The use of sediment profile imaging (SPI) for environmental impact assessments and monitoring studies: Lessons learned from the past four decades

Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review

Volumn 49, Issue , 2011, Pages 235-297

  Germano, Joseph D ^a   Rhoads, Donald C ^b   Valente, Raymond M ^c   Carey, Drew A ^d   Solan, Martin ^e  

^a Germano and Associates Inc   (United States)

^b CoastalVision LLC ^*  (United States)

^c Germano and Associates Inc   (United States)

^d NONE   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84876292644     PISSN: 00783218     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (234)

1. Aller, R.C. 1982. The effects of macrobenthos on chemical properties of marine sediment and overlying water. In Animal-Sediment Relations-The Biogenic Alteration of Sediment, P.L. McCall & M.J.S. Tevesz (eds). New York: Plenum Press, 53-102
2. Aller, R.C. 1994. Bioturbation and remineralization of sedimentary organic matter: effects of redox oscillation. Chemical Geology 114, 331-345
3. Badino, G., Bona, F., Maffiotti, A., Giovanardi, O. & Pranovi, F. 2004. Impact of mechanical clam harvesting on a benthic habitat: evaluation by means of sediment profile imaging. Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 14, S59-S67
4. Ball, B., Munday, B. & Tuck, I. 2000. Effects of otter trawling on the benthos and environment in muddy sediments. In Effects of Fishing on Non-target Species and Habitats, M.J. Kaiser & S.J. de Groot (eds). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science, 69-82
5. Bekkby, T., Nilsson, H.C., Olsgard, F., Rygg, B., Isachsen, P.E. & Isaeus, M. 2008. Identifying soft sediments at sea using GIS modelled predictor variables and sediment profile image (SPI) measured response variables. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 79, 631-636
6. Birchenough, S.N.R., Boyd, S.E., Coggan, R.A., Limpenny, D.S., Meadows, W.J. & Rees, H.L. 2006. Lights, camera and acoustics: assessing macrobenthic communities at a dredged material disposal site off the north-east coast of the UK. Journal of Marine Systems 62, 204-216
7. Blanpain, O., du Bois, P.B., Cugier, P., Lafite, R., Lunven, M., Dupont, J., Le Gall, E., Legrand, J. & Pichavant, P. 2009. Dynamic sediment profile imaging (DySPI): a new field method for the study of dynamic processes at the sediment-water interface. Limnology and Oceanography Methods 7, 8-20
8. Bokuniewicz, H.J., Gordon, R.B. & Rhoads, D.C. 1975. Mechanical properties of the sediment-water interface. Marine Geology 18, 263-278
9. Bona, F. 2006. Effect of seaweed proliferation on benthic habitat quality assessed by Sediment Profile Imaging. Journal of Marine Systems 62, 142-151
10. Bona, F., Cecconi, G. & Maffiotti, A. 2000. An integrated approach to assess the benthic quality after sediment capping in Venice lagoon. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management 3, 379-386
11. Bona, F., Fieschi, M., Maffiotti, A. & Rhoads, D.C. 1994. Nova techniche di monitoraggio per il controllo ambientale do lagune, estuary e mari. Inquimamento 7, 60-65
12. Bonsdorff, E., Diaz, R.J., Rosenberg, R., Norkko, A. & Cutter, G.R. 1996. Characterization of soft-bottom benthic habitats of the ?land islands, northern Baltic Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 142, 235-245
13. Borja, A., Franco, J. & Perez, V. 2000. A marine biotic index to establish the ecological quality of soft-bottom benthos within European estuarine and coastal environments. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40, 1100-1114
14. Boyer, L.F. 1985. Animal-sediment interactions in marine and freshwater muddy sediments: a sediment profile camera perspective. Estuaries 8, 63A
15. Boyer, L.F., Diaz, R.J. & Hedrick, J.D. 1988. Computer image-analysis techniques and video-sediment-profile camera enhancements provide a unique and quantitative view of life at or beneath the sediment-water interface. In Proceedings of the Oceans '88 Conference. Baltimore: Marine Technology Society, 448-453
16. Boyer, L.F. & Hedrick, J.D. 1989. Submersible deployed video sediment profile camera system for benthic studies. Journal of Great Lakes Research 15, 34-45
17. Boyer, L.F. & Shen, E.J. 1988. Sediment profile camera study of Milwaukee harbour sediments. Journal of Great Lakes Research 14, 444-465
18. Boyer, L.F. & Whitlatch, R.B. 1989. In situ studies of organism-sediment relationships in the Caribou Island Basin, Lake Superior. Journal of Great Lakes Research 15, 147-155
19. Brandt, A., Gooday, A.J., Brandao, S.N., Brix, S., Brökeland, W., Cedhagen, T., Choudhury, M., Cornelius, N., Danis, B., De Mesel, I., Diaz, R.J., Gillan, D.C., Ebbe, B., Howe, J.A., Janussen, D., Kaiser, S., Linse, K., Malyutina, M., Pawlowski, J., Raupach, M. & Vanreusel, A. 2007. First insights into the biodiversity and biogeography of the Southern Ocean deep sea. Nature 447, 307-311
20. Bull, D.C. & Williamson, R.B. 2001. Prediction of principal metal-binding solid phases in estuarine sediments from color image analysis. Environmental Science and Technology 35, 1658-1662
21. Callier, M.D., McKindsey, C.W. & Desrosiers, G. 2008. Evaluation of indicators used to detect mussel farm influence on the benthos: two case studies in the Magdalen Islands, Eastern Canada. Aquaculture 278, 77-88
22. Carey, D.A., Morris, J.T., Murray, P. & Fredette, T.J. 1997. Subaqueous capping in New England: wise use of dredged materials. In International Workshop on Dredged Material Beneficial Uses, Baltimore, Maryland, M.C. Landin (ed.). Vicksburg, Mississippi: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 125-126
23. Carey, D.A., Wright, C. & Esten, M.E. 2010. Brenton Reef historic disposal site survey 2007. DAMOS Contribution No. 181. Concord, Massachusetts: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England Division
24. Carroll, M.L., Cochrane, S., Fieler, R., Velvin, R. & White, P. 2003. Organic enrichment of sediments from salmon farming in Norway: environmental factors, management practices, and monitoring techniques. Aquaculture 226, 165-180
25. Cicchetti, G, Latimer, J.S., Rego, S.A., Nelson, W.G., Bergen, B.J. & Coiro, L.L. 2006. Relationships between near-bottom dissolved oxygen and sediment profile camera measures. Journal of Marine Systems 62, 124-141
26. Chapman, P.M. 1996. Presentation and interpretation of Sediment Quality Triad data. Ecotoxicology 5, 327-339
27. Clarke, D. & Miller-Way, T. 1992. An environmental assessment of the effects of open-water disposal of maintenance dredged material on benthic resources in Mobile Bay, Alabama. Miscellaneous Paper D-92-1. Vicksburg, Mississippi: US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station
