Cell phone exposures and hearing loss in children in the danish national birth cohort

Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 247-257

  Sudan, Madhuri ^a   Kheifets, Leeka ^a   Arah, Onyebuchi A ^a,b   Olsen, Jorn ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^c AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

Author keywords

bias analysis; cell phone; children; doubly robust estimation; electromagnetic frequency; hearing; marginal structural model; mobile phone; radio frequency; sensitivity analysis

Indexed keywords

AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; CHILD; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DENMARK; EXPOSURE VARIABLE; FEMALE; GESTATIONAL AGE; HEARING IMPAIRMENT; HUMAN; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MOBILE PHONE; MULTIVARIATE LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PREGNANT WOMAN; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROBABILITY; RADIATION EXPOSURE;

EID: 84876154477     PISSN: 02695022     EISSN: 13653016     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12036     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Geekzone. Number of Mobile Phone Users Worldwide to Increase to 2 Billion by 2007. 2003. http://www.geekzone.co.nz/content.asp?contentid=1245 [last accessed January 2013].
2. MyBroadband. Mobile Broadband: Do We Need Another Technology War? 2008. http://mybroadband.co.za/news/Wireless/3498.html [last accessed January 2013].
3. International Telecommunication Union. ITU Sees 5 Billion Mobile Subscriptions Globally in 2010. Newsroom Press Release. 2010. http://www.itu.int/net/pressoffice/press-releases/2010/06.aspx [last accessed January 2013].
4. International Telecommunication Union. Global Mobile Cellular Subscriptions, Total and Per 100 Inhabitants, 2000-2010. 2011.
5. Kheifets L, Repacholi M, Saunders R, van, Deventer E,. The sensitivity of children to electromagnetic fields. Pediatrics 2005; 116: e303-e313.
6. Wiart J, Hadjem A, Wong MF, Bloch I,. Analysis of RF exposure in the head tissues of children and adults. Physics in Medicine and Biology 2008; 53: 3681-3695.
7. World Health Organization. WHO Research Agenda for Radiofrequency Fields. 2010. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241599948-eng.pdf [last accessed January 2013].
8. Baan R, Grosse Y, Lauby-Secretan B, El Ghissassi F, Bouvard V, Benbrahim-Tallaa L, et al. Carcinogenicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. The Lancet Oncology 2011; 12: 624-626.
9. Volkow ND, Tomasi D, Wang GJ, Vaska P, Fowler JS, Telang F, et al. Effects of cell phone radiofrequency signal exposure on brain glucose metabolism. JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association 2011; 305: 808-813.
10. van Rongen E, Croft R, Juutilainen J, Lagroye I, Miyakoshi J, Saunders R, et al. Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on the human nervous system. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part B, Critical Reviews 2009; 12: 572-597.
11. Thomas S, Heinrich S, von, Kries R, Radon K,. Exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields and behavioural problems in Bavarian children and adolescents. European Journal of Epidemiology 2010; 25: 135-141.
12. Divan HA, Kheifets L, Obel C, Olsen J,. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to cell phone use and behavioral problems in children. Epidemiology 2008; 19: 523-529.
13. Divan HA, Kheifets L, Obel C, Olsen J,. Cell phone use and behavioural problems in young children. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2012; 66: 524-529.
14. Schuz J, Waldemar G, Olsen JH, Johansen C,. Risks for central nervous system diseases among mobile phone subscribers: a Danish retrospective cohort study. PLoS ONE 2009; 4: e4389.
15. Mehra S, Eavey RD, Keamy DG Jr,. The epidemiology of hearing impairment in the United States: newborns, children, and adolescents. Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 2009; 140: 461-472.
16. Ozturan O, Erdem T, Miman MC, Kalcioglu MT, Oncel S,. Effects of the electromagnetic field of mobile telephones on hearing. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 2002; 122: 289-293.
