Greenland meltwater as a significant and potentially bioavailable source of iron to the ocean

Nature Geoscience

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 274-278

  Bhatia, Maya P ^a,b   Kujawinski, Elizabeth B ^a   Das, Sarah B ^a   Breier, Crystaline F ^a   Henderson, Paul B ^a   Charette, Matthew A ^a  

^a WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOAVAILABILITY; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DUST; GLACIAL ENVIRONMENT; GLOBAL OCEAN; GLOBAL WARMING; ICE SHEET; ICEBERG; IRON; MELTWATER; OPEN OCEAN; PRIMARY PRODUCTION; TRACE ELEMENT;

ARCTIC; ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (NORTH); GREENLAND;

EID: 84875798145     PISSN: 17520894     EISSN: 17520908     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1746     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Moore, J. K., Doney, S. C., Glover, D. M. & Fung, I. Y. Iron cycling and nutrient-limitation patterns in surface waters of the World Ocean. Deep Sea Res. II 49, 463-507 (2001).
2. Raiswell, R., Benning, L. G., Tranter, M. & Tulaczyk, S. Bioavailable iron in the Southern Ocean: The significance of the iceberg conveyor belt. Geochem. Trans. 9, http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1467-4866-9-7 (2008).
3. Raiswell, R. et al. Contributions from glacially derived sediment to the global iron (oxyhydr)oxide cycle: Implications for iron delivery to the oceans. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70, 2765-2780 (2006).
4. Crusius, J. et al. Glacial flour dust storms in the Gulf of Alaska: Hydrologic and meteorological controls and their importance as a source of bioavailable iron. Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, L06602 (2011).
5. Statham, P. J., Skidmore, M. & Tranter, M. Inputs of glacially derived dissolved and colloidal iron to the coastal ocean and implications for primary productivity. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 22, GB3013 (2008).
6. Blain, S., Guieu, C., Claustre, H. & Leblanc, K. Availability of iron and major nutrients for phytoplankton in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 49, 2045-2104 (2004).
7. Mills, M. M., Ridame, C., Davey, M., La Roche, J. & Geider, R. J. Iron and phosphorus co-limit nitrogen fixation in the eastern tropical North Atlantic. Nature 429, 292-294 (2004).
8. Moore, C. M. et al. Iron limits primary productivity during spring bloom development in the central North Atlantic. Glob. Change Biol. 12, 626-634 (2006).
9. Nielsdottir, M. C., Moore, C. M., Sanders, R., Hinz, D. J. & Achterberg, E. P. Iron limitation of the postbloom phytoplankton communities in the Iceland Basin. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 23, GB3001 (2009).
10. Bartholomew, I. et al. Seasonal evolution of subglacial drainage and acceleration in a Greenland outlet glacier. Nature Geosci. 3, 408-411 (2010).
11. Das, S. B. et al. Fracture propagation to the base of the Greenland Ice Sheet during supraglacial lake drainage. Science 320, 778-781 (2008).
12. Raiswell, R. & Canfield, D. E. The iron biogeochemical cycle past and present. Geochem. Perspect. 1, 1-220 (2012).
13. Chao, T. T. & Zhou, L. Extraction techniques for selective dissolution of amorphous iron-oxides from soils and sediments. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 47, 225-232 (1983).
14. Hall, G. E. M., Vaive, J. E., Beer, R. & Hoashi, M. Selective leaches revisited, with emphasis on the amorphous Fe oxyhydroxide phase extraction. J. Geochem. Explor. 56, 59-78 (1996).
15. Charette, M. A., Sholkovitz, E. R. & Hansel, C. M. Trace element cycling in a subterranean estuary: Part 1. Geochemistry of the permeable sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 69, 2095-2109 (2005).
16. Escher, A. Geological Maps of Greenland 1:500,000 (Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), 1971).
17. Bhatia, M. et al. Seasonal evolution of water contributions to discharge from a Greenland outlet glacier: Insight from a new isotope-mixing model. J. Glaciol. 57, 929-941 (2011).
18. Dai, M. H. First data on trace metal level and behaviour in two major Arctic river-estuarine systems (Ob and Yenisey) and in the adjacent Kara Sea, Russia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 131, 127-141 (1995).
19. Bhatia, M., Das, S. B., Xu, X. L., Charette, M. & Kujawinski, E. B. Organic carbon export from the Greenland ice sheet. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.02.006 (in the press, 2013).
20. Achterberg, E. P., Holland, T. W., Bowie, A. R., Mantoura, R. F. C. & Worsfold, P. J. Determination of iron in seawater. Anal. Chim. Acta 442, 1-14 (2001).
21. Rue, E. L. & Bruland, K. W. The role of organic complexation on ambient iron chemistry in the equatorial Pacific Ocean and the response of a mesoscale iron addition experiment. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42, 901-910 (1997).
22. Boyle, E. A., Edmond, J. M. & Sholkovitz, E. R. The mechanism of iron removal in estuaries. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 41, 1313-1324 (1977).
23. Wen, L-S., Santschi, P., Gill, G. & Paternostro, C. Estuarine trace metal distributions in Galveston Bay: Importance of colloidal forms in the speciation of the dissolved phase. Mar. Chem. 63, 185-212 (1999).
24. Sarmiento, J. & Gruber, N. Ocean Biogeochemical Dynamics (Princeton Univ. Press, 2006).
25. Bamber, J., van den Broeke, M., Ettema, J., Lenaerts, J. & Rignot, E. Recent large increases in freshwater fluxes from Greenland into the North Atlantic. Geophys. Res. Lett. 39, L19501 (2012).
26. Boyd, P. W., Mackie, D. S. & Hunter, K. A. Aerosol iron deposition to the surface ocean-Modes of iron supply and biological responses. Mar. Chem. 120, 128-143 (2010).
27. Fan, S. M., Moxim, W. J. & Levy, H. Aeolian input of bioavailable iron to the ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, LO7602 (2006).
28. Jickells, T. D. et al. Global iron connections between desert dust, ocean biogeochemistry, and climate. Science 308, 67-71 (2005).
29. Frajka-Williams, E. & Rhines, P. B. Physical controls and interannual variability of the Labrador Sea spring phytoplankton bloom in distinct regions. Deep-Sea Res. I 57, 541-552 (2010).
30. Tedesco, M. et al. Evidence and analysis of 2012 Greenland records from spaceborne observations, a regional climate model and reanalysis data. Cryos. Discuss. 6, 4939-4976 (2012).