Experimental study of the start-Up scenario of a 1.5-MW, 110-GHz gyrotron

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science

Volumn 41, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 862-871

  Tax, David S ^a   Sinitsyn, Oleksandr V ^b   Guss, William C ^c   Nusinovich, Gregory S ^b   Shapiro, Michael A ^c   Temkin, Richard J ^c  

^a Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science   (United States)

^b University of Maryland   (United States)

^c MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Fusion power generation; gyrotrons; high power microwave generation; millimeter wave devices

Indexed keywords

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES; EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES; FUSION POWER; HETERODYNE RECEIVERS; HIGH POWER MICROWAVE GENERATIONS; OPERATING MODES; OPERATING POINTS; SPATIAL PATTERNS;

MILLIMETER WAVE DEVICES;

GYROTRONS;

EID: 84876284590     PISSN: 00933813     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2013.2247635     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. V. Erckmann, P. Brand, H. Braune, G. Dammertz, G. Gantenbein, W. Kasparek, H. P. Laqua, H. Maassberg, N. B. Marushchenko, G. Michel, M. Thumm, Y. Turkin, M. Weissgerber, and A. Weller, "Electron cyclotron heating for W7-X: Physics and technology," Fusion Sci. Technol., vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 291-312, 2007. (Pubitemid 47475618)
2. D. Wagner, J. Stober, F. Leuterer, F. Monaco, M. Münich, D. Schmid-Lorch, H. Schütz, H. Zohm, M. Thumm, T. Scherer, A. Meier, G. Gantenbein, J. Flamm, W. Kasparek, H. Höhnle, C. Lechte, A. Litvak, G. Denisov, A. Chirkov, L. Popov, V. Nichiporenko, V. Myasnikov, E. Tai, E. Solyanova, and S. Malygin, "Recent upgrades and extensions of the ASDEX upgrade ECRH system," J. Infr., Millim. Terahertz Waves, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 274-282, 2011.
3. J. Lohr, M. Cengher, J. Doane, Y. Gorelov, C. Moeller, D. Ponce, and R. Prater, "The multiple gyrotron system on the DIII-D tokamak," J. Infr., Millim. Terahertz Waves, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 253-273, 2011.
4. M. Henderson, F. Albajar, S. Alberti, U. Baruah, T. Bigelow, B. Becket, R. Bertizzolo, T. Bonicelli, A. Bruschi, J. Caughman, R. Chavan, S. Cirant, A. Collazos, C. Darbos, M. deBaar, G. Denisov, D. Farina, F. Gandini, T. Gassman, T. P. Goodman, R. Heidinger, J. P. Hogge, O. Jean, K. Kajiwara, W. Kasparek, A. Kasugai, S. Kern, N. Kobayashi, H. Kumric, J. D. Landis, A. Moro, C. Nazare, J. Oda, I. Paganakis, P. Platania, B. Plaum, E. Poli, L. Porte, B. Piosczyk, G. Ramponi, S. L. Rao, D. Rasmussen, D. Ronden, G. Saibene, K. Sakamoto, F. Sanchez, T. Scherer, M. Shapiro, C. Sozzi, P. Spaeh, D. Straus, O. Sauter, K. Takahashi, A. Tanga, R. Temkin, M. Thumm, M. Q. Tran, H. Zohm, and C. Zucca, "The ITER ECH&CD system," in Proc. 16th Joint Workshop Electron Cyclotron Emiss. Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heat., Apr. 2010, pp. 353-363.
5. T. Omori, M. A. Henderson, F. Albajar, S. Alberti, U. Baruah, T. S. Bigelow, B. Beckett, R. Bertizzolo, T. Bonicelli, A. Bruschi, J. B. Caughman, R. Chavan, S. Cirant, A. Collazos, D. Cox, C. Darbos, M. R. de Baar, G. Denisov, D. Farina, F. Gandini, T. Gassmann, T. P. Goodman, R. Heidinger, J. P. Hogge, S. Illy, O. Jean, J. Jin, K. Kajiwara, W. Kasparek, A. Kasugai, S. Kern, N. Kobayashi, H. Kumric, J. D. Landis, A. Moro, C. Nazare, Y. Oda, I. Pagonakis, B. Piosczyk, P. Platania, B. Plaum, E. Poli, L. Porte, D. Purohit, G. Ramponi, S. L. Rao, D. A. Rasmussen, D. M. S. Ronden, T. Rzesnicki, G. Saibene, K. Sakamoto, F. Sanchez, T. Scherer, M. A. Shapiro, C. Sozzi, P. Spaeh, D. Strauss, O. Sauter, K. Takahashi, R. J. Temkin, M. Thumm, M. Q. Tran, V. S. Udintsev, and H. Zohm, "Overview of the ITER EC H&CD system and its capabilities," Fusion Eng. Des., vol. 86, nos. 6-8, pp. 951-954, 2011.
6. G. L. Jackson, D. A. Humphreys, A. W. Hyatt, J. M. Lohr, T. C. Luce, and J. H. Yu, "Noninductive plasma initiation and startup in the DIII-D tokamak," Nucl. Fusion, vol. 51, no. 8, p. 083015, 2011.
