Postmenopausal estrogen therapy: Route of administration and risk of venous thromboembolism

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 121, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 887-890

[No Author Info available]

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 5 LEIDEN; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 7; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 8C; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 9; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; ESTROGEN; GESTAGEN; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE; PROGESTERONE; PROTEIN C; PROTEIN S; PROTHROMBIN;

AGE DISTRIBUTION; DRUG SAFETY; ESTROGEN THERAPY; FRACTURE; GENE MUTATION; GYNECOLOGIST; HUMAN; IMMOBILIZATION; OBESITY; POSTMENOPAUSE; PRESCRIPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN S DEFICIENCY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SYSTEMIC THERAPY; VAGINA RING; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM;

EID: 84876271088     PISSN: 00297844     EISSN: 1873233X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000428645.90795.d9     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. Anderson FA Jr, Wheeler HB, Goldberg RJ, Hosmer DW, Patwardhan NA, Jovanovic B, et al. A population-based perspective of the hospital incidence and case-fatality rates of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The Worcester DVT Study. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151: 933-8.
2. Silverstein MD, Heit JA, Mohr DN, Petterson TM, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ 3rd. Trends in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a 25-year population-based study. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158: 585-93.
3. White RH. The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism. Circulation 2003; 107:I4-8.
4. Tsai AW, Cushman M, Rosamond WD, Heckbert SR, Polak JF, Folsom AR. Cardiovascular risk factors and venous thromboembolism incidence: the longitudinal investigation of thromboembolism etiology. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162: 1182-9.
5. Grady D, Hulley SB, Furberg C. Venous thromboembolic events associated with hormone replacement therapy. JAMA 1997; 278: 477.
6. Daly E, Vessey MP, Hawkins MM, Carson JL, Gough P, Marsh S. Risk of venous thromboembolism in users of hormone replacement therapy. Lancet 1996; 348: 977-80.
7. Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Goldhaber SZ, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, et al. Prospective study of exogenous hormones and risk of pulmonary embolism in women. Lancet 1996; 348: 983-7.
8. Perez Gutthann S, Garcia Rodriguez LA, Castellsague J, Duque Oliart A. Hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism: population based case-control study. BMJ 1997; 314: 796-800.
9. Prentice RL, Manson JE, Langer RD, Anderson GL, Pettinger M, Jackson RD, et al. Benefits and risks of postmenopausal hormone therapy when it is initiated soon after menopause. Am J Epidemiol 2009; 170: 12-23.
10. Canonico M, Oger E, Plu-Bureau G, Conard J, Meyer G, Levesque H, et al. Hormone therapy and venous thromboembolism among postmenopausal women: impact of the route of estrogen administration and progestogens: the ESTHER study. Estrogen and Thromboembolism Risk (ESTHER) Study Group. Circulation 2007; 115: 840-5.
11. Casanova G, Spritzer PM. Effects of micronized progesterone added to non-oral estradiol on lipids and cardiovascular risk factors in early postmenopause: a clinical trial. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11: 133.
12. Battaglioli T, Martinelli I. Hormone therapy and thromboembolic disease. Curr Opin Hematol 2007; 14: 488-93.
13. Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR, Bassford T, Beresford SA, Black H, et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee. JAMA 2004; 291: 1701-12.
14. Curb JD, Prentice RL, Bray PF, Langer RD, Van Horn L, Barnabei VM, et al. Venous thrombosis and conjugated equine estrogen in women without a uterus. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 772-80.
15. Douketis JD, Julian JA, Kearon C, Anderson DR, Crowther MA, Bates SM, et al. Does the type of hormone replacement therapy influence the risk of deep vein thrombosis? A prospective case-control study. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3: 943-8.
16. Grady D, Wenger NK, Herrington D, Khan S, Furberg C, Hunninghake D, et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy increases risk for venous thromboembolic disease. The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132: 689-96.
17. Miller J, Chan BK, Nelson HD. Postmenopausal estrogen replacement and risk for venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [published erratum appears in Ann Intern Med 2003; 138: 360]. Ann Intern Med 2002; 136: 680-90.
18. Randomised comparison of oestrogen versus oestrogen plus progestogen hormone replacement therapy in women with hysterectomy. Medical Research Council's General Practice Research Framework. BMJ 1996; 312: 473-8.
19. Nabulsi AA, Folsom AR, White A, Patsch W, Heiss G, Wu KK, et al. Association of hormone-replacement therapy with various cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 1069-75.
