메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 68, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 374-390

Coordinated analysis of age, sex, and education effects on change in MMSE scores

Author keywords

Cognitive; Coordinated Analysis; Education; Longitudinal; Mental Status Exam; Meta analysis; Mixed Model

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; META ANALYSIS; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSIOLOGY; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; SEX DIFFERENCE; VERY ELDERLY;

EID: 84876517437     PISSN: 10795014     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbs077     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (99)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 0033999961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal population study of the mini-mental state examination in the very old: Relation to dementia and education
    • Aevarsson, Ó., & Skoog, I. (2000). A longitudinal population study of the mini-mental state examination in the very old: Relation to dementia and education. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 11, 166-175.doi:10.1159/000017231
    • (2000) Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders , vol.11 , pp. 166-175
    • Aevarsson, Ó.1    Skoog, I.2
  • 2
    • 33751395485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Education and cognitive decline in older Americans: Results from the AHEAD sample
    • Alley, D., Suthers, K., & Crimmins, E. (2007). Education and cognitive decline in older Americans: Results from the AHEAD sample. Research on Aging, 29, 73-94.doi:10.1177/0164027506294245
    • (2007) Research on Aging , vol.29 , pp. 73-94
    • Alley, D.1    Suthers, K.2    Crimmins, E.3
  • 3
    • 84870406840 scopus 로고
    • (3rd ed., revised). Washington, DC: Author American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., revised). Washington, DC: Author.
    • (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  • 4
    • 0034113888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Education, activity, health, blood pressure and apolipoprotein e as predictors of cognitive change in old age: A review
    • doi:10.1159/000022153
    • Anstey, K., & Christensen, H. (2000). Education, activity, health, blood pressure and apolipoprotein E as predictors of cognitive change in old age: A review. Gerontology, 46, 163-177.doi:10.1159/000022153
    • (2000) Gerontology , vol.46 , pp. 163-177
    • Anstey, K.1    Christensen, H.2
  • 5
    • 0009153698 scopus 로고
    • Australia: Australian Government Printer Australian Bureau Of Statistics
    • Australian Bureau of Statistics. (1989). Australian Capital Territory statistical summary. Australia: Australian Government Printer.
    • (1989) Australian Capital Territory Statistical Summary
  • 6
    • 0029884053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age, education, and changes in the Mini-Mental State Exam scores of older women: Findings from the Nun Study
    • Butler, S. M., Ashford, J. W., & Snowdon, D. A. (1996). Age, education, and changes in the Mini-Mental State Exam scores of older women: Findings from the Nun Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 44, 675-681.
    • (1996) Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , vol.44 , pp. 675-681
    • Butler, S.M.1    Ashford, J.W.2    Snowdon, D.A.3
  • 7
    • 0018065496 scopus 로고
    • The swedish twin registry
    • In W. E. Nance, G. Allen, & P. Parisi (Eds.), New York: Alan R. Liss
    • Cederlöf, R., Lorich, U. (1978). The Swedish Twin Registry. In W. E. Nance, G. Allen, & P. Parisi (Eds.), Twin research: Part C, biology and epidemiology (pp. 189-195). New York: Alan R. Liss.
    • (1978) Twin Research: Part C, Biology and Epidemiology , pp. 189-195
    • Cederlöf, R.1    Lorich, U.2
  • 10
    • 6344250634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Canberra Longitudinal Study: Design, aims, methodology, outcomes and recent empirical investigations
    • doi:10.1080/13825580490511053
    • Christensen, H., Mackinnon, A., Jorm, A. F., Korten, A., Jacomb, P., Hofer, S. M., & Henderson, S. (2004). The Canberra Longitudinal Study: Design, aims, methodology, outcomes and recent empirical investigations. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 11, 169-195.doi:10.1080/13825580490511053
    • (2004) Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition , vol.11 , pp. 169-195
    • Christensen, H.1    MacKinnon, A.2    Jorm, A.F.3    Korten, A.4    Jacomb, P.5    Hofer, S.M.6    Henderson, S.7
  • 11
    • 0025902150 scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal application of cognitive function measures in a defined population of community-dwelling elders
    • doi:10.1016/1047-2797(91)90001-s
    • Colsher, P. L., & Wallace, R. B. (1991a). Longitudinal application of cognitive function measures in a defined population of community-dwelling elders. Annals of Epidemiology, 1, 215-230.doi:10.1016/1047-2797(91)90001-s
    • (1991) Annals of Epidemiology , vol.1 , pp. 215-230
    • Colsher, P.L.1    Wallace, R.B.2
  • 12
    • 0026378123 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic considerations in studies of cognitive function in the elderly: Methodology and nondementing acquired dysfunction
    • Colsher, P. L., & Wallace, R. B. (1991b). Epidemiologic considerations in studies of cognitive function in the elderly: Methodology and nondementing acquired dysfunction. Epidemiologic Reviews, 13, 1-27.
