Inferring causation from cross-sectional data: Examination of the causal relationship between hyperactivity-impulsivity and novelty seeking

Frontiers in Genetics

Volumn 2, Issue MAR, 2011, Pages

  Wood, Alexis C ^a,b   Rijsdijk, Fruhling ^b   Asherson, Philip ^b   Kuntsi, Jonna ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^b KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

ADHD; Direction of causation; Heritabilrty; Hyperactive impulsive; Novelty seeking

Indexed keywords

EID: 84875950943     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16648021     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2011.00006     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Antrop, I., Roeyers, H., Oost, P. V., and Buysse, A. (2000). Stimulation seeking and hyperactivity in children with ADHD. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 41,225-231.
2. Bollen, K. A. (2005). Structural Equation Models. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3. Cloninger, C. R. (1987).The Tridimensional Personality Questionaire: Version 4. St Louis: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine.
4. Cloninger, C. R., Przybeck, T. R., Svrakic, D. M., and Wetzel, R. D. (1994). The Temperamentand Character Inventory (TCI): A Guide to Its Development and Use. St Louis: Center for Psychobiology and Personality
5. Conners, C. K., Sitarenios, G., Parker, J. D., and Epstein, J. N. (1998). The revised Conners' parent rating scale (CPRS-R): factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity. J. Abnortn. Child. Psychol. 26,257-268.
6. Gillespie, N. A., Zhu, G., Neale, M. C, Heath, A. C, and Martin.N. G. (2003). Direction of causation modeling between cross-sectional measures of parenting and psychological distress in female twins. Behav. Genet. 33, 383-396.
7. Goyette, C. H., Conners, C. K., and Ulrich, R.F. (1978).Normative data on revised Conners parent and teacher rating scales. J. Abnortn. Child. Psychol. 6, 221-236.
8. Heath, A. C, Cloninger, C. R., and Martin, N. G. (1994). Testing a model for the genetic structure of personality: a comparison of the personality systems of Cloninger and Eysenck. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 66, 762-775.
9. Kuntsi, J., Oosterlaan, J., and Stevenson, J. (2001). Psychological mechanisms in hyperactivity: I. Response inhibition deficit, working memory impairment, delay aversion, or something else? J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 42, 199-210.
10. Kuntsi, J., Rogers, H., Swinard, G., Borger, N., Meere, J., Rijsdijk, E, and Asheron, P. (2006). Reaction time, inhibition, working memory and"delay aversion" performance: genetic influences and their interpretation. Psychol. Med. 36, 1613-1624.
11. Kuntsi, J., and Stevenson, J. (2001). Psychological mechanisms in hyperactivity: II. The role of genetic factors. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 42, 211-219.
12. Loehlin, J. C. (1996). The Cholesky approach: a cautionary note. Behav Genet. 26, 65-69.
13. Lynn, D. E., Lubke, G., Yang, M., McCracken, J. T, McGough, J. J., Ishii, J., Loo, S. K., Nelson, S. E, and Smalley S. L. (2005). Temperament and character profiles and the dopamine D4 receptor gene in ADHD. Am. J. Psychiatry 162,906-913.
14. Mayes, L. C. (2000). A developmental perspective on the regulation of arousal states. Semin. Perinatol. 24, 267-279.
15. McArdle, J. J. (1980). Causal modelling applied to psychonomic systems simulation. Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. Comput. 12,193-209.
16. Neale, M. C, Boker, S. M., Xie, G., and Maes, H. (2006). Mr Statistical Modeling, 7th Edn. Richmond: VCU Department of Psychiatry
17. Neale, M. C, and Cardon, L. R. (1992). Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families.DoidmchtKluwei Academic Publishers.
18. Neale, M. C, Walters, E., Health, A. C, Kessler, R. C, Perusse, D., Eaves, L. J., and Kendler, K. S. (1994). Depression and parental bonding: cause, consequence, or genetic covariance? Genet. Epidemiol. 11,503-522.
19. O'Connell, R. G., Bellgrove, M. A., Dockree, P. M., Lau, A., Fitzgerald, M., and Robertson, I. H. (2008). Self-Alert training: volitional modulation of autonomic arousal improves sustained attention. Neuropsychologia 46, 1379-1390.
20. Price, T. S., Freeman, B., Craig, I., Petrill, S. A., Ebersole, L, and Plomin, R. (2000). Infant zygosity can be assigned by parental report questionnaire data. Twin Res. 3,129-133.
21. Rettew, D. C, Copeland, W, Stanger, C, and Hudziak, J. J. (2004).Associations between temperament and DSM-IV externalizing disorders in children and adolescents.J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. 25, 383-391.
22. Rijsdijk, F. V., and Sham, P. C. (2002). Analytic approaches to twin data using structural equation models. Brief. Bioinform. 3,119-133.
23. Sanchez, B. N., Budtz-Jorgensen, E., Ryan, L. M., and Hu, H. (2005). Structural equation models. J Am. Stat. Assoc. 100,1443-1455.
24. Schlaepfer, I. R., Clegg, H.V., Corley, R. P., Crowley, T. J., Hewitt, J. K., Hopfer, C. J., Krauter, K., Lessem, J., Rhee, S. H., Stallings, M. C.,Wehner, J. M., Young, S. E., and Ehringer, M. A. (2007). The human protein kinase C gamma gene (PRKCG) as a susceptibility locus for behavioral disinhibition. Addict. Biol 12,200-209.
25. Schmitz, S., Cherny, S. S., and Fulker, D. W (1998). Increase in power through multivariate analyses. Behav. Genet. 28, 357-363.
26. So, Y. K., Noh, J. S., Kim, Y. S., Ko, S. G., and Koh, Y. J. (2002). The reliability and validity of Korean parent and teacher ADHD rating scale (in Korean). J Korean Neuropsychiatr. Assoc. 41, 283-289.
27. Spinath, F. M., and O'Connor, T. G. (2003). A behavioral genetic study of the overlap between personality and parenting.J. Pers. 71, 785-808.
28. Trouton, A., Spinath, F. M., and Plomin, R. (2002). Twins early development study (TEDS): a multivariate, longitudinal genetic investigation of language, cognition and behavior problems in childhood. Twin Res. 5, 444-448.
29. van der Meere, J. J. (2002). "The role of attention," in Hyperactivity Disorders of Childhood, 2nd Edn, ed. S. Sandberg (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 162-212.
30. Williams, L. J., and Holahan, P. J. (1994). Parsimony based fit indicies for multiple fit indicator models: do they work? Struct. Equ. Modeling!, 161-198.
31. Yoo, H. J., Kim, M., Ha, J. H., Chung, A., Sim, M. E., Kim, S. J., and Lyoo, I. K. (2006). Biogenetic temperament and character and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Korean children. Psychopathology 39,25-31.
32. Young, S. E., Stallings, M. C, Corley, R. P., Krauter, K. S., and Hewitt, J.K. (2000). Genetic and environmental influences on behavioral disinhibition. Am. J. Med. Genet. 96, 684-695.
33. Zentall, S. S., and Zentall, T. R. (1983). Optimal stimulation: a model of disordered activity and performance in normal and deviant children. Psychol. Bull. 94,446-471.