Cortical and thalamic pathways for multisensory and sensorimotor interplay

The Neural Bases of Multisensory Processes

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 15-30

  Cappe, Céline ^a   Rouiller, Eric M ^b   Barone, Pascal ^c  

^a EPFL   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FRIBOURG   (Switzerland)

^c Brain and Cognition Research Center in Toulouse   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84875844520     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (155)

1. Amedi, A., G. Jacobson, T. Hendler, R. Malach, and E. Zohary. 2002. Convergence of visual and tactile shape processing in the human lateral occipital complex. Cerebral Cortex 12:1202-12.
2. Amedi, A., W.M., Stern, J.A. Camprodon et al. 2007. Shape conveyed by visual-to-auditory sensory substitu-tion activates the lateral occipital complex. Nature Neuroscience 10:687-9.
3. Andersen, R.A., C., Asanuma, G. Essick, and R.M. Siegel. 1990. Corticocortical connections of anatomi-cally and physiologically defined subdivisions within the inferior parietal lobule. Journal of Comparative Neurology 296:65-113.
4. Andersen, R.A., L.H. Snyder, D.C. Bradley, and J. Xing. 1997. Multimodal representation of space in the posterior parietal cortex and its use in planning movements. Annual Review of Neuroscience 20: 303-30.
5. Avillac, M., S. Ben Hamed, and J.R. Duhamel. 2007. Multisensory integration in the ventral intraparietal area of the macaque monkey. Journal of Neuroscience 27:1922-32.
6. Barbas, H. 1986. Pattern in the laminar origin of corticocortical connections. Journal of Comparative Neurology 252:415-22.
7. Barbas, H., and D.N. Pandya. 1987. Architecture and frontal cortical connections of the premotor cortex (area 6) in the rhesus monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology 256:211-28.
8. Barone, P., and J.P. Joseph. 1989. Role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in organizing visually guided behav-ior. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 33:132-5.
9. Barraclough, N.E., D. Xiao, C.I., Baker, M.W. Oram, and D.I. Perrett. 2005. Integration of visual and auditory information by superior temporal sulcus neurons responsive to the sight of actions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17:377-91.
10. Baylis, G.C., E.T. Rolls, and C.M. Leonard. 1987. Functional subdivisions of the temporal lobe neocortex. Journal of Neuroscience 7:330-42.
11. Bell, A.H., M.A. Meredith, A.J. Van Opstal, and D.P. Munoz. 2005. Crossmodal integration in the primate superior colliculus underlying the preparation and initiation of saccadic eye movements. Journal of Neurophysiology 93:3659-73.
12. Benevento, L.A., J., Fallon, B.J. Davis, and M. Rezak. 1977. Auditory-visual interaction in single cells in the cortex of the superior temporal sulcus and the orbital frontal cortex of the macaque monkey. Experimental Neurology 57:849-72.
13. Bignall, K.E. 1970. Auditory input to frontal polysensory cortex of the squirrel monkey: Possible pathways. Brain Research 19:77-86.
14. Bizley, J.K., and A.J. King. 2008. Visual-auditory spatial processing in auditory cortical neurons. Brain Research 1242:24-36.
15. Bizley, J.K., F.R. Nodal, V.M. Bajo, I. Nelken, and A.J. King. 2007. Physiological and anatomical evidence for multisensory interactions in auditory cortex. Cerebral Cortex 17:2172-89.
16. Blatt, G.J., R.A. Andersen, and G.R. Stoner. 1990. Visual receptive field organization and cortico-cortical con-nections of the lateral intraparietal area (area LIP) in the macaque. Journal of Comparative Neurology 299:421-45.
17. Bremmer, F., F. Klam, J.R. Duhamel, S. Ben Hamed, and W. Graf. 2002. Visual-vestibular interactive responses in the macaque ventral intraparietal area (VIP). European Journal of Neuroscience 16:1569-86.
