Daytime secretion of salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase in preschool-aged children with autism and typically developing children

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Volumn 42, Issue 12, 2012, Pages 2648-2658

  Kidd, Sharon A ^a,e   Corbett, Blythe A ^b,f   Granger, Douglas A ^c,g   Boyce, W Thomas ^d   Anders, Thomas F ^b   Tager, Ira B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^e National Fragile X Foundation   (United States)

^f VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^g JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF NURSING   (United States)

Author keywords

Autism; Children; Diurnal; Salivary alpha amylase; Salivary cortisol; Variability

Indexed keywords

ALPHA AMYLASE SALIVA ISOENZYME; HYDROCORTISONE;

AMYLASE RELEASE; ARTICLE; AUTISM; CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; HUMAN; HYDROCORTISONE RELEASE; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEASUREMENT ACCURACY; NIGHT; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SALIVA ANALYSIS; WAKEFULNESS; CHEMISTRY; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; SALIVA;

AUTISTIC DISORDER; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; MALE; SALIVA; SALIVARY ALPHA-AMYLASES;

EID: 84876501992     PISSN: 01623257     EISSN: 15733432     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-012-1522-z     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Achenbach, T. (1992). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/2-3 and 1992 profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry.
2. Ahern, J.; Hubbard, A.; Galea, S. (2009). Estimating the effects of potential public health interventions on population disease burden: A step-by-step illustration of causal inference methods. American Journal of Epidemiology, 169(9), 1140-1147.
3. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.
4. Bauer, A. M.; Quas, J. A.; Boyce, W. T. (2002). Associations between physiological reactivity and children's behavior: Advantages of a multisystem approach. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 23(2), 102-113.
5. Beltzer, E. K.; Fortunato, C. K.; Guaderrama, M. M.; Peckins, M. K.; Garramone, B. M.; Granger, D. A. (2010). Salivary flow and alpha-amylase: Collection technique, duration, and oral fluid type. Physiology & Behavior, 101(2), 289-296.
6. Bremner, J. D.; Krystal, J. H.; Southwick, S. M.; Charney, D. S. (1996). Noradrenergic mechanisms in stress and anxiety: I. Preclinical studies. Synapse (New York, N. Y.), 23(1), 28-38.
7. Bremner, J. D.; Vermetten, E. (2001). Stress and development: Behavioral and biological consequences. Development and Psychopathology, 13(3), 473-489.
8. Cicchetti, D.; Rogosch, F. A. (2001). The impact of child maltreatment and psychopathology on neuroendocrine functioning. Development and Psychopathology, 13(4), 783-804.
9. Corbett, B. A.; Mendoza, S.; Abdullah, M.; Wegelin, J. A.; Levine, S. (2006). Cortisol circadian rhythms and response to stress in children with autism. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 31(1), 59-68.
10. Corbett, B. A.; Mendoza, S.; Wegelin, J. A.; Carmean, V.; Levine, S. (2008). Variable cortisol circadian rhythms in children with autism and anticipatory stress. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 33(3), 227-234.
11. Fitzmaurice, G. M.; Laird, N. M.; Ware, J. H. (2004). Applied longitudinal analysis (1st ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
12. Fortunato, C. K.; Dribin, A. E.; Granger, D. A.; Buss, K. A. (2008). Salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol in toddlers: Differential relations to affective behavior. Developmental Psychobiology, 50(8), 807-818.
13. Gill, R. D.; Robins, J. M. (2001). Causal inference for complex longitudinal data: The continuous case. The Annals of Statistics, 29(6), 1785-1811.
14. Goodlin-Jones, B. L.; Tang, K.; Liu, J.; Anders, T. F. (2008). Sleep patterns in preschool-age children with autism, developmental delay, and typical development. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(8), 930-938.
15. Granger, D. A.; Kivlighan, K. T.; el-Sheikh, M.; Gordis, E. B.; Stroud, L. R. (2007). Salivary alpha-amylase in biobehavioral research: Recent developments and applications. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1098, 122-144.
16. Gunnar, M. R.; Vazquez, D. M. (2001). Low cortisol and a flattening of expected daytime rhythm: Potential indices of risk in human development. Development and Psychopathology, 13(3), 515-538.
17. Hill, S. D.; Wagner, E. A.; Shedlarski, J. G.; Jr, & Sears, S. P. (1977). Diurnal cortisol and temperature variation of normal and autistic children. Developmental Psychobiology, 10(6), 579-583.
18. Hollingshead, A. B. (1975). Four factor index of social status. New Haven: Working Paper. Yale University.
19. Hoshino, Y.; Ohno, Y.; Murata, S.; Yokoyama, F.; Kaneko, M.; Kumashiro, H. (1984). Dexamethasone suppression test in autistic children. Folia Psychiatrica et Neurologica Japonica, 38(4), 445-449.
20. Hoshino, Y.; Yokoyama, F.; Watanabe, M.; Murata, S.; Kaneko, M.; Kumashiro, H. (1987). The diurnal variation and response to dexamethasone suppression test of saliva cortisol level in autistic children. The Japanese Journal of Psychiatry and Neurology, 41(2), 227-235.
21. Jansen, L. M.; Gispen-de Wied, C. C.; van der Gaag, R. J.; van Engeland, H. (2003). Differentiation between autism and multiple complex developmental disorder in response to psychosocial stress. Neuropsychopharmacology, 28(3), 582-590.
22. Kern, J. K.; Trivedi, M. H.; Grannemann, B. D.; Garver, C. R.; Johnson, D. G.; Andrews, A. A.;. Schroeder, J. L. (2007). Sensory correlations in autism. Autism, 11(2), 123-134.