28. CoastalVision. 2010. Evaluation of sediment and benthos characteristics along potential cable routes and turbine locations for the proposed Block Island Wind Farm. Newport, RI. Report prepared for Deepwater Wind, Providence, Rhode Island
29. Corbett, D.R., Walsh, J.P. & Marciniak, K. 2009. Temporal and spatial variability of trace metals in sediments of two adjacent tributaries of the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, USA. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58, 1739-1747
30. Cranfield, H.J., Rowden, A.A., Smith, D.J., Gordon, D.P. & Michael, K.P. 2004. Macrofaunal assemblages of benthic habitat of different complexity and the proposition of a model of biogenic reef habitat regeneration in Foveaux Strait, New Zealand. Journal of Sea Research 52, 109-125
31. Crawley, M.J. 2002. Statistical Computing. An Introduction to Data Analysis Using S-Plus. London: Wiley
32. Cutter, G.R., Jr. & Diaz, R.J. 1998. Novel optical remote sensing and ground-truthing of benthic habitat using the Burrow-Cutter-Diaz plowing sediment profile camera system (BCD sled). Journal of Shellfish Research 17, 1443-1444
33. Cutter, G.R., Jr. & Diaz, R.J. 2000. Biological alteration of physically structured flood deposits on the Eel margin, northern California. Continental Shelf Research 20, 235-253
34. Day, M.E., Schaffner, L.C. & Diaz, R.J. 1988. Long Island Sound sediment quality survey and analyses. Final report prepared for NOAA, NOS, OMA. Rockville, Maryland: Tetra Tech
35. Diaz, R.J. 2004. Biological and physical processes structuring deep-sea surface sediments in the Scotia and Weddell Seas, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Research II 51, 1515-1532
36. Diaz, R.J. & Cutter, G.R., Jr. 2001. In situ measurement of organism-sediment interaction: rates of burrow formation/abandonment and sediment oxidation/reduction. In Organism-Sediment Interactions, J.Y. Aller et al. (eds). Columbia, South Carolina: Belle W. Baruch Library in Marine Science, University of South Carolina Press, 19-32
37. Diaz, R.J., Cutter, G.R., Jr. & Dauer, D.M. 2003. A comparison of two methods for estimating the status of benthic habitat quality in the Virginia Chesapeake Bay. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 285, 371-381
38. Diaz, R.J., Cutter, G.R., Jr. & Hobbs, C.H. 2004. Potential impacts of sand mining offshore of Maryland and Delaware: part 2-biological considerations. Journal of Coastal Research 20, 61-69
39. Diaz, R.J., Cutter, G.R., Jr. & Rhoads, D.C. 1994. The importance of bioturbation to continental slope sediment structure and benthic processes off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Deep-Sea Research II 41, 719-734
40. Diaz, R.J., Hansson, L.J., Rosenberg, R., Gapcynski, P.C. & Unger, M.A. 1993. Rapid sedimentological and biological assessment of hydrocarbon contaminated sediments. Water Air and Soil Pollution 66, 251-266
41. Diaz, R.J., Neubauer, R.J., Schaffner, L.C., Pihl, L. & Baden, S.P. 1992. Continuous monitoring of dissolved oxygen in an estuary experiencing periodic hypoxia and the effect of hypoxia on macrobenthos and fish. Science of the Total Environment Suppl. 1992, 1055-1068
42. Diaz, R.J., Rhoads, D.C., Blake, J.A., Kropp, R.K. & Keay, K.E. 2008. Long-term trends of benthic habitats related to reduction in wastewater discharge to Boston Harbor. Estuaries and Coasts 31, 1184-1197
43. Diaz, R.J. & Rosenberg, R. 1995. Marine benthic hypoxia: a review of its ecological effects and the behavioural responses of benthic macrofauna. Oceanography and Marine Biology An Annual Review 33, 245-303
44. Diaz, R.J. & Rosenberg, R. 2008. Spreading dead zones and consequences for marine ecosystems. Science 321, 926-929
45. Diaz, R.J., Rosenberg, R., Rabalais, N.N. & Levin, L.A. 2009. Dead zone dilemma. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58, 1767-1768
46. Diaz, R.J. & Schaffner, L.C. 1988. Comparison of sediment landscapes in Chesapeake Bay as seen by surface and profile imaging. In Understanding the Estuary: Advances in Chesapeake Bay Research, Publication 129, CBP/TRS 24/88, M.P. Lynch & E.C. Krome (eds). Solomons, Maryland: Chesapeake Research Consortium, 222-240
47. Diaz, R.J., Solan, M. & Valente, R. 2004. A review of approaches for classifying benthic habitats and evaluating habitat quality. Journal of Environmental Management 73, 165-181
48. Diaz, R.J. & Trefry, J.H. 2006. Comparison of sediment profile image data with profiles of oxygen and Eh from sediment cores. Journal of Marine Systems 62, 164-172
49. Dorgan, K.M., Jumars, P.A., Johnson, B., Boudreau, B.P. & Landis, E. 2005. Burrow extension by crack propagation. Nature 433, 475
50. Dorgan, K.M., Jumars, P.A., Johnson, B.D. & Boudreau, B.P. 2006. Macrofaunal burrowing: the medium is the message. Oceanography and Marine Biology An Annual Review 44, 85-121
51. ENSR. 2007. San Francisco Deep Ocean Dredged Material Disposal Site (SF-DODS) monitoring program: September 2006. Woods Hole, Massachusetts: Final Report prepared for the Port of Oakland and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District
52. Fan, Y., Zhu, Q., Aller, R.C. & Rhoads, D.C. in press. An in situ multispectral imaging system for planar optodes in sediments: examples of high resolution seasonal patterns of pH. Aquatic Geochemistry
53. Fenchel, T. 1969. The ecology of marine microbenthos IV. Structure and function of the benthic ecosystem, its chemical and physical factors and the microfauna communities with special reference to the ciliated protozoa. Ophelia 6, 1-182
54. Fredette, T.J. 1998. DAMOS: Twenty years of dredged material disposal site monitoring. Isn't that enough? Chemistry and Ecology 14, 231-239
55. Fredette, T.J., Clausner, J.E., Nelson, D.A., Hands, E.B., Miller-Way, T., Adair, J.A., Sotler, V.A. & Anders, F.J. 1990. Selected tools and techniques for physical and biological monitoring of aquatic dredged material disposal sites. Technical Report D-90-11, NTIS No. AD-A229 442. Prepared for U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi
56. Fredette, T.J., Clausner, J.E., Palermo, M.R., Bratos, S.M., Prickett, T.L., Johnson, B.H., Brouwer, M.S., Ryan, J.A., Smith, L.J., Nevarez, E.E., Schauffler, F.K. & McDowell, S. 2002a. Field pilot study of in situ capping of Palos Verdes Shelf contaminated sediments. ERDC TR-02-5. Vicksburg, Mississippi: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center
57. Fredette, T.J. & French, G.T. 2004. Understanding the physical and environmental consequences of dredged material disposal: history in New England and current perspectives. Marine Pollution Bulletin 49, 93-102
58. Fredette, T.J., Germano, J.D., Carey, D.A., Murray, P.M. & Kullberg, P. 1992. Chemical stability of capped dredged material disposal mounds in Long Island Sound, USA. Chemistry and Ecology 7, 173-194