7. I. T. Chapman, R. J. La Haye, R. J. Buttery, W. W. Heidbrink, G. L. Jackson, C. M. Muscatello, C. C. Petty, R. I. Pinsker, B. J. Tobias, and F. Turco, "Sawtooth control using electron cyclotron current drive in ITER demonstration plasmas in DIII-D," Nucl. Fusion, vol. 52, no. 6, p. 063006, 2012.
8. J. R. Ferron, C. T. Holcomb, T. C. Luce, P. A. Politzer, F. Turco, J. C. DeBoo, E. J. Doyle, Y. In, R. J. L. Haye, M. Murakami, O. Okabayashi, J. M. Park, T. W. Petrie, C. C. Petty, and H. Reimerdes, "Balancing current drive and heating in DIII-D high noninductive current fraction discharges through choice of the toroidal field," Nucl. Fusion, vol. 51, no. 11, p. 113007, 2011.
9. J. X. Rossel, J. M. Moret, S. Coda, O. Sauter, T. P. Goodman, F. Felici, D. Testa, and Y. Martin, "Edge-localized mode control by electron cyclotron waves in a tokamak plasma," Nucl. Fusion, vol. 52, no. 3, p. 032004, 2012.
10. J. Stober, G. L. Jackson, E. Ascasibar, Y.-S. Bae, J. Bucalossi, A. Cappa, T. Casper, M.-H. Cho, Y. Gribov, G. Granucci, K. Hanada, J. Hobirk, A. W. Hyatt, S. Ide, J.-H. Jeong, M. Joung, T. Luce, T. Lunt, W. Namkung, S.-I. Park, P. A. Politzer, J. Schweinzer, and A. C. C. Sips, "ECRH-assisted plasma start-up with toroidally inclined launch: Multimachine comparison and perspectives for ITER," Nucl. Fusion, vol. 51, no. 8, p. 083031, 2011.
11. G. Gantenbein, H. Zohm, G. Giruzzi, S. Gunter, F. Leuterer, M. Maraschek, J. Meskat, and Q. Yu, "Complete suppression of neoclassical tearing modes with current drive at the electron-cyclotronresonance frequency in ASDEX upgrade tokamak," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 85, pp. 1242-1245, Aug. 2000.
12. A. Litvak, G. Denisov, V. Myasnikov, E. Tai, E. Azizov, and V. Ilin, "Development in Russia of megawatt power gyrotrons for fusion," J. Infr., Millim. Terahertz Waves, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 337-342, 2011.
13. K. Sakamoto, A. Kasugai, K. Takahashi, R. Minami, N. Kobayashi, and K. Kajiwara, "Achievement of robust high-efficiency 1 MWoscillation in the hard-self-excitation region by a 170 GHz continuous-wave gyrotron," Nature Phys., vol. 3, pp. 411-414, Apr. 2007.
14. K. Kajiwara, A. Kasugai, Y. Oda, K. Takahashi, K. Sakamoto, C. Darbos, and M. Henderson, "Reliability test of the 170 GHz gyrotron for ITER," J. Infr., Millim. Terahertz Waves, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 329-336, 2011.
15. K. E. Kreischer, B. G. Danly, J. B. Schutkeker, and R. J. Temkin, "The design of megawatt gyrotrons," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 364-373, Dec. 1985.
16. W. C. Guss, M. A. Basten, K. E. Kreischer, R. J. Temkin, T. M. Antonsen, Jr., S. Y. Cai, G. Saraph, and B. Levush, "Influence of sideband oscillations on gyrotron efficiency," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 871-877, Oct. 1994.
17. K. E. Kreischer, R. J. Temkin, H. R. Fetterman, and W. J. Mulligan, "Multimode oscillation and mode competition in high-frequency gyrotrons," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 481-490, May 1984.
18. B. G. Danly and R. J. Temkin, "Generalized nonlinear harmonic gyrotron theory," Phys. Fluids, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 561-567, 1986.
19. G. S. Nusinovich, Introduction to the Physics of Gyrotrons. Baltimore, MD, USA: The Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2004.
20. B. Levush and T. M. Antonsen, "Mode competition and control in higher-power gyrotron oscillators," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 260-272, Jun. 1990. (Pubitemid 20726101)
21. G. S. Nusinovich, O. V. Sinitsyn, L. Velikovich, M. Yeddulla, T. M. Antonsen, Jr., A. N. Vlasov, S. R. Cauffman, and K. Felch, "Startup scenarios in high-power gyrotrons," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 841-852, Jun. 2004.
22. G. S. Nusinovich, M. Yeddulla, T. M. Antonsen, and A. N. Vlasov, "Start-up scenario in gyrotrons with a nonstationary microwave-field structure," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 96, no. 12, pp. 125101-1-125101-4, 2006.
