Reconstruction of cranial and hyobranchial muscles in the triassic temnospondyl Gerrothorax provides evidence for akinetic suction feeding

Journal of Morphology

Volumn 274, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 525-542

  Witzmann, Florian ^a   Schoch, Rainer R ^b  

^a LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE FOR EVOLUTION AND BIODIVERSITY SCIENCE   (Germany)

^b STAATLICHES MUSEUM FÜR NATURKUNDE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Aquatic tetrapods; Extant phylogenetic bracket; Muscle reconstruction; Plagiosauridae

Indexed keywords

AMPHIBIA; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FOSSIL; HEAD; HISTOLOGY; JAW; MOUTH; PHYLOGENY; PHYSIOLOGY; SKELETAL MUSCLE; SKULL;

AMPHIBIANS; ANIMALS; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FOSSILS; HEAD; JAW; MOUTH; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; PHYLOGENY; SKULL;

TELEOSTEI; TETRAPODA;

EID: 84875859884     PISSN: 03622525     EISSN: 10974687     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20113     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Allis EP. 1897. The cranial muscles and cranial and first spinal nerves in Amia calva. J Morphol 12:487-772.
2. Allis EP. 1922. The cranial anatomy of Polypterus, with special reference to Polypterus bichir. J Anat 56:189-291.
3. Bauer WJ. 1997. A contribution to the morphology of visceral jaw-opening muscles of urodeles (Amphibia: Caudata). J Morphol 233:77-97.
4. Beaumont E. 1977. Cranial morphology of the Loxommatidae (Amphibia: Labyrinthodontia). Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 280:29-101.
5. Bemis WE. 1986. Feeding systems of living Dipnoi: Anatomy and function. J Morphol 190 Suppl 1:249-275.
6. Bemis WE, Lauder GV. 1986. Morphology and function of the feeding apparatus of the lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa (Dipnoi). J Morphol 187:81-108.
7. Boy JA. 1971. Ein bemerkenswerter Schädelrest eines unterpermischen Labyrinthodontiers (Amphibia) aus dem Saargebiet. Abh hess L-Amt Bodenforsch 60:31-43.
8. Bystrow AP. 1938. Dvinosaurus als neotenische Form der Stegocephalen. Acta Zool (Stockholm) 19:209-295.
9. Carroll RL, Holmes R. 1980. The skull and jaw musculature as guides to the ancestry of salamanders. Zool J Linn Soc 68:1-40.
10. Castanet J, Francillon-Vieillot H, Ricqlès A de, Zylberberg L. 2003. The skeletal histology of the Amphibia. Heatwole H, Davies M, editors. Amphibian Biology: Osteology, Vol. 5. Chipping Norton: Surrey Beatty. pp 1598-1683.
11. Clack JA. 1998. The neurocranium of Acanthostega gunnari Jarvik and the evolution of the otic region in tetrapods. Zool J Linn Soc 122:61-97.
12. Clack JA, Holmes RR. 1988. The braincase of the anthracosaur Archeria crassidisca with comments on the interrelationships of primitive tetrapods. Palaeontology 31:85-107.
13. Cloutier R, Ahlberg PE. 1996. Morphology, characters, and the interrelationships of basal sarcopterygians. Stiassny MLJ, Parenti LR, Johnson GD, editors. Interrelationships of Fishes. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. pp 445-480.
14. Coates MI, Clack JA. 1991. Fish-like gills and breathing in the earliest known tetrapod. Nature 352:234-236.
15. Damiani RJ. 2001. Cranial anatomy of the giant Middle Triassic temnospondyl Chernia megarhina and a review of feeding in mastodonsaurids. Palaeont Afr 37:41-52.