18. Bruce, C., R. Desimone, and C.G. Gross. 1981. Visual properties of neurons in a polysensory area in superior temporal sulcus of the macaque. Journal of Neurophysiology 46:369-84.
19. Budinger, E., and H. Scheich. 2009. Anatomical connections suitable for the direct processing of neuronal information of different modalities via the rodent primary auditory cortex (review). Hearing Research 258:16-27.
20. Budinger, E., P. Heil, A. Hess, and H. Scheich. 2006. Multisensory processing via early cortical stages: Connections of the primary auditory cortical field with other sensory systems. Neuroscience 143:1065-83.
21. Bullier, J. 2006. What is feed back? In 23 Problems in Systems Neuroscience, ed. J.L. van Hemmen and T.J. Sejnowski, 103-132. New York: Oxford University Press.
22. Calvert, G.A. 2001. Crossmodal processing in the human brain: Insights from functional neuroimaging studies (review). Cerebral Cortex 11:1110-23.
23. Calvert, G., C. Spence, and B.E. Stein, eds. 2004. The Handbook of Multisensory Processes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
24. Campi, K.L., K.L. Bales, R. Grunewald, and L. Krubitzer. 2010. Connections of auditory and visual cortex in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster): Evidence for multisensory processing in primary sensory areas. Cerebral Cortex 20:89-108.
25. Cappe, C., and P. Barone. 2005. Heteromodal connections supporting multisensory integration at low levels of cortical processing in the monkey. European Journal of Neuroscience 22:2886-902.
26. Cappe, C., A. Morel, and E.M. Rouiller. 2007. Thalamocortical and the dual pattern of corticothalamic projec-tions of the posterior parietal cortex in macaque monkeys. Neuroscience 146:1371-87.
27. Cappe, C., E.M. Rouiller, and P. Barone. 2009a. Multisensory anatomic pathway (review). Hearing Research 258:28-36.
28. Cappe, C., G. Thut, V. Romei, and M.M. Murray. 2009b. Selective integration of auditory-visual looming cues by humans. Neuropsychologia 47:1045-52.
29. Cappe, C., A. Morel, P. Barone, and E.M. Rouiller. 2009c. The thalamocortical projection systems in primate: An anatomical support for multisensory and sensorimotor integrations. Cerebral Cortex 19:2025-37.
30. Cappe, C., M.M. Murray, P. Barone, and E.M. Rouiller. 2010. Multisensory facilitation of behavior in monkeys: Effects of stimulus intensity. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22:2850-63.
31. Cohen, Y.E., B.E. Russ, and G.W. Gifford 3rd. 2005. Auditory processing in the posterior parietal cortex (review). Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews 4:218-31.
32. Cohen, Y.E., F. Theunissen, B.E. Russ, and P. Gill. 2007. Acoustic features of rhesus vocalizations and their representation in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology 97:1470-84.
33. Colby, C.L., and M.E. Goldberg. 1999. Space and attention in parietal cortex (review). Annual Review of Neuroscience 22:319-49.
34. Crick, F., and C. Koch. 1998. Constraints on cortical and thalamic projections: The no-strong-loops hypothesis. Nature 391:245-50.
35. Cusick, C.G., B. Seltzer, M. Cola, and E. Griggs. 1995. Chemoarchitectonics and corticocortical terminations within the superior temporal sulcus of the rhesus monkey: Evidence for subdivisions of superior temporal polysensory cortex. Journal of Comparative Neurology 360:513-35.
36. Darian-Smith, C., A. Tan, and S. Edwards. 1999. Comparing thalamocortical and corticothalamic microstruc-ture and spatial reciprocity in the macaque ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPLc) and medial pulvinar. Journal of Comparative Neurology 410:211-34.
37. de la Mothe, L.A., S. Blumell, Y. Kajikawa, and T.A. Hackett. 2006a. Cortical connections of the auditory cortex in marmoset monkeys: Core and medial belt regions. Journal of Comparative Neurology 496:27-71.