    • (1991) Epidemiologic Reviews , vol.13 , pp. 1-27
    • Colsher, P.L.1    Wallace, R.B.2
  • 13
    • 50249163095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Item response theoryfacilitated cocalibrating cognitive tests and reduced bias in estimated rates of decline
    • e1019.doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.11.011
    • Crane, P. K., Narasimhalu, K., Gibbons, L. E., Mungas, D. M., Haneuse, S., Larson, E. B., van Belle, G. (2008). Item response theoryfacilitated cocalibrating cognitive tests and reduced bias in estimated rates of decline. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 61, 1018-1027.e1019.doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi. 2007.11.011
    • (2008) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol.61 , pp. 1018-1027
    • Crane, P.K.1    Narasimhalu, K.2    Gibbons, L.E.3    Mungas, D.M.4    Haneuse, S.5    Larson, E.B.6    Van Belle, G.7
  • 15
    • 34548463099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centering predictor variables in cross-sectional multilevel models: A new look at an old issue
    • Enders, C. K., & Tofighi, D. (2007). Centering predictor variables in cross-sectional multilevel models: A new look at an old issue. Psychological Methods, 12, 121-138.
    • (2007) Psychological Methods , vol.12 , pp. 121-138
    • Enders, C.K.1    Tofighi, D.2
  • 16
    • 0027401849 scopus 로고
    • Level of education and change in cognitive function in a community population of older persons
    • doi:10.1016/1047-2797(93)90012-s
    • Evans, D. A., Beckett, L. A., Albert, M. S., Hebert, L. E., Scherr, P. A., Funkenstein, H. H., & Taylor, J. O. (1993). Level of education and change in cognitive function in a community population of older persons. Annals of Epidemiology, 3, 71-77.doi:10.1016/1047-2797(93)90012-s
    • (1993) Annals of Epidemiology , vol.3 , pp. 71-77
    • Evans, D.A.1    Beckett, L.A.2    Albert, M.S.3    Hebert, L.E.4    Scherr, P.A.5    Funkenstein, H.H.6    Taylor, J.O.7
  • 18
    • 6344287317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Processing speed and longitudinal trajectories of change for cognitive abilities: The Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging
    • Finkel, D., & Pedersen, N. L. (2004). Processing speed and longitudinal trajectories of change for cognitive abilities: The Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 11(2-3), 325-345.
    • (2004) Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition , vol.11 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 325-345
    • Finkel, D.1    Pedersen, N.L.2
  • 21
    • 0036054847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-cultural comparison of the Mini-Mental State Examination in United Kingdom and United States participants with Alzheimer's disease
    • doi:10.1002/gps.683
    • Gibbons, L. E., van Belle, G., Yang, M., Gill, C., Brayne, C., Huppert, F. A., Larson, E. (2002). Cross-cultural comparison of the Mini-Mental State Examination in United Kingdom and United States participants with Alzheimer's disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17, 723-728.doi:10.1002/ gps.683
    • (2002) International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , vol.17 , pp. 723-728
    • Gibbons, L.E.1    Van Belle, G.2    Yang, M.3    Gill, C.4    Brayne, C.5    Huppert, F.A.6    Larson, E.7
  • 23
    • 53949092997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifecourse social conditions and racial and ethnic patterns of cognitive aging
    • doi:10.1136/jech.2006.059469
    • Glymour, M. M., & Manly, J. J. (2008). Lifecourse social conditions and racial and ethnic patterns of cognitive aging. Neuropsychology Review, 18, 223-254.doi:10.1136/jech.2006.059469
    • (2008) Neuropsychology Review , vol.18 , pp. 223-254
    • Glymour, M.M.1    Manly, J.J.2
  • 25
    • 36049009008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Education delays accelerated decline on a memory test in persons who develop dementia
    • doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000278163.82636.30
    • Hall, C. B., Derby, C., LeValley, A., Katz, M. J., Verghese, J., & Lipton, R. B. (2007). Education delays accelerated decline on a memory test in persons who develop dementia. Neurology, 69, 1657-1664.doi:10.1212/01.wnl. 0000278163.82636.30
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.69 , pp. 1657-1664
    • Hall, C.B.1    Derby, C.2    Levalley, A.3    Katz, M.J.4    Verghese, J.5    Lipton, R.B.6
  • 26
    • 66349121606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrative data analysis through coordination of measurement and analysis protocol across independent longitudinal studies
    • doi:10.1037/a0015566
    • Hofer, S. M., & Piccinin, A. M. (2009). Integrative data analysis through coordination of measurement and analysis protocol across independent longitudinal studies. Psychological Methods, 14, 150-164.doi:10.1037/a0015566
    • (2009) Psychological Methods , vol.14 , pp. 150-164
    • Hofer, S.M.1    Piccinin, A.M.2
  • 28
    • 84882506884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and analysis of longitudinal studies on aging
    • In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), , 6th ed. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press
    • Hofer, S. M. & Sliwinski, M. J. (2006). Design and analysis of longitudinal studies on aging. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging, 6th ed. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press.