16. Damiani RJ, Schoch RR, Hellrung H, Werneburg R, Gastou S. 2009. The plagiosaurid temnospondyl Plagiosuchus pustuliferus from the Middle Triassic of Germany: Anatomy and functional morphology of the skull. Zool J Linn Soc 155:348-373.
17. Deban SM. 2003. Constraint and convergence in the evolution of salamander feeding. Bels VL, Gasc J-P, Casinos A, editors. Vertebrate Biomechanics and Evolution. Oxford: BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd. pp 161-178.
18. Deban SM, Wake DB. 2000. Aquatic feeding in Salamanders. Schwenk K, editor. Feeding: Form, Function and Evolution in Tetrapod Vertebrates. San Diego: Academic Press. pp 65-94.
19. Dias-da-Silva S, Milner AR. 2010. The pustulated temnospondyl revisited-A plagiosternine plagiosaurid from the Lower Triassic of Brazil. Acta Palaeontol Pol 55:561-563.
20. Diogo R, Hinits Y, Hughes S. 2008a. Development of mandibular, hyoid and hypobranchial muscles in the zebrafish: Homologies and evolution of these muscles in bony fishes and tetrapods. BMC Dev Biol 8:24-46.
21. Diogo R, Abdala V, Lonergan N, Wood BA. 2008b. From fish to modern humans-Comparative anatomy, homologies and evolution of the head and neck musculature. J Anat 213:391-424.
22. Downs JP, Daeschler EB, Jenkins FA, Shubin NH. 2008. The cranial endoskeleton of Tiktaalik roseae. Nature 455:925-929.
23. Drüner L. 1901. Studien zur Anatomie der Zungenbein-, Kiemenbogen- und Kehlkopfmuskulatur der Urodelen. I. Theil. Zool Jahrb Anat Ontog 15:435-622.
24. Drüner L. 1904. Studien zur Anatomie der Zungenbein-, Kiemenbogen-, und Kehlkopmuskeln der Urodelen. II. Theil. Zool Jahrb Anat Ontog 19:361-690.
25. Edgeworth FH. 1935. The Cranial Muscles of Vertebrates. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 493 p.
26. Elwood JRL, Cundall D. 1994. Morphology and behavior of the feeding apparatus in Cryptobranchus alleganiensis (Amphibia: Caudata). J Morphol 220:47-70.
27. Erdman S, Cundall D. 1984. The feeding apparatus of the salamander Amphiuma tridactylum: Morphology and behavior. J Morphol 181:175-204.
28. Fortuny J, Marcé-Nogué J, de Esteban-Trivigno S, Gil L, Galobart À. 2011. Temnospondyli bite club: Ecomorphological patterns of the most diverse group of early tetrapods. J Evol Biol 24:2040-2054.
29. Fox H. 1954. Development of the skull and associated structures in the Amphibia with special reference to the urodeles. Trans Zool Soc Lond 28:241-302.
30. Fraas E. 1913. Neue Labyrinthodonten aus der schwäbischen Trias. Palaeontographica 60:275-294.
31. Haas A. 2001. Mandibular arch musculature of anuran tadpoles, with comments on homologies of amphibian jaw muscles. J Morphol 247:1-33.
32. Hellrung H. 2003. Gerrothorax pustuloglomeratus, ein Temnospondyle (Amphibia) mit knöcherner Branchialkammer aus dem Unteren Keuper von Kupferzell (Süddeutschland). Stuttg Beitr Natkd Ser B 330:1-130.
33. Hennig W. 1966. Phylogenetic Systematics. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. 280 p.
34. Howie AA. 1970. A new capitosaurid labyrinthodont from East Africa. Palaeontology 13:210-253.
35. Iordanskij NN. 1990. Evolution of Complex Adaptations: The Jaw Apparatus of Amphibians and Reptiles. Moscow: Nauka. 310 p.
36. Janvier P. 1996. Early Vertebrates. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 393 p.
37. Jarvik E. 1954. On the visceral skeleton in Eusthenopteron with a discussion of the parasphenoid and palatoquadrate in fishes. K Svenska Vet Akad Handl, Ser. 4, 5, 1:1-104.
