Underprescribing of clozapine and unexplained variation in use across hospitals and regions in the canadian province of Quebec

Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 33-41

  Latimer, Eric ^a,b   Wynant, Willy ^b   Clark, Robin ^c   Malla, Ashok ^a,b   Moodie, Erica ^a   Tamblyn, Robyn ^a   Naidu, Adonia ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b DOUGLAS MENTAL HEALTH UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

Author keywords

Antipsychotics; Clozapine; Epidemiology; Evidence based treatment; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

CLOZAPINE;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CANADA; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HEALTH INSURANCE; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRESCRIPTION; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; CLOZAPINE; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DRUG COSTS; DRUG PRESCRIPTIONS; FEMALE; HOSPITALS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS; PHYSICIAN'S PRACTICE PATTERNS; PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS; QUEBEC; SCHIZOPHRENIA; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84876352942     PISSN: 19351232     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3371/CSRP.LAWY.012513     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Conley RR, Kelly DL. Management of treatment resistance in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2001;50(11):898-911. (Pubitemid 34020701)
2. Kelly DL, Kreyenbuhl J, Dixon L, Love RC, Medoff D, Conley RR. Clozapine underutilization and discontinuation in African Americans due to leucopenia. SchizophrBull2007;33(5):1221-1224. (Pubitemid 47347911)
3. Meltzer HY. Treatment-resistant schizophrenia-The role of clozapine. Curr Med Res Opin 1997;14(1):1-20.
4. Duggan A, Warner J, Knapp M, Kerwin R. Modelling the impact of clozapine on suicide in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia in the UK. Br J Psychiatry 2003;182:505-508.
5. Buchanan RW, Kreyenbuhl J, Kelly DL, Noel JM, Boggs DL, Fischer BA, et al.; Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT). The 2009 schizophre-nia PORT psychopharmacological treatment recommendations and summary statements. Schizophr Bull 2010;36(1):71-93.
6. Lewis SW, Barnes TR, Davies L, Murray RM, Dunn G, Hayhurst KP, et al. Ran-domized controlled trial of effect of prescription of clozapine versus other sec-ond-generation antipsychotic drugs in resistant schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2006;32(4):715-723. (Pubitemid 44412859)
7. McEvoy JP, Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, Davis SM, Meltzer HY, Rosenheck RA, et al.; CATIE Investigators. Effectiveness of clozapine versus olanzapine, quetiap-ine, and risperidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia who did not respond to prior atypical antipsychotic treatment. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163(4):600-610. (Pubitemid 44464569)
8. Chakos M, Lieberman J, Hoffman E, Bradford D, Sheitman B. Effectiveness of second-generation antipsychotics in patients with treatment-resistant schizo-phrenia: a review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Psychiatry 2001;158(4):518-526. (Pubitemid 32289814)
9. Munro J, O'Sullivan D, Andrews C, Arana A, Mortimer A, Kerwin R. Active monitoring of 12,760 clozapine recipients in the UK and Ireland. Beyond phar-macovigilance. Br J Psychiatry 1999;175:576-580.
10. Meltzer HY, Alphs L, Green AI, Altamura AC, Anand R, Bertoldi A, et al.; Inter-national Suicide Prevention Trial Study Group. Clozapine treatment for suicid-ality in schizophrenia: International Suicide Prevention Trial (InterSePT). Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60(1):82-91. (Pubitemid 36070868)
11. Rosenheck R, Cramer J, Xu W, Thomas J, Henderson W, Frisman L, et al. A comparison of clozapine and haloperidol in hospitalized patients with refrac-tory schizophrenia. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Clozapine in Refractory Schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 1997;337(12):809-815.
12. Hayhurst KP, Brown P, Lewis SW. The cost-effectiveness of clozapine: a controlled, population-based, mirror-image study. J Psychopharmacol 2002;16(2):169-175. (Pubitemid 34614887)
13. Aitchison KJ, Kerwin RW. Cost-effectiveness of clozapine. A UK clinic-based study. BrJ Psychiatry 1997;171:125-130. (Pubitemid 27345143)
14. Rummel-Kluge C, Komossa K, Schwarz S, Hunger H, Schmid F, Lobos CA, et al. Head-to-head comparisons of metabolic side effects of second generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2010;123(2-3):225-233.
