Cross-wind modal properties of offshore wind turbines identified by full scale testing

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Volumn 116, Issue , 2013, Pages 94-108

  Damgaard, M ^a   Ibsen, L B ^b   Andersen, L V ^b   Andersen, J K F ^a  

^a VESTAS WIND SYSTEMS A S   (Denmark)

^b AALBORG UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Eigenfrequency; Fast Fourier Transformation; Free vibration decay; Modal soil damping; Offshore wind energy structures; Operational modal identification; P y curve method; Scour; Spectral analysis; Winkler approach

Indexed keywords

DAMPING; FATIGUE OF MATERIALS; FLEXIBLE STRUCTURES; MODAL ANALYSIS; NATURAL FREQUENCIES; OFFSHORE OIL WELL PRODUCTION; PILE FOUNDATIONS; SCOUR; SOIL TESTING; SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; STRUCTURAL DESIGN; TURBOMACHINE BLADES; VIBRATION ANALYSIS; WIND POWER;

EIGENFREQUENCY; FAST FOURIER TRANSFORMATIONS; FREE VIBRATION DECAY; OFF-SHORE WIND ENERGY; OPERATIONAL MODAL; P - Y CURVES; WINKLER APPROACHES;

OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES;

EID: 84876397461     PISSN: 01676105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2013.03.003     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Agardh L. Modal analysis of two concrete bridges in Sweden. Structural Engineering International 1991, 1:35-39.
2. Aktan A.E., Zwick J., Miller R.A., Sharooz B.M. Nondestructive and destructive testing of a decommissioned RC slab highway bridge and associated analytical studies. Transportation Research Record 1992.
3. Andersen, L.V., 2006. Linear Elastodynamic Analysis. DCE Lecture Notes No 3. Aalborg University.
4. Andersen L.V. Assessment of lumped-parameter models for rigid footings. Computers and Structures 2008, 88:1333-1347.
5. Askegaard V., Mossing P. Long term observation on RC-bridge using changes in natural frequencies. Nordic Concrete Research 1988, 7:20-27.
6. Batel M. Operational modal analysis-another way of doing modal testing. Journal of Sound and Vibration 2002, 22-27.
7. Brincker, R., Andersen, P., 2006. Understanding stochastic subspace identification. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Modal analysis Conference. St. Louis, Missouri.
8. Caetano E., Cunha A., Taylor C.A. Investigation of dynamic cable-deck interaction in a physical model of a cable-stayed bridge part I: modal analysis. International Journal Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 2000, 29:481-498.
9. Cantieni, R., 2001. Assessing a dam's structural properties using forced vibration testing. In: Proceedings of IABSE International Conference on Safety, Risk and Reliability-Trends in Engineering, Malta.
10. Cantieni, R., 2004. Experimental Methods Used in System Identification of Civil Engineering Structures. 2nd Workshop: Problemi di vibrazioni nelle strutture civili e nelle costruzioni meccaniche, Perugia.
11. Cantieni, R., Pietrzko, S., 1993. Modal testing of a wooden footbridge using random excitation. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Modal Analysis Conference. vol. 2. pp. 1230-1236.
12. Cantieni, S.J., Pietrzko, S., Deger, Y., 1998. Modal investigation of an office building floor. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Modal Analysis Conference. vol. 2. pp. 1172-1178.
13. Carne, T.G., Lauffer, J.P., Gomez, A.J., 1988. Modal testing of a very flexible 110m wind turbine structure. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Modal Analysis Conference. Kissimmee, Florida.
14. Cook, M.F., Vandiver, J.K., 1982. Measured and predicted dynamic response of a single pile platform to random wave excitation. In: Proceedings of the 14th Offshore Technology Conference. Houston, Texas. pp. 637-646.