17. Uloziene I, Uloza V, Gradauskiene E, Saferis V,. Assessment of potential effects of the electromagnetic fields of mobile phones on hearing. BMC Public Health 2005; 5: 39.
18. Parazzini M, Brazzale AR, Paglialonga A, Tognola G, Collet L, Moulin A, et al. Effects of GSM cellular phones on human hearing: the European project 'GUARD'. Radiation Research 2007; 168: 608-613.
19. Parazzini M, Sibella F, Lutman ME, Mishra S, Moulin A, Sliwinska-Kowalska M, et al. Effects of UMTS cellular phones on human hearing: results of the European project EMFnEAR. Radiation Research 2009; 172: 244-251.
20. Parazzini M, Bell S, Thuroczy G, Molnar F, Tognola G, Lutman ME, et al. Influence on the mechanisms of generation of distortion product otoacoustic emissions of mobile phone exposure. Hearing Research 2005; 208: 68-78.
21. Hutter HP, Moshammer H, Wallner P, Cartellieri M, Denk-Linnert DM, Katzinger M, et al. Tinnitus and mobile phone use. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010; 67: 804-808.
22. Oktay MF, Dasdag S,. Effects of intensive and moderate cellular phone use on hearing function. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 2006; 25: 13-21.
23. Davidson HC, Lutman ME,. Survey of mobile phone use and their chronic effects on the hearing of a student population. International Journal of Audiology 2007; 46: 113-118.
24. García Callejo FJ, García Callejo F, Peña Santamaría J, Alonso Castañeira I, Sebastián Gil E, Marco Algarra J,. Hearing level and intensive use of mobile phones. Acta Otorrinolaringologica Espanola 2005; 56: 187-191.
25. Olsen J, Melbye M, Olsen SF, Sorensen TI, Aaby P, Andersen AM, et al. The Danish National Birth Cohort-its background, structure and aim. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 2001; 29: 300-307.
26. Robins JM, Hernan MA, Brumback B,. Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology. Epidemiology 2000; 11: 550-560.
27. Bang H, Robins JM,. Doubly robust estimation in missing data and causal inference models. Biometrics 2005; 61: 962-973.
28. van der Laan M, Robbins J,. Unified Methods for Censored Longitudinal Data and Causality. New York: Springer Verlag, 2003.
29. Lash TL, Fox CS, Fink AK,. Applying Quantitative Bias Analysis to Epidemiologic Data. New York: Springer, 2009.
30. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Causes of Hearing Loss in Children. n.d. http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/disorders/causes. htm#congenital [last accessed January 2013].
31. Khairi MD, Daud M, Noor RM, Rahman NA, Sidek DS, Mohamad A,. The effect of mild hearing loss on academic performance in primary school children. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 2010; 74: 67-70.
32. Tharpe AM, Bess FH,. Minimal, progressive, and fluctuating hearing losses in children. Characteristics, identification, and management. Pediatric Clinics of North America 1999; 46: 65-78.
33. Greene N, Greenland S, Olsen J, Nohr EA,. Estimating bias from loss to follow-up in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Epidemiology 2011; 22: 815-822.
34. Mezei G, Benyi M, Muller A,. Mobile phone ownership and use among school children in three Hungarian cities. Bioelectromagnetics 2007; 28: 309-315.
35. Koivusilta LK, Lintonen TP, Rimpela AH,. Orientations in adolescent use of information and communication technology: a digital divide by sociodemographic background, educational career, and health. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 2007; 35: 95-103.
36. Bohler E, Schuz J,. Cellular telephone use among primary school children in Germany. European Journal of Epidemiology 2004; 19: 1043-1050.
37. Soderqvist F, Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K,. Ownership and use of wireless telephones: a population-based study of Swedish children aged 7-14 years. BMC Public Health 2007; 7: 105.
38. Thomas S, Heinrich S, Kuhnlein A, Radon K,. The association between socioeconomic status and exposure to mobile telecommunication networks in children and adolescents. Bioelectromagnetics 2010; 31: 20-27.
39. Lenhart A,. Teens, Cell Phones and Texting: Text Messaging Becomes Centerpiece Communication. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, 2010.
40. Child Research Net. Children and Mobile Phone Use. 2005. http://www.childresearch.net/data/school/2005-05.html [last accessed January 2013].