38. Jarvik E. 1963. The composition of the intermandibular division of the head in fish and tetrapods and the diphyletic origin of the tetrapod tongue. K Svenska Vet Akad Handl, Ser. 4, 9, 1:1-74.
39. Jenkins FAJr, Shubin NH, Gatesy SM, Warren AA. 2008. Gerrothorax pulcherrimus from the Upper triassic Fleming Fjord formation of East Greenland and a reassessment of head lifting in temnospondyl feeding. J Vertebr Paleontol 28:935-950.
40. Johnston P. 2011. Cranial muscles of the anurans Leiopelma hochstetteri and Ascaphus truei and the homologies of the mandibular adductors in Lissamphibia and other gnathostomes. J Morphol 272:1492-1512.
41. Kanyukin AA. 2006. Hyobranchial skeleton and hypobranchial muscles of rhipidistians. Paleontol J 40:297-311.
42. Kleinteich T, Haas A. 2007. Cranial musculature in the larva of the caecilian, Ichthyophis kohtaoensis (Lissamphibia: Gymnophiona). J Morphol 268:74-88.
43. Kleinteich T, Haas A. 2011. The hyal and ventral branchial muscles in caecilian and salamander larvae: Homologies and evolution. J Morphol 272:598-613.
44. Lauder GV. 1980. Evolution of the feeding mechanism in primitive actinopterygian fishes: A functional anatomical analysis of Polypterus, Lepisosteus and Amia. J Morphol 163:283-317.
45. Lauder GV, Reilly SM. 1994. Amphibian feeding behavior: Comparative biomechanics and evolution. Bels M, Chardon P, Vandewalle P, editors. Biomechanics of Feeding in Vertebrates. Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology, Vol. 18. Berlin: Springer Verlag. pp 163-195.
46. Lauder GV, Shaffer BH. 1985. Functional morphology of the feeding mechanism in Aquatic Ambystomatid Salamanders. J Morphol 185:297-326.
47. Lubosch W. 1938. Muskeln des Kopfes: Viscerale Muskulatur. Bolk L, Göppert E, Kallius E, Lubosch W, editors. Handbuch der Vergleichenden Anatomie der Wirbeltiere. Band 5. Berlin: Urban und Schwarzenberg. pp. 1011-1106.
48. Luther A. 1914. Über die vom N. trigeminus versorgte Muskulatur der Amphibien mit einem vergleichenden Ausblick über den Adductor mandibulae der Gnathostomen, und einem Beitrag zum Verständnis der Organisation der Anurenlarven. Acta Soc Scient Fenn 44:1-151.
49. Marjanović D, Laurin M. 2008. A reevaluation of the evidence supporting an unorthodox hypothesis on the origin of extant amphibians. Contrib Zool 77:149-199.
50. Matthes E. 1934. Bau und Funktion der Lippensäume wasserlebender Urodelen. Z Morphol Ökol Tiere 28:155-169.
51. Nilsson T. 1946a. A new find of Gerrothorax rhaeticus Nilsson, a plagiosaurid from the Rhaetic of Scania. Lunds Univ Arssk 42:1-42.
52. Nilsson T. 1946b. Structure of the cleithrum in plagiosaurids and the descent of Chelonia. Ark Zool 37:1-18.
53. Olson EC. 1936. The dorsal axial musculature of certain primitive Permian tetrapods. J Morphol 59:265-311.
54. Olson EC. 1961. Jaw mechanisms: Rhipidistians, amphibians, reptiles. Am Zool 1:205-215.
55. Panchen A. 1959. A new armoured amphibian from the Upper Permian of East Africa. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 242:207-281.
56. Romer AS, Witter RV. 1942. Edops, a primitive rhachitomous amphibian from the Texas red beds. J Geol 50:925-960.
57. Ruta M, Coates MI. 2007. Dates, nodes and character conflict: Addressing the lissamphibian origin problem. J Syst Palaeontol 5:69-122.
58. Säve-Söderbergh G. 1945. Notes on the trigeminal musculature in non-mammalian tetrapods. Nov Act Regiae Soc Sci Upsaliensis Ser. 4 13:1-59.