38. de la Mothe, L.A., S. Blumell, Y. Kajikawa, and T.A. Hackett. 2006b. Thalamic connections of the auditory cor-tex in marmoset monkeys: Core and medial belt regions. Journal of Comparative Neurology 496:72-96.
39. Desimone, R., and C.G. Gross. 1979. Visual areas in the temporal cortex of the macaque. Brain Research 178:363-80.
40. Disbrow, E., E. Litinas, G.H. Recanzo, J. Padberg, and L. Krubitzer. 2003. Cortical connections of the sec-ond somatosensory area and the parietal ventral area in macaque monkeys. Journal of Comparative Neurology 462:382-99.
41. Duhamel, J.R., C.L. Colby, and M.E. Goldberg. 1998. Ventral intraparietal area of the macaque: Congruent visual and somatic response properties. Journal of Neurophysiology 79:126-36.
42. Ettlinger, G., and W.A. Wilson. 1990. Cross-modal performance: Behavioural processes, phylogenetic consid-erations and neural mechanisms (review). Behavioural Brain Research 40:169-92.
43. Falchier, A., S. Clavagnier, P. Barone, and H. Kennedy. 2002. Anatomical evidence of multimodal integration in primate striate cortex. Journal of Neuroscience 22:5749-59.
44. Falchier, A., C.E. Schroeder, T.A. Hackett et al. 2010. Low level intersensory connectivity as a fundamental feature of neocortex. Cerebral Cortex 20:1529-38.
45. Felleman, D.J., and D.C. Van Essen. 1991. Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex. Cerebral Cortex 1:1-47.
46. Fogassi, L., V. Gallese, L. Fadiga, G. Luppino, M. Matelli, and G. Rizzolatti. 1996. Coding of peripersonal space in inferior premotor cortex (area F4). Journal of Neurophysiology 76:141-57.
47. Fort, A., C. Delpuech, J. Pernier, and M.H. Giard. 2002. Dynamics of corticosubcortical cross-modal opera-tions involved in audio-visual object detection in humans. Cerebral Cortex 12:1031-39.
48. Forster, B., C. Cavina-Pratesi, S.M. Aglioti, and G. Berlucchi. 2002. Redundant target effect and intersensory facili-tation from visual-tactile interactions in simple reaction time. Experimental Brain Research 143:480-487.
49. Foxe, J.J., I.A. Morocz, M.M. Murray, B.A. Higgins, D.C. Javitt, and C.E. Schroeder. 2000. Multisensory auditory-somatosensory interactions in early cortical processing revealed by high-density electrical mapping. Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research 10:77-83.
50. Foxe, J.J., G.R. Wylie, A. Martinez et al. 2002. Auditory-somatosensory multisensory processing in auditory association cortex: An fMRI study. Journal of Neurophysiology 88:540-3.
51. Frens, M.A., and A.J. Van Opstal. 1998. Visual-auditory interactions modulate saccade-related activity in mon-key superior colliculus. Brain Research Bulletin 46:211-24.
52. Fries, P., S. Neuenschwander, A.K. Engel, R. Goebel, and W. Singer. 2001. Rapid feature selective neuronal synchronization through correlated latency shifting. Nature Neuroscience 4:194-200.
53. Fu, K.M., T.A. Johnston, A.S. Shah et al. 2003. Auditory cortical neurons respond to somatosensory stimula-tion. Journal of Neuroscience 23:7510-5.
54. Fuster, J.M. 2001. The prefrontal cortex-an update: Time is of the essence (review). Neuron 30:319-33.
55. Fuster, J.M., M. Bodner, and J.K. Kroger. 2000. Cross-modal and cross-temporal association in neurons of frontal cortex. Nature 405:347-51.
56. Gaffan, D., and S. Harrison. 1991. Auditory-visual associations, hemispheric specialization and temporal-frontal interaction in the rhesus monkey. Brain 114:2133-44.