15. Damgaard, M., 2011. An Introduction to Operational Modal Identification of Offshore Wind Turbine Structures. DCE Technical Memorandum No. 13. Aalborg University.
16. Damgaard, M., Ibsen, L.B., Andersen, L.V., Andersen, J.K.F., 2012. Natural frequency and damping estimation of an offshore wind turbine structure. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Rhodos, Greece. pp. 300-307.
17. Deger, Y., Cantieni, R., Pietrzko, S., 1994. Modal analysis of an arch bridge: experiment, finite element analysis and link. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Modal Analysis Conference. vol. 1. pp. 425-432.
18. Deger, Y., Cantieni, R., Pietrzko, S., Ruecker,W., Rohrmann, R., 1993. Modal analysis of a highway bridge: experiment, finite element analysis and link. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Modal Analysis Conference. vol. 2, pp. 1141-1149.
19. Devriendt, C., Jordaens, P.J., De Sitter, G., Guillaume, P., 2012. Damping estimation of an offshore wind turbine on a monopile foundation. In: Proceedings of the EWEA 2012 Conference, Copenhagen.
20. DNV, 2011. Design of Offshore Wind Turbine Structures. Det Norske Veritas AS.
21. Duron, Z.H., 1995a. Seven Mile Vibration Testing Results from the First Series of Test Performed February 20-07. Research Report Prepared for B.C Hydro and Power Authority, Canada.
22. Duron, Z.H., 1995b. Seven Mile Vibration Testing Results from the Second Series of Test Performed August 14-20. Research Report Prepared for B.C Hydro and Power Authority, Canada.
23. El-Naggar M.H., Shayanfar M.A., Kimiaei M., Aghakouchak A.A. Simplified bnwf model for nonlinear seismic response analysis of offshore piles with nonlinear input ground motion analysis. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 2005, 42:365-380.
24. EN 1991-1-4, 2005. Eurocode 1: Actions on Structures-Part 1-4: General Actions-Wind Actions. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels.
25. Engineering ToolBox, 2012. (accessed 16.02.13). http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com.
26. Green M.F., Cebon D. Dynamic response of highway bridges to heavy vehicle loads: theory and experimental validation. Journal of Sound and Vibration 1994, 170:51-78.
27. Hansen M.H., Thomsen K., Fuglsang P., Knudsen T. Two methods for estimating aeroelastic damping of operational wind turbine modes from experiments. Wind Energy. 2006, 9:179-191.
28. Hansson, M., Hjort, T.H., Thaarup, M., 2005. Data Report 0408 Fredrikshavn Sand. Technical Report. Aalborg University.
29. Høgedal, M., Hald, T., 2005. Scour Assessment and Design for Scour for Monopile Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines. Copenhagen Offshore Wind, Copenhagen.
30. Ibsen, L.B., 2008. Implementation of a new foundations concept for offshore wind farms. In: Proceedings of Nordisk Geoteknikermøtte nr. 15. Sandefjord, Norway.
31. Ibsen, L.B., Liingaard, M., 2006. Prototype Bucket Foundation for Wind Turbines-Natural Frequency Estimation. DCE Technical Report No. 9. Aalborg University.
32. Jensen, J.L., 1990. Full-Scale Measurements of Offshore Platforms. Technical Report. Aalborg University.
33. Klinkvort, R.T., 2009. Laterally Loaded Piles-Centrifuge and Numerical Modelling. Master's Thesis. Technical University of Denmark.
34. Klinkvort, R.T, Hededal, O., Svensson, M., 2011. Laterally cyclic loading of monopile in dense sand. In: Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. vol. 15. pp. 203-208.
35. Kuribayashi, E., Iwasaki, T., 1973. Dynamic properties of highway bridges. In: Proceedings of the 5th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. pp. 938-941.
36. Larsen, T.J., Madsen, H.A., Hansen, A.M., Thomsen, K., 2005. Investigation of Stability Effects of an Offshore Wind Turbine Using the new Aeroelastic Code HAWC2. Copenhagen Offshore Wind, Copenhagen.
