Multichannel synthetic aperture radar signatures and imaging of a moving target

Inverse Problems

Volumn 29, Issue 5, 2013, Pages

  Jao, Jen King ^a   Yegulalp, Ali ^b  

^a MIT LINCOLN LABORATORY   (United States)

^b not available   (Ireland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTENNA ARRAYS; DIRECTIONAL PATTERNS (ANTENNA); DIRECTIVE ANTENNAS; MATHEMATICAL TRANSFORMATIONS; MOTION ESTIMATION; RADAR ANTENNAS; SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR;

ADAPTIVE IMAGE PROCESSING; ANTENNA ARRAY ELEMENTS; CONSTANT VELOCITIES; DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA; FOCAL POSITIONS; GEOMETRIC TRANSFORMATIONS; RADAR VELOCITIES; SPECTRAL SIGNATURE;

RADAR IMAGING;

EID: 84876545486     PISSN: 02665611     EISSN: 13616420     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0266-5611/29/5/054009     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Davis M E 2011 Foliage Penetration Radar: Detection and Characterization of Objects Under Trees (Rayleigh, NC: SciTech Publishing)
2. Toups M E, Ayasli S and Fleschman J G 1996 Foliage penetration experiment: part II. Analysis of foliage-induced synthetic pattern distortion IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 32 145-55 (Pubitemid 126779875)
3. Fleischman J G, Worris M A, Ayasli S, Adams E M and Gosselin D R 1996 Foliage penetration experiment: part III. Multichannel whitening of SAR imagery IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 32 156-64
4. Bessette L A, Cooks S M and Ayasli S 1999 P-3 Ultra-wideband SAR, Grayling, Michigan: target and clutter phenomenology Proc. IEEE Radar Conf. pp 125-9
5. Hellsten H, Frolind P, Gustavsson A, Johsson T, Larson B, Stenstrom G, Binder B, Mirkin M I and Ayasli S 1994 Ultra-wideband VHF SAR - design and measurements Proc. SPIE 2217 16-25
6. Hellsten H, Ulander L M H, Gustavsson A and Larson B 1996 Development of VHF CARABAS II SAR Proc. SPIE 2747 48-60
7. Sheen D R, Shackman S J, Vandenberg N L, Wiseman D L, Elenbogen L P and Rawson R F 1996 The P-3 ultra-wideband SAR: description and examples Proc. IEEE Natl Radar Conf. (Ann Arbor, MI, 13-16 May) pp 50-53
8. Soumekh M 1995 Reconnaissance with ultra wideband UHF synthetic aperture radar IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 12 21-40
9. Ender J H G 1994 Signal processing for multi-channel SAR applied to the experimental SAR system AER Proc. Int. Conf. on Radar (Paris,) pp 220-5
10. Ender J H G, Berens P, Brenner A R, Rossing L and Skupin U 2002 Multichannel SAR/MTI system development at FGAN: From AER To PAMIR IGARSS'02: Proc. IEEE Int. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symp (Toronto,) pp 1697-701 (Pubitemid 35228820)
11. Ender J H G and Brenner A R 2003 PAMIR - A wideband phase array SAR/GMTI system IEE Proc., Radar Sonar Navig. 150 165-72
12. Brenner A and Ender J H G 2006 Demonstration of advanced reconnaissance techniques with the airborne SAR/GMTI sensor PAMIR Proc. Inst. Electr. Eng. 163 152-62
13. Scarborough S M, Casteel C H Jr, Gorham L, Minardi M J, Majumder U K, Judge M G, Zelnio E and Bryant M 2009 A challenge problem for SAR-based GMTI in urban environments Proc. SPIE 7337 73370G
14. Livingstone C E, Sikaneta I, Gierull C H, Chiu S, Beaudoin A, Campbell J, Beaudoin J, Gong S and Knight T A 2002 An airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) experiment to support RADARSAT-2 ground moving target indication (GMTI) Can. J. Remote Sens. 28 794-813
15. Cerutti-Maori D, Sikaneta I and Gierull C H 2012 Optimum SAR/GMTI processing and its application to the radar satellite RADARSAT-2 for traffic monitoring IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 50 3868-81
16. Raney R K 1971 Synthetic aperture imaging radar and moving targets IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. AES-7 499-505