57. Galletti, C., M. Gamberini, D.F. Kutz, P. Fattori, G. Luppino, M. Matelli. 2001. The cortical connections of area V6: An occipito-parietal network processing visual information. European Journal of Neuroscience 13:1572-88.
58. Gattass, R., E. Oswaldo-Cruz, and A.P. Sousa. 1979. Visual receptive fields of units in the pulvinar of cebus monkey. Brain Research 160:413-30.
59. Ghazanfar, A.A. 2009. The multisensory roles for auditory cortex in primate vocal communication (review). Hearing Research 258:113-20.
60. Ghazanfar, A.A., and C.E. Schroeder. 2006. Is neocortex essentially multisensory? (review). Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10:278-85.
61. Ghazanfar, A.A., J.X. Maier, K.L. Hoffman, and N.K. Logothetis. 2005. Multisensory integration of dynamic faces and voices in rhesus monkey auditory cortex. Journal of Neuroscience 25:5004-12.
62. Ghazanfar, A.A., C. Chandrasekaran, and N.K. Logothetis. 2008. Interactions between the superior tempo-ral sulcus and auditory cortex mediate dynamic face/voice integration in rhesus monkeys. Journal of Neuroscience 28:4457-69.
63. Giard, M.H., and F. Peronnet. 1999. Auditory-visual integration during multimodal object recognition in humans: A behavioral and electrophysiological study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 11:473-90.
64. Gifford 3rd, G.W., and Y.E. Cohen. 2004. Effect of a central fixation light on auditory spatial responses in area LIP. Journal of Neurophysiology 91:2929-33.
65. Gingras, G., B.A. Rowland, and B.E. Stein. 2009. The differing impact of multisensory and unisensory integra-tion on behavior. Journal of Neuroscience 29:4897-902.
66. Giray, M., and R. Ulrich. 1993. Motor coactivation revealed by response force in divided and focused attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance 19:1278-91.
67. Gondan, M., B. Niederhaus, F. Rösler, and B. Röder. 2005. Multisensory processing in the redundant-target effect: A behavioral and event-related potential study. Perception & Psychophysics 67:713-26.
68. Gottlieb, J. 2007. From thought to action: The parietal cortex as a bridge between perception, action, and cogni-tion (review). Neuron 53:9-16.
69. Graziano, M.S., G.S. Yap, and C.G. Gross. 1994. Coding of visual space by premotor neurons. Science 266:1054-7.
70. Graziano, M.S., L.A. Reiss, and C.G. Gross. 1999. A neuronal representation of the location of nearby sounds. Nature 397:428-30.
71. Guillery, R.W. 1995. Anatomical evidence concerning the role of the thalamus in corticocortical communica-tion: A brief review. Journal of Anatomy 187:583-92.
72. Gutierrez, C., M.G. Cola, B. Seltzer, and C. Cusick. 2000. Neurochemical and connectional organization of the dorsal pulvinar complex in monkeys. Journal of Comparative Neurology 419:61-86.
73. Hackett, T.A., I. Stepniewska, and J.H. Kaas. 1998. Thalamocortical connections of the parabelt auditory cortex in macaque monkeys. Journal of Comparative Neurology 400:271-86.
74. Hackett, T.A., I. Stepniewska, and J.H. Kaas. 1999. Prefrontal connections of the parabelt auditory cortex in macaque monkeys. Brain Research 817:45-58.
75. Hackett, T.A., L.A. de La Mothe, I. Ulbert, G. Karmos, J. Smiley, and C.E. Schroeder. 2007. Multisensory convergence in auditory cortex: II. Thalamocortical connections of the caudal superior temporal plane. Journal of Comparative Neurology 502:924-52.
