging diseases in European forest ecosystems and responses in society. Forests 2011;2:486-504.
156. Dixon GR. Climate change - impact on crop growth and food production, and plant pathogens. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 2012;34:362-79.
157. Juroszek P, von Tiedemann A. Plant pathogens, insect pests and weeds in a changing global climate: a review of approaches, challenges, research gaps, key studies and concepts. Journal of Agricultural Science 2013;151:163-88.
158. Sturrock R. Climate change and forest diseases: using today's knowledge to address future challenges. Forest Systems 2012;21:329-36.
159. Blennow K, Persson J, Tomé M, Hanewinkel M. Climate change: believing and seeing implies adapting. PLoS One 2012;7:e50182.
160. Britton KO, Liebhold AM. One world, many pathogens! New Phytologist 2013;197:9-10.
161. Rist L, Campbell BM, Frost P. Adaptive management: where are we now? Environmental Conservation 2013;40:5-18.
162. Westgate MJ, Likens GE, Lindenmayer DB. Adaptive management of biological systems: a review. Biological Conservation 2013;158:128-39.
163. Notaro S, De Salvo M. Estimating the economic benefits of the landscape function of ornamental trees in a sub- Mediterranean area. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 2010;9:71-81.