17. Barbarossa S 1992 Detection and imaging of moving objects with synthetic aperture radar: part 1. Optimal detection and parameter estimation theory IEE Proc., Radar Sonar Navig. 139 79-88
18. Barbarossa S 1992 Detection and imaging of moving objects with synthetic aperture radar: part 2. Joint time-frequency analysis by Wigner-Ville distribution IEE Proc., Radar Sonar Navig. 139 89-97
19. Barbarossa S and Farina A 1994 Space-time-frequency processing of synthetic aperture signals IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. AES-30 341-58
20. Perry R P, Dipietro R C and Fante R L 1999 SAR imaging of moving targets IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. AES-35 188-200
21. Zhu D, Li Y and Zhu Z 2007 A Keystone transform without interpolation for SAR ground moving target imaging IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 4 18-22 (Pubitemid 46180247)
22. Zhou F, Wu R, Xing M and Bao Z 2007 Approach for single channel SAR ground moving target imaging and motion parameter estimation IEE Proc., Radar Sonar Navig. 1 59-66
23. Li G, Xin X G and Peng Y N 2008 Doppler Keystone transform: an approach suitable for parallel implementation of SAR moving target imaging IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 5 573-7
24. Zhu S, Liao G, Qu Y, Zhou Z G and Liu X Y 2011 Ground moving targets imaging algorithm for synthetic aperture radar IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 49 462-77
25. Jungang Y, Xiaotao H, Thompson J, Tian J and Zhimin Z 2011 Low-frequency ultra-wideband synthetic aperture radar ground moving target imaging IET Radar Sonar Navig. 5 994-1001
26. Sun G, Xing M, Xia X G, Wu Y and Bao Z 2013 Robust ground moving-target imaging using Deramp-Keystone processing IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 51 969-81
27. Yang H and Soumekh M 1993 Blind-velocity SAR/ISAR imaging of a moving target in a stationary background IEEE Trans. Image Process. 2 80-95
28. Soumekh M 1998 Range stacking: an interpolation-free SAR reconstruction algorithm Proc. SPIE 3370 13-24
29. Soumekh M 1994 Fourier Array Imaging (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall)
30. Soumekh M 1999 Synthetic Aperture Radar Signal Processing with MATLAB Algorithms (New York: Wiley)
31. Jakowatz C V Jr, Wahl D E and Eichel P H 1998 Refocus of constant velocity moving targets in synthetic aperture radar imagery Proc. SPIE 3370 85-95
32. Yegulalp A F 2002 Analysis of SAR image formation equations for stationary and moving targets MIT Lincoln Laboratory Project Report FPR-14
33. Jao J K 2001 SAR image processing for moving target focusing Proc. IEEE Radar Conf. (Atlanta, GA, 1-3 May)
34. Jao J K 2001 Theory of synthetic aperture radar imaging of a moving target IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 39 1984-92 (Pubitemid 32981694)
35. Ulander L M H and Hellsten H 1999 Low-frequency ultra-wideband array-antenna SAR for stationary and moving target imaging Proc. SPIE 3704 149-58 (Pubitemid 30508200)
36. Vu V T, Sjgren T K, Pettersson M I, Gustavsson A and Ulander L M H 2010 Detection of moving targets by focusing in UWB SAR - theory and experimental results IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 48 3799-815
37. Pettersson M I 2004 Detection of moving targets in wideband SAR IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 40 780-96
38. Werness S, Carrara W, Joyce L and Franczak D 1990 Moving target imaging algorithm for SAR data IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. AES-26 57-66 (Pubitemid 20737401)
39. Fienup J R 2001 Detecting moving targets in SAR imagery by focusing IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. AES-37 794-809 (Pubitemid 34220919)
40. Kirscht M 2003 Detection and imaging of arbitrarily moving targets with single channel SAR IEE Proc., Radar Sonar Navig. 150 7-11
41. Dias J M B and Marques P A C 2003 Multiple moving target detection and trajectory estimation using a single SAR sensor IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. AES-39 604-24