76. Hagen, M.C., O. Franzén, F. McGlone, G. Essick, C. Dancer, and J.V. Pardo. 2002. Tactile motion activates the human middle temporal/V5 (MT/V5) complex. European Journal of Neuroscience 16:957-64.
77. Hall, A.J., and S.G. Lomber. 2008. Auditory cortex projections target the peripheral field representation of primary visual cortex. Experimental Brain Research 190:413-30.
78. Hecht, D., M. Reiner, and A. Karni. 2008. Enhancement of response times to bi- and tri-modal sensory stimuli during active movements. Experimental Brain Research 185:655-65.
79. Heffner, R.S., and H.E. Heffner. 1992. Visual factors in sound localization in mammals. Journal of Comparative Neurology 317:219-32.
80. Hikosaka, K., E. Iwai, H. Saito, and K. Tanaka. 1988. Polysensory properties of neurons in the anterior bank of the caudal superior temporal sulcus of the macaque monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology 60:1615-37.
81. Huffman, K.J., and L. Krubitzer. 2001. Area 3a: topographic organization and cortical connections in marmoset monkeys. Cerebral Cortex 11:849-67.
82. Innocenti, G.M., P. Berbel, and S. Clarke. 1988. Development of projections from auditory to visual areas in the cat. Journal of Comparative Neurology 272:242-59.
83. James, T.W., G.K. Humphrey, J.S. Gati, P. Servos, R.S. Menon, and M.A. Goodale. 2002. Haptic study of three-dimensional objects activates extrastriate visual areas. Neuropsychologia 40:1706-14.
84. Jepma, M., E.J. Wagenmakers, G.P. Band, and S. Nieuwenhuis. 2009. The effects of accessory stimuli on information processing: Evidence from electrophysiology and a diffusion model analysis. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21:847-64.
85. Jones, E.G. 1998. Viewpoint: The core and matrix of thalamic organization. Neuroscience 85:331-45.
86. Joseph, J.P., and P. Barone. 1987. Prefrontal unit activity during a delayed oculomotor task in the monkey. Experimental Brain Research 67:460-8.
87. Kaas, J.H., and C.E. Collins. 2001. Evolving ideas of brain evolution. Nature 411:141-2.
88. Kaas, J., and C.E. Collins. 2004. The resurrection of multisensory cortex in primates: connection patterns that integrates modalities. In The Handbook of Multisensory Processes, ed. G. Calvert, C. Spence, and B.E. Stein, 285-93. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
89. Kaas, J.H., and T.A. Hackett. 2000. Subdivisions of auditory cortex and processing streams in primates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97:11793-9.
90. Kaas, J.H., and A. Morel. 1993. Connections of visual areas of the upper temporal lobe of owl monkeys: The MT crescent and dorsal and ventral subdivisions of FST. Journal of Neuroscience 13:534-46.
91. Kayser, C., and N.K. Logothetis. 2009. Directed interactions between auditory and superior temporal cortices and their role in sensory integration (review). Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience 3:7. doi: 10.3389/neuro.07.007.2009.
92. Kayser, C., C.I. Petkov, M. Augath, and N.K. Logothetis. 2005. Integration of touch and sound in auditory cortex. Neuron 48:373-84.
93. Kayser, C., C.I. Petkov, M. Augath, and N.K. Logothetis. 2007. Functional imaging reveals visual modulation of specific fields in auditory cortex. Journal of Neuroscience 27:1824-35.
94. Kayser, C., C.I. Petkov, and N.K. Logothetis. 2008. Visual modulation of neurons in auditory cortex. Cerebral Cortex 18:1560-74.
95. Komura, Y., R. Tamura, T. Uwano, H. Nishijo, and T. Ono. 2005. Auditory thalamus integrates visual inputs into behavioral gains. Nature Neuroscience 8:1203-9.
96. Krubitzer, L.A., and J.H. Kaas. 1990. The organization and connections of somatosensory cortex in marmosets. Journal of Neuroscience 10:952-74.