    • (2006) Handbook of the Psychology of Aging
    • Hofer, S.M.1    Sliwinski, M.J.2
  • 33
    • 33645810363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting cognitive trajectories of impending death and preclinical dementia in the very old
    • doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000203112.12554.f4
    • Laukka, E. J., MacDonald, S. W., & Bäckman, L. (2006). Contrasting cognitive trajectories of impending death and preclinical dementia in the very old. Neurology, 66, 833-838.doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000203112.12554.f4
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.66 , pp. 833-838
    • Laukka, E.J.1    MacDonald, S.W.2    Bäckman, L.3
  • 34
    • 0032898056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive decline in adulthood: An 11.5-year follow-up of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area study
    • Lyketsos, C. G., Chen, L. S., & Anthony, J. C. (1999). Cognitive decline in adulthood: An 11.5-year follow-up of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 58-65.
    • (1999) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.156 , pp. 58-65
    • Lyketsos, C.G.1    Chen, L.S.2    Anthony, J.C.3
  • 35
    • 0036214820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reading level attenuates differences in neuropsychological test performance between African American and White elders
    • doi:10.1017.S135561770102015X
    • Manly, J. J., Jacobs, D. M., Touradji, P., Small, S. A., & Stern, Y. (2002). Reading level attenuates differences in neuropsychological test performance between African American and White elders. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8, 341-348.doi:10.1017. S135561770102015X
    • (2002) Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , vol.8 , pp. 341-348
    • Manly, J.J.1    Jacobs, D.M.2    Touradji, P.3    Small, S.A.4    Stern, Y.5
  • 37
    • 70350072580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction effects of education and health status on cognitive change: A 6-year follow-up of the Maastricht Aging Study
    • doi:10.1080/13607860902860821
    • Meijer, W. A., van Boxtel, M. P., Van Gerven, P. W., van Hooren, S. A., & Jolles, J. (2009). Interaction effects of education and health status on cognitive change: a 6-year follow-up of the Maastricht Aging Study. Aging & Mental Health, 13, 521-529.doi:10.1080/13607860902860821
    • (2009) Aging & Mental Health , vol.13 , pp. 521-529
    • Meijer, W.A.1    Van Boxtel, M.P.2    Van Gerven, P.W.3    Van Hooren, S.A.4    Jolles, J.5
  • 39
    • 77950567698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One size fits all? Why we need more sophisticated analytical methods in the explanation of trajectories of cognition in older age and their potential risk factors
    • ; CC75C Study Collaboration Group.doi:10.1017/S1041610209990937
    • Muniz-Terrera, G., Brayne, C., & Matthews, F.; CC75C Study Collaboration Group. (2010). One size fits all? Why we need more sophisticated analytical methods in the explanation of trajectories of cognition in older age and their potential risk factors. International Psychogeriatrics, 22, 291-299.doi:10.1017/S1041610209990937
    • (2010) International Psychogeriatrics , vol.22 , pp. 291-299
    • Muniz-Terrera, G.1    Brayne, C.2    Matthews, F.3
  • 40
    • 65449122787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Education and trajectories of cognitive decline over 9 years in very old people: Methods and risk analysis
    • .; CC75C Group.doi:10.1093/ageing/afp004
    • Muniz-Terrera, G., Matthews, F., Dening, T., Huppert, F. A., & Brayne, C.; CC75C Group. (2009). Education and trajectories of cognitive decline over 9 years in very old people: Methods and risk analysis. Age and Ageing, 38, 277-282.doi:10.1093/ageing/afp004
    • (2009) Age and Ageing , vol.38 , pp. 277-282
    • Muniz-Terrera, G.1    Matthews, F.2    Dening, T.3    Huppert, F.A.4    Brayne, C.5
  • 43
    • 0036807382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The swedish twin registry in the third millenium
    • Pedersen, N. L., Lichtenstein, P., & Svedberg, P. (2002). The Swedish Twin Registry in the Third Millenium. Twin Research, 5(5), 427-432.