42. Marques P A C and Dias J M B 2005 Velocity estimation of fast moving targets using a single SAR sensor IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. AES-41 75-88 (Pubitemid 40679222)
43. Marques P A C and Dias J M B 2007 Moving targets processing in SAR spatial domain IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. AES-43 864-73 (Pubitemid 350218331)
44. Sjogren T K, Vu V T, Petersson M L, Gustavsson A and Ulander L M H 2012 Moving target relative speed estimation and refocusing in synthetic aperture radar images IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron Syst. 48 2426-35
45. Pettersson M I 2007 Optimum relative speed discretisation for detection of moving objects in wide band SAR IET Radar Sonar Navig. 1 213-20 (Pubitemid 46946182)
46. Stolt R H 1978 Migration by Fourier transform Geophysics 43 23-46
47. Cafforio C, Prati C and Rocca F 1991 SAR data focusing using seismic migration techniques IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. AES-27 194-206 (Pubitemid 21645770)
48. Bamler R 1992 A comparison of range-Doppler and wavenumber domain SAR focusing algorithms IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 30 706-13 (Pubitemid 23579835)
49. Soumekh M 1997 Moving target detection in foliage using along track monopulse synthetic aperture radar imaging IEEE Trans. Image Process. 6 1148-63 (Pubitemid 127768410)
50. Chapin E and Chen C W 2009 Airborne along-track interferometry for GMTI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. 24 13-8
51. Livingstone C E, Sikaneta I, Gierull C H, Chiu S, Beaudoin A, Campbell J, Beaudoin J, Gong S and Knight T A 2002 An airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) experiment to support RADARSAT-2 ground moving target indication (GMTI) Can. J. Remote Sens. 28 794-813
52. Gierull C H 2002 Moving target detection with along-track SAR interferometry - a theoretical analysis Technical Report 2002-084 (Ottawa: Defense R&D)
53. Sharma J J, Gierull C H and Collins M J 2006 Compensating the effects of target acceleration in dual-channel SAR-gMTI IEE Proc., Radar Sonar Navig. 153 53-62 (Pubitemid 43244068)
54. Sharma J J, Gierull C H and Collins M J 2006 The influence of target acceleration on velocity estimation in dual-channel SAR-gMTI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 44 134-47 (Pubitemid 43146073)
55. Gao G 2012 The CFAR detection of ground moving targets based on a joint metric of SAR interferogram's magnitude and phase IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 50 3618-24
56. Friedlander B and Porat B 1997 VSAR: a high resolution radar system for detection of moving targets IEE Proc., Radar Sonar Navig. 144 205-18
57. Ward J 1994 Space-time adaptive processing for airborne radar MIT Lincoln Laboratory Technical Report 1015 (DTIC ADA293032) (Lexington, MA)
58. Wang G, Xia X G and Chen V C 2003 Radar imaging of moving targets in foliage using multifrequency multiaperture polarimetric SAR IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 41 1755-64
59. Li G, Xu J, Peng Y N and Xia X G 2007 Moving target location and imaging using dual-speed velocity SAR IET Radar Sonar Navig. 1 158-63 (Pubitemid 46685308)
60. Deng H, Himed B and Wicks M C 2006 Image feature-based space-time processing for ground moving target detection IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 13 216-9
61. Chenney M and Borden B 2008 Imaging moving targets from scattered waves Inverse Problems 24 1-22
62. Wang L, Chenney M and Borden B 2012 Multistatic radar imaging of moving targets IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 48 230-42
63. Stojanovic I and Karl W C 2010 Imaging of moving targets with multi-static SAR using an overcomplete dictionary IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 4 164-76