97. Lakatos, P., C.M. Chen, M.N. O'Connell, A. Mills, and C.E. Schroeder. 2007. Neuronal oscillations and multi-sensory interaction in primary auditory cortex. Neuron 53:279-92.
98. Lamarre, Y., L. Busby, and G. Spidalieri. 1983. Fast ballistic arm movements triggered by visual, auditory, and somesthetic stimuli in the monkey: I. Activity of precentral cortical neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology 50:1343-58.
99. Laurienti, P.J., R.A. Kraft, J.A. Maldjian, J.H. Burdette, and M.T. Wallace. 2004. Semantic congruence is a critical factor in multisensory behavioral performance. Experimental Brain Research 158:405-14.
100. Lewis, J.W., and D.C. Van Essen. 2000. Corticocortical connections of visual, sensorimotor, and multimodal pro-cessing areas in the parietal lobe of the macaque monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology 428:112-37.
101. Linden, J.F., A. Grunewald, and R.A. Andersen. 1999. Responses to auditory stimuli in macaque lateral intra-parietal area: II. Behavioral modulation. Journal of Neurophysiology 82:343-58.
102. Lovelace, C.T., B.E. Stein, and M.T. Wallace. 2003. An irrelevant light enhances auditory detection in humans: A psychophysical analysis of multisensory integration in stimulus detection. Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research 17:447-53.
103. Martuzzi, R., M.M. Murray, C.M. Michel et al. 2007. Multisensory interactions within human primary cortices revealed by BOLD dynamics. Cerebral Cortex 17:1672-9.
104. Maunsell, J.H., and D.C. Van Essen. 1983. The connections of the middle temporal visual area (MT) and their relationship to a cortical hierarchy in the macaque monkey. Journal of Neuroscience 3:2563-86.
105. Miller, J. 1982. Divided attention: Evidence for coactivation with redundant signals. Cognitive Psychology 14:247-79.
106. Miller, J., R. Ulrich, and Y. Lamarre. 2001. Locus of the redundant-signals effect in bimodal divided attention: A neurophysiological analysis. Perception & Psychophysics 63:555-62.
107. Milner, B., M. Petrides, and M.L. Smith. 1985. Frontal lobes and the temporal organization of memory. Human Neurobiology 4:137-42.
108. Molholm, S., W. Ritter, M.M. Murray, D.C. Javitt, C.E. Schroeder, and J.J. Foxe. 2002. Multisensory auditory-visual interactions during early sensory processing in humans: A high-density electrical mapping study. Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research 14:115-28.
109. Mordkoff, J.T., J. Miller, and A.C. Roch. 1996. Absence of coactivation in the motor component: Evidence from psychophysiological measures of target detection. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance 22:25-41.
110. Morel, A., J. Liu, T. Wannier, D. Jeanmonod, and E.M. Rouiller. 2005. Divergence and convergence of thalamo-cortical projections to premotor and supplementary motor cortex: A multiple tracing study in macaque monkey. European Journal of Neuroscience 21:1007-29.
111. Murray, M.M., S. Molholm, C.M. Michel et al. 2005. Grabbing your ear: Rapid auditory-somatosensory multisensory interactions in low-level sensory cortices are not constrained by stimulus alignment. Cerebral Cortex 15:963-74.
112. Palmer, S.M., and M.G. Rosa. 2006. A distinct anatomical network of cortical areas for analysis of motion in far peripheral vision. European Journal of Neuroscience 24:2389-405.
113. Pandya, D.N., and B. Seltzer. 1982. Intrinsic connections and architectonics of posterior parietal cortex in the rhesus monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology 204:196-210.
114. Petrides, M., and S.D. Iversen. 1976. Cross-modal matching and the primate frontal cortex. Science 192:1023-4.
115. Poremba, A., R.C. Saunders, A.M. Crane, M. Cook, L. Sokoloff, and M. Mishkin. 2003. Functional mapping of the primate auditory system. Science 299:568-72.