59. Fredette, T.J., Jackson, P.E., Rogers, C.J., Hadden, D.A., Wolf, S.H., Nowak, T.A., Jr. & DeAngelo, E. 2002b. Monitoring results from the Boston Harbor Navigation Improvement Project Confined Aquatic Disposal Cells. In Dredged Material Management-Options and Environmental Considerations, Proceedings of a Conference, December 3-6, 2000, J. Pederson & E.E. Adams (eds). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Sea Grant College Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 3-10
60. Fyfe, J.A., Shaw, R., Campbell, S.D.G., Lai, K.W. & Kirk, P.A. 2000. The Quaternary Geology of Hong Kong. Kowloon, Hong Kong: Geotechnical Engineering Office, Civil Engineering Department, the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
61. Gerino, M., Aller, R.C., Lee, C., Cochran, J.K., Aller, J.Y., Green, M.A. & Hirschberg, D. 1998. Comparison of different tracers and methods used to quantify bioturbation during a spring bloom: 234-thorium, luminophores and chlorophyll a. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 46, 531-547
62. Germano & Associates, Inc. 2001. Sediment profile imaging survey: Daya Bay, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China, September 27-October 1, 2001. Bellevue, Washington: Final report prepared for Arthur D. Little, Ltd., Cambridge, UK
63. Germano & Associates, Inc. 2002. Sediment profile imaging survey in the Gulf of Mexico. Bellevue, Washington: Final report prepared for R.J. Diaz & Daughters
64. Germano & Associates, Inc. 2004. The effects of seafood waste discharges on the benthic environment at Ketchikan, Alaska. Bellevue, Washington: Final report prepared for Tetra Tech, Inc
65. Germano & Associates, Inc. 2010. Evaluation of sediment and benthos characteristics at the completed northern pipeline route for the Neptune deepwater port location in Massachusetts Bay, USA: first post-construction survey. Bellevue, Washington: Final report prepared for Ecology & Environment, Inc
66. Germano, J.D. 1983a. High resolution sediment profiling with REMOTS® camera system. Sea Technology 24, 35-41
67. Germano, J.D. 1983b. Infaunal succession in Long Island Sound: animal-sediment interactions and the effects of predation. PhD dissertation, Yale University, New Haven, CT
68. Germano, J.D. 1994. Environmental mediation and open water disposal. In Dredging '94. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Dredging and Dredged Material Placement, E. Clark McNair, Jr. (ed.). New York: American Society of Civil Engineers, 160-169
69. Germano, J.D. 1995. Sediment profile imaging: a rapid seafloor impact assessment tool for oil spills. In Proceedings of the Eighteenth Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program (AMOP) Technical Seminar, M. Fingus (ed.). Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Environment Canada, 1271-1279
70. Germano, J.D. 2003. Designing borrow pit CAD sites: remember Newton's Third Law! In Proceedings of the Western Dredging Association Twenty-Third Technical Conference, CDS Report No. 376 [CD], R.E. Randall (ed.). College Station, Texas: Center for Dredging Studies, Texas A&M University, 302-312
71. Germano, J.D. 1999. Ecology, statistics, and the art of misdiagnosis: the need for a paradigm shift. Environmental Reviews 7, 167-190
72. Germano, J.D. & Browning, D.G. 2006. Marine log transfer facilities and wood waste: when dredging is not your final answer. In Proceedings of the Western Dredging Association Twenty-Sixth Technical Conference. June 25-28, 2006, San Diego, CA [CD], R.E. Randall (ed.). College Station, Texas: Center for Dredging Studies, Texas A&M University
73. Germano, J.D. & Read, L.B. 2002. Natural recovery at a submarine wood waste site. In Remediation and Beneficial Reuse of Contaminated Sediments. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments, Venice, Italy, October 10-12, 2001, R.E. Hinchee et al. (eds). Columbus, Ohio: Battelle Memorial Institute Press, 395-402
74. Germano, J.D., Read, L.B., Myre, P.L., Valente, R.M., Rhoads, D.C., Solan, M. & Carey, D.A. In preparation. Through a glass darkly: Comparing results from sediment-profile images (SPI) and grab samples. Journal of Marine Research
75. Germano, J.D., Reid, C.A., Whiteside, P.G.D. & Kennish, R. 2002. Field verification of computer models predicting plume dispersion in Hong Kong. In Dredging '02. Key Technologies for Global Prosperity, Proceedings of the Third Specialty Conference on Dredging and Dredged Material Disposal, May 5-8, 2002 [CD], S. Garbaciak, Jr. (ed.). Orlando, Florida: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
76. Germano, J.D. & Rhoads, D.C. 1984. REMOTS® sediment profiling at the field verification program (FVP) disposal site. In Dredging and Dredged Material Disposal Proceedings, Volume 1, R.L. Montgomery & J.W. Leach (eds). New York: American Society of Civil Engineers, 536-544
77. Germano, J.D., Rhoads, D.C., Boyer, L.F., Menzie, C.A. & Ryther, J.A., Jr. 1989. REMOTS® imaging and side-scan sonar: efficient tools for mapping sea floor topography, sediment type, bedforms, and biology. In Oceanic Processes in Marine Pollution. Volume 4: Scientific Monitoring Strategies for Ocean Waste Disposal, D.W. Hood et al. (eds). Malabar, Florida: Krieger, 39-48
78. Germano, J.D., Rhoads, D.C. & Lunz, J.D. 1994. An integrated, tiered approach to monitoring and management of dredged material disposal sites in the New England region. DAMOS Contribution No. 87. Waltham, Massachusetts: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England Division
79. Glud, R.N., Klimant, I., Holst, G., Kohls, O., Meyer, V., Kuhl, M. & Gundersen, J.K. 1999. Adaptation, test and in situ measurements with O2 microopt(r)odes on benthic landers. Deep-Sea Research 46, 171-183
80. Glud, R.N., Tengberg, A., Kuhl, M., Hall, P.O.J. & Klimant, I. 2001. An in situ instrument for planar O2 optode measurements at benthic interfaces. Limnology and Oceanography 46, 2073-2080
81. Godbold, J.A. & Solan, M. 2009. Relative importance of biodiversity and the environment in mediating ecosystem process. Marine Ecology Progress Series 396, 281-290
82. Gowing, L., Priestley, S. & Kennedy, P. 1997. Monitoring the Hauraki Gulf dredgings disposal site using REMOTS® and other established sampling techniques. In Pacific Coasts and Ports '97: Proceedings of the 13th Australasian Coastal and Ocean Engineering Conference and the 6th Australasian Port and Harbour Conference, Volume 2. Christchurch, NZ: Centre for Advanced Engineering, University of Canterbury, 1997, 882-887
83. Gray, J.S. 1974. Animal-sediment relationships. Oceanography and Marine Biology An Annual Review 12, 223-261
84. Greges, M. 1994. Ocean disposal with capping of dioxin contaminated sediment: New York case history #1. In Dredging '94: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Dredging and Dredged Material Placement, E.C. McNair, Jr. (ed.). New York: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1278-1284