59. Schoch RR. 2008. A new stereospondyl from the Middle Triassic of Germany, and the origin of the Metoposauridae. Zool J Linn Soc 152:79-113.
60. Schoch RR. The evolution of major temnospondyl clades-An inclusive phylogenetic analysis. J Syst Palaeontol (in press).
61. Schoch RR, Witzmann F. 2011. Bystrow's Paradox: Gills, fossils, and the fish-to-tetrapod transition. Acta Zool (Stockholm) 92:251-265.
62. Schoch RR, Witzmann F. 2012. Cranial morphology of the plagiosaurid Gerrothorax pulcherrimus as an extreme example of evolutionary stasis. Lethaia 45:371-385.
63. Shishkin MA. 1987. The evolution of early amphibians (Plagiosauroidea). Trudy Pal Inst Akad Nauk SSSR 225:1-143.
64. Sulej T, Majer D. 2005. The temnospondyl amphibian Cyclotosaurus from the Upper Triassic of Poland. Palaeontology 48:157-170.
65. Taylor MA. 1987. How tetrapods feed in water: A functional analysis by paradigm. Zool J Linn Soc 91:171-195.
66. Warren AA. 2000. Secondarily aquatic temnospondyls of the Upper Permian and Mesozoic. Heatwole H, Carroll RL, editors. Amphibian Biology: Palaeontology, Vol. 4. Chipping Norton: Surrey Beatty. pp 1121-1149.
67. Watson DMS. 1919. The structure, evolution and origin of the Amphibia. The "orders" Rhachitomi and Stereospondyli. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 209:1-73.
68. Watson DMS. 1951. Paleontology and Modern Biology. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. 216 p.
69. Watson DMS. 1958. A new labyrinthodont (Paracyclotosaurus) from the Upper Trias of New South Wales. Bull Br Mus Nat Hist 3:235-263.
70. Wiley EO. 1979. Ventral gill arch muscles and the interrelationships of gnathostomes, with a new classification of the Vertebrata. Zool J Linn Soc 67:149-179.
71. Wilson JA. 1941. An interpretation of the skull of Buettneria, with special reference to the cartilages and soft parts. Contrib Mus Paleontol Univ Mich 5:71-111.
72. Witmer LM. 1995. The extant phylogenetic bracket and the importance of reconstructing soft tissues in fossils. Thomason J, editor. Functional Morphology in Vertebrate Paleontology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp 19-33.
73. Witzmann F. 2004. The external gills of Palaeozoic amphibians. N Jb Geol Pal Abh 232:375-401.
74. Witzmann F. 2011. Morphological and histological changes of dermal scales during the fish-to-tetrapod transition. Acta Zool (Stockholm) 92:281-302.
75. Witzmann F, Soler-Gijón R. 2010. The bone histology of osteoderms in temnospondyl amphibians and in the chroniosuchian Bystrowiella. Acta Zool (Stockholm) 91:96-114.
76. Witzmann F, Scholz H, Müller J, Kardjilov N. 2010. Sculpture and vascularization of dermal bones, and the implications for the physiology of basal tetrapods. Zool J Linn Soc 160:302-340.
77. Witzmann F, Schoch RR, Hilger A, Kardjilov N. 2012. Braincase, palatoquadrate and ear region of the plagiosaurid Gerrothorax pulcherrimus (Fraas, 1913) from the Middle Triassic of Germany. Palaeontology 55:31-50.
78. Yates AM, Warren AA. 2000. The phylogeny of the "higher" temnospondyls (Vertebrata: Choanata) and its implications for the monophyly and origins of the Stereospondyli. Zool J Linn Soc 128:77-121.
79. Zhu M, Schultze H-P. 2001. Interrelationship of basal osteichthyans. Ahlberg P, editor. Major Events in Early Vertebrate Evolution. London: Taylor and Francis. pp 289-314.