116. Raab, D.H. 1962. Statistical facilitation of simple reaction times. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences 24:574-90.
117. Rizzolatti, G., L. Fogassi, and V. Gallese. 1997. Parietal cortex: From sight to action (review). Current Opinion in Neurobiology 7:562-7.
118. Rockland, K.S. 1996. Two types of corticopulvinar terminations: Round (type 2) and elongate (type 1). Journal of Comparative Neurology 368:57-87.
119. Rockland, K.S., and H. Ojima. 2003. Multisensory convergence in calcarine visual areas in macaque monkey. International Journal of Psychophysiology 50:19-26.
120. Romanski, L.M. 2004. Domain specificity in the primate prefrontal cortex (review). Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience 4:421-9.
121. Romanski, L.M. 2007. Representation and integration of auditory and visual stimuli in the primate ventral lateral prefrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex 17 Suppl. no. 1, i61-9.
122. Romanski, L.M., M. Giguere, J.F. Bates, and P.S. Goldman-Rakic. 1997. Topographic organization of medial pulvinar connections with the prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology 379:313-32.
123. Romanski, L.M., J.F. Bates, and P.S. Goldman-Rakic. 1999. Auditory belt and parabelt projections to the pre-frontal cortex in the rhesus monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology 403:141-57.
124. Romanski, L.M., and P.S. Goldman-Rakic. 2002. An auditory domain in primate prefrontal cortex. Nature Neuroscience 5:15-6.
125. Romei, V., M.M. Murray, L.B. Merabet, and G. Thut. 2007. Occipital transcranial magnetic stimulation has opposing effects on visual and auditory stimulus detection: Implications for multisensory interactions. Journal of Neuroscience 27:11465-72.
126. Rouiller, E.M., and C. Durif. 2004. The dual pattern of corticothalamic projection of the primary auditory cor-tex in macaque monkey. Neuroscience Letters 358:49-52.
127. Rouiller, E.M., J. Tanné, V. Moret, I. Kermadi, D. Boussaoud, and E. Welker. 1998. Dual morphology and topography of the corticothalamic terminals originating from the primary, supplementary motor, and dorsal premotor cortical areas in macaque monkeys. Journal of Comparative Neurology 396:169-85.
128. Rouiller, E.M., and E. Welker. 2000. A comparative analysis of the morphology of corticothalamic projections in mammals. Brain Research Bulletin 53:727-41.
129. Rouiller, E.M., T. Wannier, and A. Morel. 2003. The dual pattern of corticothalamic projection of the premotor cortex in macaque monkeys. Thalamus & Related Systems 2:189-97.
130. Russ, B.E., A.M. Kim, K.L. Abrahamsen, R. Kiringoda, and Y.E. Cohen. 2006. Responses of neurons in the lateral intraparietal area to central visual cues. Experimental Brain Research 174:712-27.
131. Sadato, N., A. Pascual-Leone, J. Grafman et al. 1996. Activation of the primary visual cortex by Braille reading in blind subjects. Nature 380:526-8.
132. Salin, P.A., and J. Bullier. 1995. Corticocortical connections in the visual system: Structure and function. Physiological Reviews 75:107-54.
133. Sathian, K., and A. Zangaladze. 2002. Feeling with the mind's eye: Contribution of visual cortex to tactile perception (review). Behavioural Brain Research 135:127-32.
134. Schall, J.D., A. Morel, D.J. King, and J. Bullier. 1995. Topography of visual cortex connections with fron-tal eye field in macaque: Convergence and segregation of processing streams. Journal of Neuroscience 15:4464-87.
135. Schlack, A., S.J. Sterbing-D'Angelo, K. Hartung, K.P. Hoffmann, and F. Bremmer. 2005. Multisensory space representations in the macaque ventral intraparietal area. Journal of Neuroscience 25:4616-25.