85. Grehan, A.J., Keegan, B.F., Bhaud, M. & Guille, A. 1992. Sediment profile imaging of soft substrates in the western Mediterranean-the extent and importance of faunal reworking. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Serie II I-Sciences de la Vie-Life Sciences 315, 309-315
86. Grizzle, R.E. & Penniman, C.A. 1991. Effects of organic enrichment on estuarine macrofaunal benthos: a comparison of sediment profile imaging and traditional methods. Marine Ecology Progress Series 74, 249-262
87. Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission (GSMFC). 2000. Annotated bibliography of fishing impacts on habitat-October 2000 update. In Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission Publication No. 78, J.K. Rester (ed.). Ocean Springs, Mississippi. Available HTTP: http://www.gsmfc.org/pubs/Habitat/fishingimpacts10-00.pdf (accessed 10 September 2010)
88. Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission (GSMFC). 2003. Annotated bibliography of fishing impacts on habitat-September 2003 update. In Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission Publication No. 115, J.K. Rester (ed.). Ocean Springs, Mississippi. Available HTTP: http://www.gsmfc.org/pubs/Habitat/fishingimpacts9-03.pdf (accessed 10 September 2010)
89. Hampson, G.R. 1987. Ground truth verification of a REMOTS® survey of Buzzards Bay. Woods Hole, Massachusetts: Final draft report prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region I, Water Management Division
90. Howe, J.A., Shimmield, T.M. & Diaz, R.J. 2004. Deep-water sedimentary environments of the northwestern Weddell Sea and South Sandwich Islands, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Research II 51, 1489-1514
91. Howe, J.A., Wilson, C.R., Shimmield, T.M., Diaz, R.J. & Carpenter, L.W. 2007. Recent deep-water sedimentation, trace metal and radioisotope geochemistry across the Southern Ocean and Northern Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Research II 54, 1652-1681
92. Huettel, M., Ziebis, W., Forster., S., & Luther, G.W., III. 1998. Advective transport affecting metal and nutrient distributions and interfacial fluxes in permeable sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62, 613-631
93. Hyypä, J., Hyypä, H., Inkinen, M., Engdahl, M., Linko, S. & Zhu, Y.-H. 2000. Accuracy comparison of various remote sensing data sources in the retrieval of forest stand attributes. Forest Ecology and Management 128, 109-120
94. Iocco, L.E., Stevenson, B. & Diaz, R.J. 2000a. Apalachicola Bay Benthic Mapping Project October 1999: data report. Charleston, South Carolina: NOAA Coastal Services Center
95. Iocco, L.E., Wilber, P., Diaz, R.J., Clarke, D.G. & Will, R.J. 2000b. Benthic habitats of New York/New Jersey Harbor: 1995 Survey of Jamaica, Upper, Newark, Bowery, and Flushing Bays. Charleston, South Carolina: NOAA Coastal Services Center
96. Johnson, R.G. 1972. Conceptual models of benthic marine communities. In Models in Paleobiology, T.J.M. Schopf (ed.). San Francisco: Freeman, Cooper & Co., 149-159
97. Josefson, A.B., Forbes, T.L. & Rosenberg, R. 2002. Fate of phytodetritus in marine sediments: functional importance of macrofaunal community. Marine Ecology Progress Series 230, 71-85
98. Karakassis, I., Tsapakis, M., Smith, C.J. & Rumohr, H. 2002. Fish farming impacts in the Mediterranean studied through sediment profiling imagery. Marine Ecology Progress Series 227, 125-133
99. Keegan, B.F. & Retière, C. 1987. Marine pollution. Environmental monitoring of soft sea floors by means of electronic imaging of the sediment profile. Galway, Ireland: Summary report on Contract No. B-04-08, Commission of the European Communities
100. Keegan, B.F., Rhoads, D.C., Germano, J.D., Solan, M., Kennedy, R., O'Connor, I., O'Connor, B., McGrath, D., Dinneen, P., Acevedo, S., Young, S., Grehan, A. & Costelloe, J. 2001. Sediment profile imagery (SPI) as a benthic monitoring tool-introduction to a long term case history evaluation (Galway Bay, west coast of Ireland). In Organism-Sediment Interactions, J.Y. Aller et al. (eds). Columbia, South Carolina: Belle W. Baruch Library in Marine Science, University of South Carolina Press, 43-62
101. Kennedy, J.J. 1995. The courtship, pseudo-copulation behavior and spermatophore of Turritella communis Risso 1826 (Prosobranchia, Turritellidae). Journal of Molluscan Studies 61, 421-434
102. Kennedy, R. 2006. Introduction to the proceedings of the Sediment Profile Imagery Colloquium of Experts (SPICE). Journal of Marine Systems 62, 121-123
103. Lindeboom, H.J. & S.J. de Groot (eds). 1998. IMPACT II-the effects of different types of fisheries on the North Sea and Irish Sea benthic ecosystems. Rapport 1998(1). Den Burg, Texel (the Netherlands): NIOZ
104. Lyle, M. 1983. The brown-green colour transition in marine sediments: a marker of the Fe(III)-Fe(II) redox boundary. Limnology and Oceanography 28, 1026-1033
105. Makra, A., Thessalou-Legaki, M., Costelloe, J., Nicolaidou, A. & Keegan, B.F. 2001. Mapping the pollution gradient of the Saronikos Gulf benthos prior to the operation of the Athens sewage treatment plant, Greece. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42, 1417-1419
106. Marine Surveys. 1984. Chesapeake Bay Disposal Sites Survey: REMOTS® Baseline Monitoring. February 1984. New Haven, Connecticut: final report prepared for Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA
107. Mascarelli, A. 2010. Deepwater Horizon: after the oil. Nature 467, 22-24
108. Mayor, D.J., Zuur, A.F., Solan, M., Paton, G.I. & Killham, K. 2010. Factors affecting benthic impacts at Scottish fish farms. Environmental Science and Technology 44, 2079-2084
109. McDowell, S.E., May, B. & Pabst, D. 1994. The dioxin capping project at the NY Mud Dump Site. In Dredging '94: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Dredging and Dredged Material Placement, E.C. McNair, Jr. (ed.). New York: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1270-1277
110. Meysman, F.J.R., Boudreau, B. & Middelburg, J.J. 2003. Relations between local, non-local, discrete and continuous models of bioturbation. Journal of Marine Research 61, 391-410
111. Meysman, F.J.R., Malyuga, V.S., Boudreau, B.P. & Middelburg, J.J. 2008. Quantifying particle dispersal in aquatic sediments at short time scales: model selection. Aquatic Biology 2, 239-254
112. Mills, E.L. 1975. Benthic organisms and the structure of marine ecosystems. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 32, 1657-1663
113. Mulsow, S., Krieger, Y. & Kennedy, R. 2006. Sediment profile imaging (SPI) and micro-electrode technologies in impact assessment studies: example from two fjords in Southern Chile used for fish farming. Journal of Marine Systems 62, 152-163