    • (2002) Twin Research , vol.5 , Issue.5 , pp. 427-432
    • Pedersen, N.L.1    Lichtenstein, P.2    Svedberg, P.3
  • 45
    • 0016837052 scopus 로고
    • A short portable mental status questionnaire for the assessment of organic brain deficit in elderly patients
    • Pfeiffer, E. (1975). A short portable mental status questionnaire for the assessment of organic brain deficit in elderly patients. Journal of American Geriatrics Society, 23, 433-441.
    • (1975) Journal of American Geriatrics Society , vol.23 , pp. 433-441
    • Pfeiffer, E.1
  • 46
    • 66349086143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrative analysis of longitudinal studies on aging: Collaborative research networks, meta-analysis, and optimizing future studies
    • In S. M. Hofer & D. F. Alwin (Eds.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
    • Piccinin, A. M., & Hofer, S. M. (2008). Integrative analysis of longitudinal studies on aging: Collaborative research networks, meta-analysis, and optimizing future studies. In S. M. Hofer & D. F. Alwin (Eds.), Handbook on cognitive aging: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 446-476). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
    • (2008) Handbook on Cognitive Aging: Interdisciplinary Perspectives , pp. 446-476
    • Piccinin, A.M.1    Hofer, S.M.2
  • 47
    • 80052901110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of analytical approaches for understanding change in cognition in the context of aging and health
    • i36-i49.doi:10.1093/geronb/gbr038
    • Piccinin, A. M., Muniz, G., Sparks, C., & Bontempo, D. E. (2011). An evaluation of analytical approaches for understanding change in cognition in the context of aging and health. Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 66(Suppl 1), i36-i49.doi:10.1093/geronb/gbr038
    • (2011) Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences , vol.66 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Piccinin, A.M.1    Muniz, G.2    Sparks, C.3    Bontempo, D.E.4
  • 50
    • 0023037928 scopus 로고
    • CAMDEX A standardised instrument for the diagnosis of mental disorder in the elderly with special reference to the early detection of dementia
    • doi:10.1192/bjp.149.6.698
    • Roth, M., Tym, E., Mountjoy, C. Q., Huppert, F. A., Hendrie, H., Verma, S., & Goddard, R. (1986). CAMDEX. A standardised instrument for the diagnosis of mental disorder in the elderly with special reference to the early detection of dementia. British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 149, 698-709.doi:10.1192/bjp.149.6.698
    • (1986) British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science , vol.149 , pp. 698-709
    • Roth, M.1    Tym, E.2    Mountjoy, C.Q.3    Huppert, F.A.4    Hendrie, H.5    Verma, S.6    Goddard, R.7
  • 52
    • 77951213518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating convergence of within-person change and between-person age differences in age-heterogeneous longitudinal studies
    • Sliwinski, M. J., Hoffman, L.R. & Hofer, S.M. (2010). Evaluating convergence of within-person change and between-person age differences in age-heterogeneous longitudinal studies. Research in Human Development, 7, 45-60.