15. Alvir JM, Lieberman JA, Safterman AZ, Schwimmer JL, Schaaf JA. Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis. Incidence and risk factors in the United States. N Engl JMed1993;329(3):162-167. (Pubitemid 23195736)
16. Mortimer AM, Singh P, Shepherd CJ, Puthiryackal J. Clozapine for treatment-resistant schizophrenia: National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) guid-ance in the real world. Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses 2010;4(1):49-55.
17. Weissman EM. Antipsychotic prescribing practices in the Veterans Healthcare Administration- - New York metropolitan region. Schizophr Bull 2002;28(1):31-42. (Pubitemid 34534748)
18. Conley RR, Kelly DL, Lambert TJ, Love RC. Comparison of clozapine use in Maryland and in Victoria, Australia. Psychiatr Serv 2005;56(3):320-323. (Pubitemid 40333565)
19. Wheeler A, Humberstone V, Robinson E, Sheridan J, Joyce P. Impact of audit and feedback on antipsychotic prescribing in schizophrenia. J Eval Clin Pract 2009;15(3):441-450.
20. Hayhurst KP, Brown P, Lewis SW. Postcode prescribing for schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2003;182:281-283. (Pubitemid 36408274)
21. Leslie DL, Rosenheck RA. Benchmarking the quality of schizophrenia pharma-cotherapy: a comparison of the Department of Veterans Affairs and the private sector. J Ment Health Policy Econ 2003;6(3):1 13-121. (Pubitemid 37408227)
22. Stroup TS, Lieberman JA, McEvoy JP, Davis SM, Swartz MS, Keefe RS, et al. Re-sults of phase 3 of the CATIE schizophrenia trial. Schizophr Res 2009;107(1):1-12.
23. Wennberg JE. Practice variations and health care reform: connecting the dots. Health Aff (Millwood) 2004;Suppl Variation:VAR140-144.
24. Palmer BA, Pankratz VS, Bostwick JM. The lifetime risk of suicide in schizo-phrenia: a reexamination. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62(3):247-253. (Pubitemid 40990969)
25. Hennen J, Baldessarini RJ. Suicidal risk during treatment with clozapine: a me-ta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2005;73(2-3):139-145. (Pubitemid 40103558)
26. Krakowski MI, Czobor P, Citrome L, Bark N, Cooper TB. Atypical antipsychotic agents in the treatment of violent patients with schizophrenia and schizoaftec-tive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006;63(6):622-629. (Pubitemid 43848293)
27. Green AI, Noordsy DL, Brunette MF, O'Keefe C. Substance abuse and schizo-phrenia: pharmacotherapeutic intervention. J Subst Abuse Treat 2008;34(1):61-71. (Pubitemid 350216350)
28. Suppes T, Webb A, Paul B, Carmody T, Kraemer H, Rush AJ. Clinical outcome in a randomized 1-year trial of clozapine versus treatment as usual for pa-tients with treatment-resistant illness and a history of mania. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156(8):1164-1169. (Pubitemid 29374874)
29. Joober R, Boksa P. Clozapine: a distinct, poorly understood and under-used molecule. J Psychiatry Neurosci2010;35(3):147-149.
30. Tiihonen J, Lonnqvist J, Wahlbeck K, Klaukka T, Niskanen L, Tanskanen A, et al. 11 -year follow-up of mortality in patients with schizophrenia: a population-based cohort study (FIN11 study). Lancet 2009;374(9690):620-627.
31. De Hert M, Correll CU, Cohen D. Do antipsychotic medications reduce or increase mortality in schizophrenia? A critical appraisal of the FIN-11 study. Schizophr Res 2010;117(1):68-74.
32. Tiihonen J, Wahlbeck K, Lonnqvist J, Klaukka T, Ioannidis JP, Volavka J, et al. Effectiveness of antipsychotic treatments in a nationwide cohort of patients in community care after first hospitalisation due to schizophrenia and schizoaftec-tive disorder: observational follow-up study. BMJ 2006;333(7561):224.
33. Cooper D, Moisan J, Gregoire JP. Adherence to atypical antipsychotic treatment among newly treated patients: a population-based study in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 2007;68(6):818-825. (Pubitemid 47015479)
34. Black LL, Greenidge LL, Ehmann T, Ganesan S, Honer WG. A centralized system for monitoring clozapine use in British Columbia. Psychiatr Serv 1996;47(1):81-83. (Pubitemid 26023953)
35. Bond GR, Drake RE, Mueser KT, Latimer E. Assertive community treatment for people with severe mental illness: critical ingredients and impact on patients. Dis Manage Health Outcomes 2001;9(3):141-159. (Pubitemid 32240880)
36. Jamtvedt G, Young JM, Kristoftersen DT, O'Brien MA, Oxman AD. Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Reviews 2006 April 19;(2):CD000259.
37. Jacobs P, Dewa C, Lesage A, Vasiliadis H-M, Escober C, Mulvale G, et al. The cost of mental health and substance abuse in Canada. Alberta, Canada: Institute of Health Economics; 2010. p. 42.