23. G. S. Nusinovich, A. N. Vlasov, T. M. Antonsen, Jr., J. Lohr, B. G. Danly, and J. P. Hogge, "Excitation of parasitic modes in gyrotrons with fast voltage rise," Phys. Plasmas, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 103101-1-103101-5, 2008.
24. M. Botton, T. M. Antonsen, Jr., B. Levush, K. T. Nguyen, and A. N. Vlasov, "MAGY: A time-dependent code for simulation of slow and fast microwave sources," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 882-892, Jun. 1998. (Pubitemid 128739618)
25. E. M. Choi, C. D. Marchewka, I. Mastovsky, J. R. Sirigiri, M. A. Shapiro, and R. J. Temkin, "Experimental results for a 1.5 MW, 110 GHz gyrotron oscillator with reduced mode competition," Phys. Plasmas, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 023103-1-023103-7, 2006.
26. G. G. Denisov, A. N. Kuftin, V. I. Malygin, N. P. Venediktov, D. V. Vinogradov, and V. E. Zapevalov, "110 GHz gyrotron with a built-in highefficiency converter," Int. J. Electron., vol. 72, nos. 5-6, pp. 1079-1091, 1992.
27. D. Tax, E. Choi, I. Mastovsky, J. Neilson, M. Shapiro, J. Sirigiri, R. Temkin, and A. Torrezan, "Experimental results on a 1.5 MW, 110 GHz gyrotron with a smooth mirror mode converter," J. Infr., Millim. Terahertz Waves, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 358-370, 2011.
28. K. E. Kreischer, J. B. Schutkeker, B. G. Danly, W. J. Mulligan, and R. J. Temkin, "High efficiency operation of a 140 GHz pulsed gyrotron," Int. J. Electron., vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 835-850, 1984. (Pubitemid 15578423)
29. H. J. Kim, E. A. Nanni, M. A. Shapiro, J. R. Sirigiri, P. P. Woskov, and R. J. Temkin, "Amplification of picosecond pulses in a 140-GHz gyrotron-traveling wave tube," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 105, no. 13, pp. 135101-1-135101-4, Sep. 2010.
30. E. M. Choi, A. J. Cerfon, I. Mastovsky, M. A. Shapiro, J. R. Sirigiri, and R. J. Temkin, "Efficiency enhancement of a 1.5-MW, 110-GHz gyrotron with a single-stage depressed collector," Fusion Sci. Technol., vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 334-339, 2007. (Pubitemid 47475621)
31. W. C. Guss, M. A. Basten, K. E. Kreischer, R. J. Temkin, T. M. Antonsen, S. Y. Cai, G. Saraph, and B. Levush, "Sideband mode competition in a gyrotron oscillator," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 69, no. 26, pp. 3727-3730, 1992.
32. J. P. Anderson, S. E. Korbly, R. J. Temkin, M. A. Shapiro, K. L. Felch, and S. Cauffman, "Design and emission uniformity studies of a 1.5-MW gyrotron electron gun," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 2117-2123, Dec. 2002.
33. W. C. Guss, T. L. Grimm, K. E. Kreischer, J. T. Polevoy, and R. J. Temkin, "Velocity ratio measurements of a gyrotron electron beam," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 69, no. 7, pp. 3789-3795, Apr. 1991.
34. K. E. Kreischer, B. G. Danly, P. Woskoboinikow, W. J. Mulligan, and R. J. Temkin, "Frequency pulling and bandwidth measurements of a 140 GHz pulsed gyrotron," Int. J. Electron., vol. 57, pp. 851-862, Jun. 1984. (Pubitemid 15578422)
35. Y. V. Zasypkin, "Electronic frequency tuning in gyrotrons," Sov. J. Comm. Tech. Electron., vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 7-13, 1988.
36. J. M. Neilson, "Optimal synthesis of quasi-optical launchers for highpower gyrotrons," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 635-641, Jun. 2006.
37. M. Blank, K. Kreischer, and R. J. Temkin, "Theoretical and experimental investigation of a quasi-optical mode converter for a 110-GHz gyrotron," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 1058-1066, Jun. 1996. (Pubitemid 126771215)
38. M. K. Hornstein, V. S. Bajaj, R. G. Griffin, K. E. Kreischer, I. Mastovsky, M. A. Shapiro, J. R. Sirigiri, and R. J. Temkin, "Second harmonic operation at 460 GHz and broadband continuous frequency tuning of a gyrotron oscillator," IEEE Trans. Electron Dev., vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 798-807, May 2005. (Pubitemid 40690896)