136. Schroeder, C.E., and J.J. Foxe. 2002. The timing and laminar profile of converging inputs to multisensory areas of the macaque neocortex. Cognitive Brain Research 14:187-98.
137. Schroeder, C.E., R.W. Lindsley, C. Specht, A. Marcovici, J.F. Smiley, and D.C. Javitt. 2001. Somatosensory input to auditory association cortex in the macaque monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology 85:1322-7.
138. Schwartz, M.L., J.J. Dekker, and P.S. Goldman-Rakic. 1991. Dual mode of corticothalamic synaptic termina-tion in the mediodorsal nucleus of the rhesus monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology 309:289-304.
139. Seltzer, B., and D.N. Pandya. 1994. Parietal, temporal, and occipital projections to cortex of the superior temporal sulcus in the rhesus monkey: A retrograde tracer study. Journal of Comparative Neurology 343:445-63.
140. Sherman, S.M. 2007. The thalamus is more than just a relay. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 17:417-22.
141. Sherman, S.M., and R.W. Guillery. 2002. The role of the thalamus in the flow of information to the cortex. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 357:1695-708.
142. Sherman, S.M., and R.W. Guillery. 2005. Exploring the Thalamus and Its Role in Cortical Function. Cambridge: MIT Press.
143. Shipp, S. 2003. The functional logic of cortico-pulvinar connections. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 358:1605-24.
144. Smiley, J.F., T.A. Hackett, I. Ulbert, G. Karmas, P. Lakatos, D.C. Javitt, and C.E. Schroeder. 2007. Multisensory convergence in auditory cortex, I. Cortical connections of the caudal superior temporal plane in macaque monkeys. Journal of Comparative Neurology 502:894-923.
145. Smiley, J.F., and A. Falchier. 2009. Multisensory connections of monkey auditory cerebral cortex. Hearing Research 258:37-46.
146. Sperdin, H., C. Cappe, J.J. Foxe, and M.M. Murray. 2009. Early, low-level auditory-somatosensory multisen-sory interactions impact reaction time speed. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience 3:2. doi:10.3389/neuro.07.002.2009.
147. Stein, B.E., and M.A. Meredith. 1993. The Merging of the Senses. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
148. Stein, B.E., M.A. Meredith, W.S. Huneycutt, and L. Mcdade. 1989. Behavioral indices of multisensory inte-gration: Orientation to visual cues is affected by auditory stimuli. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 1:12-24.
149. Suzuki, H. 1985. Distribution and organization of visual and auditory neurons in the monkey prefrontal cortex. Vision Research 25:465-9.
150. Tanné-Gariépy, J., E.M. Rouiller, and D. Boussaoud. 2002. Parietal inputs to dorsal versus ventral premo-tor areas in the macaque monkey: Evidence for largely segregated visuomotor pathways. Experimental Brain Research 145:91-103.
151. Taktakishvili, O., E. Sivan-Loukianova, K. Kultas-Ilinsky, and I.A. Ilinsky. 2002. Posterior parietal cortex pro-jections to the ventral lateral and some association thalamic nuclei in Macaca mulatta. Brain Research Bulletin 59:135-50.
152. Wallace, M.T., R. Ramachandran, and B.E. Stein. 2004. A revised view of sensory cortical parcellation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101:2167-72.
153. Wang, Y., S. Celebrini, Y. Trotter, and P. Barone. 2008. Visuo-auditory interactions in the primary visual cortex of the behaving monkey: Electrophysiological evidence. BMC Neuroscience 9:79.
154. Yirmiya, R., and S. Hocherman. 1987. Auditory- and movement-related neural activity interact in the pulvinar of the behaving rhesus monkey. Brain Research 402:93-102.
155. Zampini, M., D. Torresan, C. Spence, and M.M. Murray. 2007. Auditory-somatosensory multisensory interac-tions in front and rear space. Neuropsychologia 45:1869-77.