114. Nammalwar, P., Ghita, O. & Whelan, P.F. 2010. A generic framework for colour texture segmentation. Sensor Review 30, 69-79
115. Nestlerode, J.A. & Diaz, R.J. 1998. Effects of periodic environmental hypoxia on predation of a tethered polychaete, Glycera americana: implication for trophic dynamics. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 172, 185-195
116. Newell, R.C., Seiderer, L.J. & Hitchcock, D.R. 1998. The impact of dredging works in coastal waters: a review of the sensitivity to disturbance and subsequent recovery of biological resources on the sea bed. Oceanography and Marine Biology An Annual Review 36, 127-178
117. Nichols, M., Diaz, R.J. & Schaffner, L.C. 1990. Effects of Hopper dredging and sediment dispersion, Chesapeake Bay. Environmental Geology and Water Science 15, 31-43
118. Nilsson, H.C. & Rosenberg, R. 1997. Benthic habitat quality assessment of an oxygen stressed fjord by surface and sediment profile images. Journal of Marine Systems 11, 249-264
119. Nilsson, H.C. & Rosenberg, R. 2000. Succession in marine benthic habitats and fauna in response to oxygen deficiency: analysed by sediment profile-imaging and by grab samples. Marine Ecology Progress Series 197, 139-149
120. Nilsson, H.C. & Rosenberg, R. 2003. Effects on marine sedimentary habitats of experimental trawling analysed by sediment profile imagery. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 285, 453-463
121. Nixon, S. 1990. Marine eutrophication: a growing international problem. Ambio 19, 101
122. ó'Céidigh, E. 1989. A comparison of sediment profile imagery and traditional macrofaunal sampling methods in pollution effects monitoring of marine sediments. MSc thesis, Department of Zoology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
123. O'Connor, B., Hartnett, M. & Costelloe, J. 1991. Site selection and environmental monitoring in the mariculture industry: an integrated protocol. In Aquaculture and the Environment, N. De Pauw & J. Joyce (eds). Ghent, Belgium: European Aquaculture Special Publication No. 16, pp. 191-202
124. O'Connor, B.D.S., Costelloe, J., Keegan, B.F. & Rhoads, D.C. 1989. The use of REMOTS® technology in monitoring coastal enrichment resulting from mariculture. Marine Pollution Bulletin 20, 384-390
125. O'Reilly, R., Kennedy, R., Patterson, A. & Keegan, B.F. 2006a. Ground truthing sediment profile imagery with traditional benthic survey data along an established disturbance gradient. Journal of Marine Systems 62, 189-203
126. O'Reilly, R., Kennedy R. & Patterson, A. 2006b. Destruction of conspecific bioturbation structures by Amphiura filiformis (Ophiuroida): evidence from luminophore tracers and in situ timelapse sediment profile imagery. Marine Ecology Progress Series 315, 99-111
127. Paavo, B.L. 2007. Soft-sediment benthos of Aramoana and Blueskin Bay (Otago, New Zealand) and effects of dredge-spoil disposal. PhD thesis, University of Otago Department of Marine Science, Dunedin, New Zealand
128. Palermo, M.R., Clausner, J.E., Rollings, M.P., Williams, G.L., Myers, T.E., Fredette, T.J. & Randall, R.E. 1998. Guidance for subaqueous dredged material capping. Technical Report DOER-1. Vicksburg, Mississippi: Dredging Operations and Environmental Research Program, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station
129. Patterson, A., Kennedy, R., O'Reilly, R. & Keegan, B.F. 2006. A field test of a low cost novel scanner based sediment profile imaging camera. Limnology and Oceanography Methods 4, 30-37
130. Pearson, T.H. & Rosenberg, R. 1978. Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment. Oceanography and Marine Biology An Annual Review 16, 229-311
131. Pequegnat, W.E., Gallaway, B.J. & Wright, T.D. 1990. Revised procedural guide for designation surveys of ocean dredged material disposal sites. Technical Report D-90-8 prepared for Waterways Experiment Station, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS
132. Petersen, C.G.J. 1913. Valuation of the sea. II. The animal communities of the sea-bottom and their importance for marine zoogeography. Report Danish Biological Station 21, 1-44
133. Pranovi, F., Da Ponte, F., Raicevich, S. & Giovanardi, O. 2003. A synoptic-multidisciplinary study of the immediate effects of mechanical clam-harvesting in the Venice Lagoon. ICES Journal of Marine Science 61, 43-52
134. Quinn, G.P. & Keough, M.J. 2002. Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
135. Raffaelli, D., Solan, M. &Webb, T.J. 2005. Do marine and terrestrial ecologists do it differently? Marine Ecology Progress Series 304, 283-289
136. Rees, H.L., Moore, D.C., Pearson, T.H., Elliott, M., Service, M., Pomfret, J. & Johnson, D. 1990. Procedures for the monitoring of marine benthic communities at UK sewage sludge disposal sites. Scottish Fisheries Information 18. Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland. Available HTTP: http://www.Scotland.gov.uk/Uploads/Documents/No%2018.pdf (accessed 17 February 2011)
137. Reish, D.J. 1955. The relation of polychaetous annelids to harbor pollution. Public Health Reports 70, 1168-1174
138. Revelas, E.C., Germano, J.D. & Rhoads, D.C. 1987a. REMOTS®: Reconnaissance of benthic environments. In Coastal Zone '87, O.T. Magoon et al. (eds). New York: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2069-2083
139. Revelas, E.C., Rhoads, D.C. & Germano, J.D. 1987b. San Francisco Bay Sediment Quality Survey and Analysis. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS/OMA 35. Rockville, Maryland: NTIS
140. Rhoads, D.C. 1970. Mass properties, stability, and ecology of marine muds related to burrowing activity. In Trace Fossils, Geology Journal Special Issue #3, T.P. Crimes & J.C. Harper (eds). Liverpool, UK: Seel House Press, 391-406
141. Rhoads, D.C. 1974. Organism-sediment relations on the muddy seafloor. Oceanography and Marine Biology An Annual Review 12, 263-300
142. Rhoads, D.C. 1995. Measuring hydrocarbon contaminants of the seafloor. Sea Technology 36, 37-42
143. Rhoads, D.C. & Boyer, L.F. 1982. The effects of marine benthos on physical properties of sediments. In Animal-Sediment Relations-The Biogenic Alteration of Sediments, P.L. McCall & M.J.S. Tevesz (eds). New York: Plenum Press, 3-52
144. Rhoads, D.C. & Cande, S. 1971. Sediment profile camera for in situ study of organism-sediment relations. Limnology and Oceanography 16, 110-114
145. Rhoads, D.C. & Germano, J.D. 1982. Characterisation of organism-sediment relations using sediment profile imaging: an efficient method of remote ecological monitoring of the seafloor (REMOTS™ system). Marine Ecology Progress Series 8, 115-128
146. Rhoads, D.C. & Germano, J.D. 1986. Interpreting long-term changes in benthic community structure: a new protocol. Hydrobiologia 142, 291-308