37. Leblanc, C., Tarp-Johansen, N.J., 2010. Monopiles in Sand. Stiffness and Damping. Oral Presentation, EWEA 2011, Brussels.
38. Magalhães F., Cunha Á., Caetano E., Brincker R. Damping estimation using free decays and ambient vibration tests. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing. 2010, 24:1274-1290.
39. Miloslav, B., Vladimir, B., Michal, P.., 1994. Dynamic behaviour of footbridge by analysis and test. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Modal Analysis Conference. vol. 1. pp. 687-693.
40. Molenaar, D.P., 2003. Experimental Modal Analysis of a 750kW Wind Turbine for Structural Modal Validation. 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reno, Nevada.
41. Nielsen S.R.K. Linear Vibration Theory 2004, Aalborg Tekniske Universitetsforlag, Denmark. first ed.
42. Nuss, L.K., Chopra, A.K., Hall, J.F., 2003. Comparison of Vibration Generator Tests to Analyses Including Dam-Foundation-Reservoir Interaction for Morrow Point Dam. The Commission International Des Grande Barrages. 20th Congress of Large Dams.
43. Ohlsson, S., 1986. Modal testing of the Tjorn bridge. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Modal Analysis Conference, Florida. pp. 599-605.
44. Osgood, R., Bir, G., Mutha, H., 2010. Full-scale modal wind turbine tests: comparing shaker excitation with wind excitation. In: Proceedings of the 28th International Modal Analysis Conference IMAC XXVIII. Jacksonville, Florida. pp. 113-124.
45. Ovesen N.K., Fuglsang L., Bagge G. Lærebog i Geoteknik 2006, Polyteknisk Forlag, Denmark. second ed.
46. Ozbek, M., Rixen, D.J., 2011. Optical measurements and operational modal analysis on a large wind turbine: lessons learned. In: Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. pp. 257-276.
47. Øye, S., 1996. FLEX 5 User Manual, Lyngby.
48. Pate, J.W., 1997. Dynamic testing of a highway bridge. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Modal Analysis Conference. pp. 2028-2037.
49. Roesen, H.R., Ibsen, L.B., Andersen, L., 2012. Small-scale testing rig for long-term cyclic loaded monopiles in cohesionless soil. In: Proceedings of the 16th Nordic Geotechnical Meeting. Copenhagen, Denmark. pp. 435-442.
50. Shepherd R., Charleson A.W. Experimental determination of the dynamic properties of a bridge substructure. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1971, 61:1529-1548.
51. Sumer B.M., Fredsøe J., Christiansen N. Scour around a vertical pile in waves. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, ASCE 1992, 117:15-31.
52. Sørensen, S.P.H., Ibsen, L.B., Frigaard, P., 2010. Experimental evaluation of backfill in scour holes around offshore monopiles. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics. Perth, Australia.
53. Tarp-Johansen, N.J., Andersen, L., Christensen, E.D., Mørch, C., Kallesøe, B., Frandsen, S., 2009. Comparing Sources of Damping of Cross-Wind Motion. The European Offshore Wind Conference & Exhibition, Stockholm.
54. Tcherniak, D., Chauhan, S., Rosseth, M., Font, I., Basurko, J., Salgado, O., 2010. Output-Only Modal Analysis on Operating Wind Turbines: Application to Simulated Data. European Wind Energy Conference. Warsaw, Poland.
55. Versteijlen, W.G., Metrikine, A.V., Hoving, J.S., Smid, E., De Vries, W.E., 2011. Estimation of the vibration decrement of an offshore wind turbine support structure caused by its interaction with soil. In: Proceedings of the EWEA Offshore 2011 Conference, Amsterdam.
56. Wood, M.G., Friswell, M.I., Penny, J.E.T., 1992. Exciting large structures using a bolt gun. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Modal Analysis Conference. pp. 233-238.
57. Zang L., Silva F., Grismala R. Ultimate lateral resistance to piles in cohesionless soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 2005, 131:78-83.