64. Farina A and Lombardo P 2004 Space-time techniques for SAR Applications of Space-Time Adaptive Processing ed R Klemm (London: IEE)
65. Ender J H G 1996 Detection and estimation of moving target signals by multi-channel SAR AEU-Int. J. Electron. Commun. 50 150-6 (Pubitemid 126645974)
66. Ender J H G 1998 Space-time adaptive processing for multichannel synthetic aperture radar STAP: IEE Colloq. on Space-time Adaptive Processing pp 2-18 (Ref. no. 1998/241)
67. Ender J H G 1999 Space-time processing for multichannel synthetic aperture radar Electron. Commun. Eng. J. 11 29-38
68. Xu J, Zuo Y, Xia B, Xia X G, Peng Y N and Wang Y L 2012 Ground moving target signal analysis in complex image domain for multichannel SAR IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 50 538-52
69. Hellsten H and Ulander L M H 1999 Airborne array aperture UWB UHF radar motivation and system considerations Proc. IEEE Conf. on Radar (Waltham, MA, 20-22 Apr.) pp 47-53
70. See also Hellsten H and Ulander L M H 2000 IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. pp 35-45
71. Golowich S E 2009 Upper bounds on processing loss for wideband, long-CPI space-time adaptive processing IEEE Pacific Rim Conf. on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing (Monterey, CA, 23-26 Aug.) pp 251-6
72. Golowich S E 2011 Demonstration of vector velocity estimation with airborne SAR-GMTI Proc. IEEE Conf. on Radar pp 768-73
73. Zhu S, Liao G, Zhou Z G and Qu Y 2010 Robust moving targets detection and velocity estimation using multi-channel and multi-look SAR images Signal Process. 90 2009-19
74. Lv X, Xing M, Zhang S, Wu Y and Zhang S 2009 Azimuth-invariant bistatic multichannel synthetic aperture radar for moving target detection and location IET Radar Sonar Navig. 3 461-73
75. Lv X, Xing M, Bao Z, Zhang S and Wu Y 2010 Coherence improving algorithm for airborne multichannel SAR-GMTI IET Radar Sonar Navig. 4 336-47
76. Cerutti-Maori D, Gierull C H and Ender J H G 2010 Experimental verification of SAR-GMTI improvement through antenna switching IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 48 2066-75
77. Barber B and Barker J 2012 Indication of slowly moving ground targets in non-Gaussian clutter using multi-channel synthetic aperture radar IET Signal Process. 6 424-34
78. Murray J D 1984 Asymptotic Analysis (Rayleigh, NC: SciTech Publishing)
79. Yegulalp A F 1999 Fast backprojection algorithm for synthetic aperture radar Proc. IEEE Conf. on Radar (Waltham, MA, 20-22 Apr.) pp 60-65
80. Norton S J and Linzer M 1981 Ultrasonic reflectivity imaging in three dimensions: exact inverse scattering solutions for plane, cylindrical, and spherical apertures IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. BME-28 202-20
81. Hellsten H and Andersson L E 1987 An inverse method for the processing of synthetic aperture radar data Inverse Problems 3 111-24
82. Andersson L E 1988 On the determination of a function from spherical averages SIAM J. Math. Anal. 19 214-32
83. Redding N J and Newsam G N 2001 Inverting the circular radon transform Technical Report DSTO-RR-0211 (Electronics and Surveillance Research Laboratory, Edinburgh, South Australia)
84. Desai M D and Jenkins W K 1992 Convolution backprojection image reconstruction for spotlight mode synthetic aperture radar IEEE Trans. Image Process. 1 505-17
85. McCorkle J and Rofheart M 1996 An order N2 log(N) backprojector algorithm for focusing wide-angle wide-bandwidth arbitrary-motion synthetic aperture radar Proc. SPIE 2747 25-36
86. Boag A 2001 A fast multilevel domain decomposition algorithm for radar imaging IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. AP-49 666-71 (Pubitemid 32535042)
87. Ulander L M H, Hellsten H and Stenstrom G 2003 Synthetic-aperture radar processing using fast factorised backprojection IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. AES-39 760-76