147. Rhoads, D.C. & Germano, J.D. 1990. The use of REMOTS imaging technology for disposal site selection and monitoring. In Geotechnical Engineering of Ocean Waste Disposal, K.R. Demars & R.C. Chaney (eds). Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM STP 1087, 50-64
148. Rhoads, D.C., McCall, P.L. & Yingst, J.Y. 1978. Disturbance and production on the estuarine seafloor. American Scientist 66, 577-586
149. Rhoads, D.C., Mulsow, S.G., Gutschick, R., Baldwin, C.T. & Stolz, J.F., 1991. The dysaerobic zone revisited: a magnetic facies. In: Modern and Ancient Continental Shelf Anoxia. Tyson, R.V. &T.H. Pearson (eds). London: Geological Society Special Publication, 187-199
150. Rhoads, D.C., Valente, R., Germano, J.D., Hilbig, B., Hodgson, G. & Evans, N. 1995. REMOTS® monitoring of dredging, disposal, sand mining, and organic enrichment on the Hong Kong shelf. In Oceans '95 Conference Proceedings, October 9-12, San Diego, CA. Washington, DC: Marine Technology Society, 918-924
151. Rhoads, D.C. & Young, D.K. 1970. The influence of deposit-feeding organisms on sediment stability and community trophic structure. Journal of Marine Research 28, 150-178
152. Rhoads, D.C. & Young, D.K. 1971. Animal sediment relations in Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts. II. Reworking by Molpadia oolitica (Holothuroidea). Marine Biology 11, 255-261
153. Rosenberg, R. 1985. Eutrophication-the future marine coastal nuisance? Marine Pollution Bulletin 16, 227-231
154. Rosenberg, R. 1990. Negative oxygen trends in Swedish coastal bottom waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin 21, 335-339
155. Rosenberg, R. 1995. Benthic marine fauna structured by hydrodynamic processes and food availability. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 34, 303-317
156. Rosenberg, R. 2001. Marine benthic faunal successional stages and related sedimentary activity. Scientia Marina 65, 107-119
157. Rosenberg, R., Agrenius, S., Hellman, B., Nilsson, H.C. & Norling, K. 2002. Recovery of marine benthic habitats and fauna in a Swedish fjord following improved oxygen conditions. Marine Ecology Progress Series 234, 43-53
158. Rosenberg, R., Blomqvist, M., Nilsson, H.C., Cederwall, H. & Dimming, A. 2004. Marine quality assessment by use of benthic species-abundance distributions: a proposed new protocol within the European Union Water Framework Directive. Marine Pollution Bulletin 49, 728-739
159. Rosenberg, R. & Diaz, R.J. 1993. Sulfur bacteria (Beggiatoa spp.) mats indicate hypoxic conditions in the inner Stockholm Archipelago. Ambio 22, 32-36
160. Rosenberg, R., Gremare, A., Amouroux, J.M. & Nilsson, H.C. 2003a. Benthic habitats in the northwest Mediterranean characterized by sedimentary organics, benthic macrofauna and sediment profile images. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 57, 297-311
161. Rosenberg, R., Loo, L.-O. & Möller, P. 1992. Hypoxia, salinity and temperature as structuring factors for marine benthic communities in an eutrophic area. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 30, 121-129
162. Rosenberg, R., Magnusson, M. & Nilsson, H.C. 2009. Temporal and spatial changes in marine benthic habitats in relation to the EU Water Framework Directive: the use of sediment profile imagery. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58, 565-572
163. Rosenberg, R. & Nilsson, H.C. 2005. Deterioration of soft-bottom benthos along the Swedish Skagerrak Coast. Journal of Sea Research 54, 231-242
164. Rosenberg, R., Nilsson, H.C. & Diaz, R.J. 2001. Response of benthic fauna and changing sediment redox profiles over a hypoxic gradient. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 53, 343-350
165. Rosenberg, R., Nilsson, H.C., Gremare, A. & Amouroux, J.M. 2003b. Effects of demersal trawling on marine sedimentary habitats analysed by sediment profile imagery. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 285, 465-477
166. Rosenberg, R., Nilsson, H.C., Hellman, B. & Agrenius, S. 2000. Depth correlated benthic faunal quantity and infaunal burrow structures on the slopes of a marine depression. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 50, 843-853
167. Rosenberg, R., Svensson, A., Nilsson, H.C. & Pettersson, G. 1999. Benthic habitat quality assessment in Asfjorden, Lake Vanern, by sediment profile imaging [in Swedish with English summary]. Vatten 55, 83-87
168. Rumohr, H. 1995. Monitoring the marine environment with imaging methods. Scientia Marina 59, 129-138
169. Rumohr, H., Bonsdorff, E. & Pearson, T.H. 1996. Zoobenthic succession in Baltic sedimentary habitats. Archives of Fisheries and Marine Research 44, 179-214
170. Rumohr, H. & Karakassis, I. 1999. Comparison of multivariate patterns: different taxonomic levels in macrofaunal analysis versus sediment profiling imagery (SPI). Marine Ecology Progress Series 190, 125-132
171. Rumohr, H. & Schomann, H. 1992. REMOTS sediment profiles around an exploratory drilling rig in the southern North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 91, 303-311
172. Schaffner, L.C. 1990. Small-scale organism distributions and patterns of species diversity: evidence for positive interactions in an estuarine benthic community. Marine Ecology Progress Series 61, 107-117
173. Schaffner, L.C., Jonsson, P., Diaz, R.J., Rosenberg, R. & Gapcynski, P. 1992. Benthic communities and bioturbation history of estuarine and coastal systems: effects of hypoxia and anoxia. Science of the Total Environment Suppl. 1992, 1001-1016
174. Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). 1987. REMOTS reconnaissance mapping of near-bottom dissolved oxygen: central to western Long Island Sound August 1986. Boston: Prepared for U.S. EPA Region I, Water Management Division, SAIC Report No. 87/7502&132
175. Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). 1988. REMOTS reconnaissance mapping of near-bottom dissolved oxygen: central to western Long Island Sound August 1987. Boston: Prepared for U.S. EPA Region I, Water Management Division, SAIC Report No. 88/7502&175
176. Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). 1995. Sediment capping of subaqueous dredged material disposal mounds: an overview of the New England experience 1979-1993 (Special Technical Report). DAMOS Contribution No. 95. Waltham, Massachusetts: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England Division
177. Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). 1996. San Francisco Deep Ocean Dredged Material Disposal Site (SF-DODS) Monitoring Program. Physical, chemical, and benthic community monitoring, January 1996. Newport, Rhode Island: Science Applications International Corporation, final report prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District, San Francisco, CA
178. Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). 2001. Monitoring cruise at the New London disposal site, Volume 2, Seawolf Mound, 1995-1998. DAMOS Contribution No. 132. Concord, Massachusetts: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England District
179. Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). 2003a. The Massachusetts Bay disposal site capping demonstration project, 1998-2000. DAMOS Contribution No. 147. Concord, Massachusetts: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England District
180. Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). 2003b. Monitoring survey over Boston Harbor CAD Cell M19. DAMOS Contribution No. 148. Concord, Massachusetts: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England District
181. Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). 2003c. Results of the summer 2002 monitoring surveys of the 1993 Dioxin Capping Project mound at the Historic Area Remediation Site. SAIC Report No. 622. Newport, Rhode Island: Science Applications International Corporation, final report prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New York District
182. Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). 2003d. Results of the summer 2002 monitoring surveys of the 1997 Category II Capping Project mound at the Historic Area Remediation Site. SAIC Report No. 626. Newport, Rhode Island: Science Applications International Corporation, final report prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New York District
183. Shumchenia, E.J. & King, J.W. 2010. Evaluation of sediment profile imagery as a tool for assessing water quality in Greenwich Bay, Rhode Island, USA. Ecological Indicators 10, 818-825
184. Simboura, N., Zenetos, A., Panagiotidis, P. & Makra, A. 1995. Changes in benthic community structure along an environmental pollution gradient. Marine Pollution Bulletin 30, 470-474
185. Smith, C.J., Rumohr, H., Karakassis, I. & Papadopoulou, K.N. 2003. Analysing the impact of bottom trawls on sedimentary seabeds with sediment profile imagery. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 285, 479-496
186. Snelgrove, P.V.R. & Butman, C.A. 1994. Animal-sediment relationships revisited-cause versus effect. Oceanography and Marine Biology An Annual Review 32, 111-177
187. Solan, M. 2000. The concerted use of 'traditional' and sediment profile imagery (SPI) methodologies in marine benthic characterisation and monitoring. PhD dissertation, the National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
188. Solan, M., Cardinale, B.J., Downing, A.L., Engelhardt, K.A.M., Ruesink, J.L. & Srivastava, D.S. 2004a. Extinction and ecosystem function in the marine benthos. Science 306, 1177-1180
189. Solan, M., Germano, J.D., Rhoads, D.C., Smith, C., Michaud, E., Parry, D., Wenzhöfer, F., Kennedy, B., Henriques, C., Battle, E., Carey, D., Iocco, L., Valente, R., Watson, J. & Rosenberg, R. 2003. Towards a greater understanding of pattern, scale, and process in marine benthic systems: a picture is worth a thousand worms. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 285-286, 313-338
190. Solan, M. & Kennedy, R. 2002. Observation and quantification of in-situ animal-sediment relations using time lapse sediment profile imagery (t-SPI). Marine Ecology Progress Series 228, 179-191
191. Solan, M., Mayor, D.J., Murray, L., Paton, G.I. & Killham, K. 2008. Coastal assimilative capacity for amalgamated fish farm chemicals/organic inputs. Final report on grant SARF009, Scottish Aquaculture Research Forum, UK. Available HTTP: http://www.sarf.org.uk/Project%20Final%20Reports/SARF009_Final%20Report.pdf (accessed 16 February 2011)
192. Solan, M. & Wigham, B.D. 2005. Biogenic particle reworking and bacterial-invertebrate interactions in marine sediments. In Coastal and Estuarine Studies 60, Interactions between Macro-and Microorganisms in Marine Sediments, E. Kristensen et al. (eds). Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 105-124
193. Solan, M., Wigham, B.D., Hudson, I.R., Coulon, C.H., Kennedy, R., Norling, K., Nilsson, H. & Rosenberg, R. 2004b. In situ quantification of infaunal bioturbation using fluorescent sediment profile imaging (f-SPI), luminophore tracers and model simulation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 271, 1-12
194. Soster, F.M. & McCall, P.L. 1990. Benthos response to disturbance in western Lake Erie: field experiments. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, 1970-1985
195. Spight, T.M. 1976. Just another benthic study. Ecology 57, 622-623
196. Stachowitsch, M. 1984. Mass mortality in the Gulf of Trieste: the course of community destruction. Marine Ecology 5, 243-264
197. Strayer, D.L., Malcom, H.M., Bell, R.E., Carbotte, S.M. & Nitsche, F.O. 2006. Using geophysical information to define benthic habitats in a large river. Freshwater Biology 51, 25-38
198. Teal, L.R., Bulling, M.T., Parker, E.R. & Solan, M. 2008. Global patterns of bioturbation intensity and the mixed depth of marine soft sediments. Aquatic Biology 2, 207-218
199. Teal, L.R., Parker, E.R., Fones, G. & Solan, M. 2009. Simultaneous determination of in situ vertical transitions of colour, porewater metals and visualisation of infaunal activity in marine sediments. Limnology and Oceanography 54, 1801-1810
200. Teal, L.R., Parker, E.R. & Solan, M. 2010. Sediment mixed layer as a proxy for benthic ecosystem process and function. Marine Ecology Progress Series 414, 27-40
201. Tenore, K.R., Boyer, L.F., Cal, R.M., Corral, J., Garcia-Fernandez, C., Gonzalez, N., Gonzalez-Gurriaran, E., Hanson, R.B., Iglesias, J., Krom, M., Lopez-Jamar, E., McClain, J., Pamatmat, M.M., Perez, A., Rhoads, D.C., de Santiago, G., Tietjen, J., Westrich, J. & Windom, H.L. 1982. Coastal upwelling in the Rias Bajas, NW Spain: contrasting the benthic regimes of the Rias de Arosa and de Muros. Journal of Marine Research 40, 701-772
202. Thomson, J., Brown, L., Nixon, S., Cook, G.T. & MacKenzie, A.B. 2000. Bioturbation and holocene sediment accumulation fluxes in the north-east Atlantic (Benthic Boundary Layer Experiment sites). Marine Geology 169, 21-39
203. Tracey, G.A., Rhoads, D.C. & Carey, D.A. 2000. Application of in situ UV spectrometry for characterization of harbour sediment. Report by Science Applications International Corporation. DAMOS Contribution No. 127. Concord, Massachusetts: US Army Corps of Engineers, New England District
204. Valente, R.M. 1998. August 1998 REMOTS® survey of Historic Area Remediation Site (HARS) cells 1, 2 and 3. Newport, Rhode Island: Science Applications International Corporation Report No. 451 prepared for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New York District
205. Valente, R.M. 2004. The role of seafloor characterization and benthic habitat mapping in dredged material management: a review. Journal of Marine Environmental Engineering 7, 185-215