    • (2010) Research in Human Development , vol.7 , pp. 45-60
    • Sliwinski, M.J.1    Hoffman, L.R.2    Hofer, S.M.3
  • 53
    • 0026525401 scopus 로고
    • The quantification of the relative effects of age and NART-predicted IQ on cognitive function in healthy old people
    • doi:10.1002/gps.930070303
    • Starr, J. M., Whalley, L. J., Inch, S., & Shering, P. A. (1992). The quantification of the relative effects of age and NART-predicted IQ on cognitive function in healthy old people. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 7, 153-157.doi:10.1002/gps.930070303
    • (1992) International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , vol.7 , pp. 153-157
    • Starr, J.M.1    Whalley, L.J.2    Inch, S.3    Shering, P.A.4
  • 54
    • 0022253013 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of ecology, ageing and state of health in Japan and Sweden, the present and previous leaders in longevity
    • doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1977.tb18068.x
    • Svanborg, A., Shibata, H., Hatano, S., & Matsuzaki, T. (1985). Comparison of ecology, ageing and state of health in Japan and Sweden, the present and previous leaders in longevity. Acta Medica Scandinavica, 218, 5-17.doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1977.tb18068.x
    • (1985) Acta Medica Scandinavica , vol.218 , pp. 5-17
    • Svanborg, A.1    Shibata, H.2    Hatano, S.3    Matsuzaki, T.4
  • 55
    • 0036218635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept
    • doi:10.1017.S1355617701020240
    • Stern, Y. (2002). What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8, 448-460.doi:10.1017.S1355617701020240
    • (2002) Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , vol.8 , pp. 448-460
    • Stern, Y.1
  • 56
    • 67349266609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive reserve
    • doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.004
    • Stern, Y. (2009). Cognitive reserve. Neuropsychologia, 47, 2015-2028.doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.004
    • (2009) Neuropsychologia , vol.47 , pp. 2015-2028
    • Stern, Y.1
  • 57
    • 0023194048 scopus 로고
    • The Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination
    • Teng, E. L., & Chui, H. C. (1987). The Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 48, 314-318.
    • (1987) Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 314-318
    • Teng, E.L.1    Chui, H.C.2
  • 58
    • 63349110902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cognitive reserve hypothesis: A longitudinal examination of age-associated declines in reasoning and processing speed
    • doi:10.1037/a0014012
    • Tucker-Drob, E.M., Johnson, K.E. & Jones, R.N. (2009). The cognitive reserve hypothesis: A longitudinal examination of age-associated declines in reasoning and processing speed. Developmental Psychology, 45, 431-446.doi:10.1037/a0014012
    • (2009) Developmental Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 431-446
    • Tucker-Drob, E.M.1    Johnson, K.E.2    Jones, R.N.3
  • 60
    • 43049124802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No protective effects of education during normal cognitive aging: Results from the 6-year follow-up of the Maastricht Aging Study
    • doi:10.1037/0882-7974.23.1.119
    • Van Dijk, K. R. A., Van Gerven, P. W. M., Van Boxtel, M. P. J., Van der Elst, W., & Jolles, J. (2008). No protective effects of education during normal cognitive aging: Results from the 6-year follow-up of the Maastricht Aging Study. Psychology and Aging, 23, 119-130.doi:10.1037/0882-7974.23.1.119
    • (2008) Psychology and Aging , vol.23 , pp. 119-130
    • Van Dijk, K.R.A.1    Van Gerven, P.W.M.2    Van Boxtel, M.P.J.3    Van Der Elst, W.4    Jolles, J.5
  • 61
    • 0034279229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The centercept: An estimable and meaningful regression parameter
    • Wainer, H. (2000). The centercept: An estimable and meaningful regression parameter. Psychological Science, 11, 434-436.
    • (2000) Psychological Science , vol.11 , pp. 434-436
    • Wainer, H.1
  • 62
    • 51749118889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating ceiling effects in longitudinal data analysis
    • doi:10.1080/00273170802285941
    • Wang, L., Zhang, Z., McArdle, J. J., & Salthouse, T. A. (2008). Investigating ceiling effects in longitudinal data analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 43, 476-496.doi:10.1080/00273170802285941
    • (2008) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.43 , pp. 476-496
    • Wang, L.1    Zhang, Z.2    McArdle, J.J.3    Salthouse, T.A.4
  • 63
    • 0002820474 scopus 로고
    • Linear models for the analysis of longitudinal studies
    • doi:10.2307/2682803
    • Ware, J. H. (1985). Linear models for the analysis of longitudinal studies. American Statistician, 39, 95-101.doi:10.2307/2682803
    • (1985) American Statistician , vol.39 , pp. 95-101
    • Ware J, H.1
  • 64
    • 61549093102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Educational attainment and cognitive decline in old age
    • doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000341782.71418.6c
    • Wilson, R. S., Hebert, L. E., Scherr, P. A., Barnes, L. L., Mendes de Leon, C. F., & Evans, D. A. (2009). Educational attainment and cognitive decline in old age. Neurology, 72, 460-465.doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000341782.71418. 6c
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.72 , pp. 460-465
    • Wilson, R.S.1    Hebert, L.E.2    Scherr, P.A.3    Barnes, L.L.4    Mendes De Leon, C.F.5    Evans, D.A.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.