23. Leekam, S. R.; Nieto, C.; Libby, S. J.; Wing, L.; Gould, J. (2007). Describing the sensory abnormalities of children and adults with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(5), 894-910.
24. Lord, C.; Risi, S.; Lambrecht, L.; Cook, E. H.; Jr.; Leventhal, B. L.; DiLavore, P. C.;. Rutter, M. (2000). The autism diagnostic observation schedule-generic: a standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(3), 205-223.
25. Lord, C.; Storoschuk, S.; Rutter, M.; Pickles, A. (1993). Using the ADI-R to diagnose autism in preschool children. Infant Mental Health Journal, 14(3), 234-252.
26. Loyd, B. H.; Abidin, R. R. (1985). Revision of the Parenting Stress Index. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 10(2), 169-177.
27. Lupien, S. J.; Fiocco, A.; Wan, N.; Maheu, F.; Lord, C.; Schramek, T.; et al. (2005). Stress hormones and human memory function across the lifespan. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30(3), 225-242.
28. Maldonado, E. F.; Fernandez, F. J.; Trianes, M. V.; Wesnes, K.; Petrini, O.; Zangara, A.;. Ambrosetti, L. (2008). Cognitive performance and morning levels of salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase in children reporting high versus. low daily stress perception. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 11(1), 3-15.
29. Maldonado, G.; Greenland, S. (2002). Estimating causal effects. International Journal of Epidemiology, 31(2), 422-429.
30. Marinovic-Curin, J.; Marinovic-Terzic, I.; Bujas-Petkovic, Z.; Zekan, L.; Skrabic, V.; Dogas, Z.; et al. (2008). Slower cortisol response during ACTH stimulation test in autistic children. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 17(1), 39-43.
31. McEwen, B. S. (1998). Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. New England Journal of Medicine, 338(3), 171-179.
32. Mullen, E. (1997). Mullen scales of early learning. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
33. Nater, U. M.; Rohleder, N. (2009). Salivary alpha-amylase as a non-invasive biomarker for the sympathetic nervous system: Current state of research. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34(4), 486-496.
34. Nater, U. M.; Rohleder, N.; Schlotz, W.; Ehlert, U.; Kirschbaum, C. (2007). Determinants of the diurnal course of salivary alpha-amylase. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 32(4), 392-401.
35. Nir, I.; Meir, D.; Zilber, N.; Knobler, H.; Hadjez, J.; Lerner, Y. (1995). Brief report: circadian melatonin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and cortisol levels in serum of young adults with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 25(6), 641-654.
36. Oitzl, M. S.; Champagne, D. L.; van der Veen, R.; de Kloet, E. R. (2010). Brain development under stress: Hypotheses of glucocorticoid actions revisited. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 34(6), 853-866.
37. Orekhova, E. V.; Stroganova, T. A.; Prokofyev, A. O.; Nygren, G.; Gillberg, C.; Elam, M. (2008). Sensory gating in young children with autism: Relation to age, IQ, and EEG gamma oscillations. Neuroscience Letters, 434(2), 218-223.
38. Peeters, F.; Nicolson, N. A.; Berkhof, J. (2004). Levels and variability of daily life cortisol secretion in major depression. Psychiatry Research, 126(1), 1-13.
39. Richdale, A. L.; Prior, M. R. (1992). Urinary cortisol circadian rhythm in a group of high-functioning children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 22(3), 433-447.
40. Robins, J. M. (1999). Association, causation, and marginal structural models. Synthese, 121, 151-179.
41. Sapolsky, R. M.; Krey, L. C.; McEwen, B. S. (1986). The neuroendocrinology of stress and aging: The glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis. Endocrine Reviews, 7(3), 284-301.
42. Schwartz, E. B.; Granger, D. A.; Susman, E. J.; Gunnar, M. R.; Laird, B. (1998). Assessing salivary cortisol in studies of child development. Child Development, 69(6), 1503-1513.
43. Sinisi, S. E.; van der Laan, M. J. (2004). Deletion/substitution/addition algorithm in learning with applications in genomics. Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology, 3, Article 18.
44. Snowden, J. M.; Rose, S.; Mortimer, K. M. (2011). Implementation of G-computation on a simulated data set: Demonstration of a causal inference technique. American Journal of Epidemiology, 173(7), 731-738.
45. Steptoe, A.; Cropley, M.; Griffith, J.; Kirschbaum, C. (2000). Job strain and anger expression predict early morning elevations in salivary cortisol. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62(2), 286-292.
46. Varadhan, R.; Walston, J.; Cappola, A. R.; Carlson, M. C.; Wand, G. S.; Fried, L. P. (2008). Higher levels and blunted diurnal variation of cortisol in frail older women. Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 63(2), 190-195.
47. Volkmar, F. R.; State, M.; Klin, A. (2009). Autism and autism spectrum disorders: diagnostic issues for the coming decade. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(1-2), 108-115.
48. Wolf, J. M.; Nicholls, E.; Chen, E. (2008). Chronic stress, salivary cortisol, and alpha-amylase in children with asthma and healthy children. Biological Psychology, 78(1), 20-28.
49. Yehuda, R.; Teicher, M. H.; Trestman, R. L.; Levengood, R. A.; Siever, L. J. (1996). Cortisol regulation in posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression: a chronobiological analysis. Biological Psychiatry, 40(2), 79-88.
50. Zinke, K.; Fries, E.; Kliegel, M.; Kirschbaum, C.; Dettenborn, L. (2010). Children with high-functioning autism show a normal cortisol awakening response (CAR). Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35(10), 1578-1582.