206. Valente, R.M. 2006. Response of benthic infauna and epifauna to ocean disposal of red clay dredged material in the New York Bight: a study using sediment-profile imaging, surface imaging and traditional methods. Journal of Marine Systems 62, 173-188
207. Valente, R.M., Carey, D.A., Esten, M.E., Woods, C.R. & Berman, G.A. 2007. Application of four candidate habitat classification schemes for coastal and marine environments in Massachusetts. Newport, Rhode Island: Final report prepared for Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management, Boston, MA
208. Valente, R.M. & Cuomo, C. 2005. Did multiple sediment-associated stressors contribute to the 1999 lobster mass mortality event in western Long Island Sound, USA? Estuaries 28, 529-540
209. Valente, R.M., Evans, N.C. & Whiteside, P.G.D. 1996. Environmental monitoring in Hong Kong using the REMOTS seabed camera. Coastal Management in Tropical Asia 6, 26-29
210. Valente, R.M. & Fredette, T.J. 2002. Benthic recolonization of a capped dredged material mound at an open water disposal site in Long Island Sound. In Dredging '02. Key Technologies for Global Prosperity. Proceedings of the Third Specialty Conference on Dredging and Dredged Material Disposal, May 5-8, 2002, Orlando, Florida [CD], S. Garbaciak, Jr. (ed.). New York: American Society of Civil Engineers, 46-51
211. Valente, R.M., Hung, H., McChesney, S. & Hodgson, G. 1998a. An investigation of benthic recolonization at a backfilled marine borrow pit in Hong Kong. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Marine Biology of the South China Sea, B. Morton (ed.). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 489-507
212. Valente, R.M., McChesney, S.M. & Hodgson, G. 1999. Benthic recolonization following cessation of dredged material disposal in Mirs Bay, Hong Kong. Journal of Marine Environmental Engineering 5, 257-288
213. Valente, R.M., McDowell, S.E. & May, B. 1998b. Monitoring of the 1997 Category II Capping Project at the New York Mud Dump Site. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth World Dredging Congress, R.E. Randall (ed.). Vancouver, Washington: Western Dredging Association, 835-849
214. Valente, R.M. & Pinckard, N. 2003. Results of 2002 REMOTS surveys to evaluate the effects of trawling on soft-bottom habitat in Massachusetts Bay. Newport, Rhode Island: Science Applications International Corporation Report No. 634 prepared for CR Environmental, East Falmouth, MA
215. Valente, R.M., Rhoads, D.C., Germano, J.D. & Cabelli, V.J. 1992. Mapping of benthic enrichment patterns in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. Estuaries 15, 1-17
216. Valente, R.M. & Tufts, G. 2001. November 2000 REMOTS® survey at two candidate dredged material disposal sites in Buzzards Bay. Newport, Rhode Island: Science Applications International Corporation SAIC Report No. 548 submitted to the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management, Boston, MA
217. Valente, R.M., Waddington, T., Infantino, J. & Tufts, G. 2001. Palos Verdes Shelf pilot capping: use of side-scan sonar, sediment-profile imaging and planview photography for resolving cap material distribution and thickness. In Proceedings of the Western Dredging Association Twenty-First Technical Conference, R.E. Randall (ed.). College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University, Civil Engineering Department, 381-409
218. Vopel, K., Giles, H. & Zeldis, J. 2007. Colourful seafloor. Water and Atmosphere 15, 22-23
219. Wang, Z., Matsuoka, K., Qi, Y., Chen, J. & Lu, S. 2004. Dinoflagellate cyst records in recent sediments from Daya Bay, South China Sea. Phycological Research 52, 396-407
220. Weisberg, S.B., Ranasinghe, J.A., Dauer, D.M., Schaffner, L.C., Diaz, R.J. & Frithsen, J.B. 1997. An estuarine benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) for Chesapeake Bay. Estuaries 20, 149-158
221. Wenzhöfer, F. & Glud, R. 2004. Small-scale spatial and temporal variability in coastal benthic O2 dynamics: effects of fauna activity. Limnology and Oceanography 49, 1471-1481
222. Wheatcroft, R.A., Olmez, I. & Pink, F.X. 1994. Particle bioturbation in Massachusetts Bay: preliminary results using a new deliberate tracer technique. Journal of Marine Research 52, 1129-1150
223. Whitlach, R.B. 1974. Food-resource partitioning in the deposit feeding polychaete Pectinaria gouldii. Biological Bulletin 147, 227-235
224. Wilber, D.H., Ray, G.L., Clarke, D.G. & Diaz, R.J. 2008. Responses of benthic infauna to large-scale sediment disturbance in Corpus Christi Bay, Texas. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 365, 13-22
225. Wildish, D.J., Hargrave, B.T., MacLeod, C. & Crawford, C. 2003. Detection of organic enrichment near finfish net-pens by sediment profile imaging at SCUBA-accessible depths. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 285, 403-413
226. Wildish, D.J., Hughes-Clarke, J.E., Pohle, G.W., Hargrave, B.T. & Mayer, L.M. 2004. Acoustic detection of organic enrichment in sediments at a salmon farm is confirmed by independent groundtruthing methods. Marine Ecology Progress Series 267, 99-105
227. Wilson, S.J.K., Fredette, T.J., Germano, J.D., Blake, J.A., Neubert, P.L.A. & Carey, D.A. 2009. Plan-view photos, benthic grabs, and sediment-profile images: using complementary techniques to assess response to seafloor disturbance. Marine Pollution Bulletin 59, 26-37
228. Wright, L.D., Schaffner, L.C. & Maa, J.P.-Y. 1997. Biological mediation of bottom boundary layer processes and sediment suspension in the lower Chesapeake Bay. Marine Geology 141, 27-50
229. Young, D.K. & Rhoads, D.C. 1971. Animal-sediment relations in Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts. I. A transect study. Marine Biology 11, 242-254
230. Zajac, R.N. 2001. Organism-sediment relations at multiple spatial scales: implications for community structure and successional dynamics. In Organism-Sediment Interactions, J.Y. Aller, S.A. Woodin & R.C. Aller (eds). Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 119-139
231. Zhu, Q., Aller, R.C. & Fan, Y. 2005. High-performance planar pH fluorosensor for two-dimensional pH measurements in marine sediment and water. Environmental Science and Technology 39, 8906-8911
232. Zhu, Q., Aller, R.C. & Fan, Y. 2006. A new ratiometric, planar fluorosensor for measuring high resolution, two-dimensional pCO2 distributions in marine sediments. Marine Chemistry 101, 40-53
233. Ziebis, W., Huettel, M. & Forster, S. 1996. Impact of biogenic sediment topography on oxygen fluxes in permeable seabeds. Marine Ecology Progress Series 140, 227-237
234. Zuur, A.F., Ieno, E.N. & Smith, G.M. 2007. Analyzing Ecological Data. New York: Springer-Verlag