20. Meilahn EN, Kuller LH, Matthews KA, Kiss JE. Hemostatic factors according to menopausal status and use of hormone replacement therapy. Ann Epidemiol 1992; 2: 445-55.
21. Kraaijenhagen RA, in't Anker PS, Koopman MM, Reitsma PH, Prins MH, van den Ende A, et al. High plasma concentration of factor VIIIc is a major risk factor for venous thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost 2000; 83: 5-9.
22. Kyrle PA, Minar E, Hirschl M, Bialonczyk C, Stain M, Schneider B, et al. High plasma levels of factor VIII and the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 457-62.
23. Lowe GD, Upton MN, Rumley A, McConnachie A, O'Reilly DS, Watt GC. Different effects of oral and transdermal hormone replacement therapies on factor IX, APC resistance, t-PA, PAI and C-reactive protein - a cross-sectional population survey. Thromb Haemost 2001; 86: 550-6.
24. Scarabin PY, Alhenc-Gelas M, Plu-Bureau G, Taisne P, Agher R, Aiach M. Effects of oral and transdermal estrogen/progesterone regimens on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in postmenopausal women. A randomized controlled trial. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17: 3071-8.
25. Post MS, Christella M, Thomassen LG, van der Mooren MJ, van Baal WM, Rosing J, et al. Effect of oral and transdermal estrogen replacement therapy on hemostatic variables associated with venous thrombosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled study in postmenopausal women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003; 23: 1116-21.
26. Oger E, Alhenc-Gelas M, Lacut K, Blouch MT, Roudaut N, Kerlan V, et al. Differential effects of oral and transdermal estrogen/progesterone regimens on sensitivity to activated protein C among postmenopausal women: a randomized trial. SARAH Investigators. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003; 23: 1671-6.
27. Folsom AR, Lutsey PL, Astor BC, Cushman M. C-reactive protein and venous thromboembolism. A prospective investigation in the ARIC cohort. Thromb Haemost 2009; 102: 615-9.
28. Margarido PF, Bagnoli VR, Maggio da Fonseca A, Maciel GA, Soares JM Jr, D'Amico EA, et al. Transdermal estrogen therapy effects on fibrinogen levels in women with a past history of venous thromboembolism: a pilot study. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2011; 38: 232-5.
29. Eilertsen AL, Hoibraaten E, Os I, Andersen TO, Sandvik L, Sandset PM. The effects of oral and transdermal hormone replacement therapy on C-reactive protein levels and other inflammatory markers in women with high risk of thrombosis. Maturitas 2005; 52: 111-8.
30. Wassertheil-Smoller S, Hendrix SL, Limacher M, Heiss G, Kooperberg C, Baird A, et al. Effect of estrogen plus progestin on stroke in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative: a randomized trial. WHI Investigators. JAMA 2003; 289: 2673-84.
31. Minkin MJ. Considerations in the choice of oral vs. transdermal hormone therapy: a review. J Reprod Med 2004; 49: 311-20.
32. Laliberte F, Dea K, Duh MS, Kahler KH, Rolli M, Lefebvre P. Does the route of administration for estrogen hormone therapy impact the risk of venous thromboembolism? Estradiol transdermal system versus oral estrogen-only hormone therapy. Menopause 2011; 18: 1052-9.
33. Olie V, Canonico M, Scarabin PY. Risk of venous thrombosis with oral versus transdermal estrogen therapy among postmenopausal women. Curr Opin Hematol 2010; 17: 457-63.
34. Renoux C, Dell'aniello S, Garbe E, Suissa S. Transdermal and oral hormone replacement therapy and the risk of stroke: a nested case-control study. BMJ 2010; 340:c2519.
35. Scarabin PY, Oger E, Plu-Bureau G. Differential association of oral and transdermal oestrogen-replacement therapy with venous thromboembolism risk. EStrogen and THromboEmbolism Risk Study Group. Lancet 2003; 362: 428-32.
36. Canonico M, Oger E, Conard J, Meyer G, Levesque H, Trillot N, et al. Obesity and risk of venous thromboembolism among postmenopausal women: differential impact of hormone therapy by route of estrogen administration. The ESTHER Study. EStrogen and THromboEmbolism Risk (ESTHER) Study Group. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4: 1259-65.
37. Straczek C, Oger E, Yon de Jonage-Canonico MB, Plu-Bureau G, Conard J, Meyer G, et al. Prothrombotic mutations, hormone therapy, and venous thromboembolism among postmenopausal women: impact of the route of estrogen administration. Estrogen and Thromboembolism Risk (ESTHER) Study Group. Circulation 2005; 112: 3495-500.
38. Ballagh SA. Vaginal hormone therapy for urogenital and menopausal symptoms. Semin Reprod Med 2005; 23: 126-40.
39. Speroff L. Efficacy and tolerability of a novel estradiol vaginal ring for relief of menopausal symptoms. Obstet Gynecol 2003; 102: 823-34.
40. Henriksson L, Stjernquist M, Boquist L, Cedergren I, Selinus I. A one-year multicenter study of efficacy and safety of a continuous, low-dose, estradiol-releasing vaginal ring (Estring) in postmenopausal women with symptoms and signs of urogenital aging. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 174: 85-92.