Nutrient pollution in shallow aquifers underlying pit latrines and domestic solid waste dumps in urban slums

Journal of Environmental Management

Volumn 122, Issue , 2013, Pages 15-24

  Nyenje, P M ^a,b   Foppen, J W ^a   Kulabako, R ^b   Muwanga, A ^b   Uhlenbrook, S ^a,c  

^a UNESCO IHE INSTITUTE FOR WATER EDUCATION   (Netherlands)

^b MAKERERE UNIVERSITY   (Uganda)

^c DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Groundwater; Loads; Nutrients; Processes; Sanitation; Slums

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM COMPOUNDS; EUTROPHICATION; GROUNDWATER FLOW; GROUNDWATER POLLUTION; GROUNDWATER RESOURCES; HOUSING; HYDROGEOLOGY; LEACHING; NUTRIENTS; PHOSPHORUS; SANITATION; SOLID WASTES; URBAN GROWTH;

DOMESTIC SOLID WASTES; DOWNGRADIENTS; LOAD; LOW INCOMES; NUTRIENT LOADS; ON-SITE SANITATION SYSTEMS; PROCESS; SHALLOW AQUIFERS; SLUM; WASTE DUMPS;

AQUIFERS;

AMMONIA; DOMESTIC CHEMICAL; GROUND WATER; NITRITE; NITROGEN; PHOSPHATE; PHOSPHORUS;

AQUIFER; EUTROPHICATION; NITROGEN COMPOUND; NUTRIENT CYCLING; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; ORTHOPHOSPHATE; PHOSPHORUS; POLLUTANT REMOVAL; SANITATION; SHALLOW WATER; SOLID WASTE; URBAN AREA; WASTEWATER;

ARTICLE; GEOCHEMISTRY; HYDROLOGY; NUTRIENT; NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION; SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT; UGANDA; URBAN AREA; WASTE WATER;

EID: 84875766927     PISSN: 03014797     EISSN: 10958630     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.02.040     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Abiye T., Sulieman H., Ayalew M. Use of treated wastewater for managed aquifer recharge in highly populated urban centers: a case study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Environmental Geology 2009, 58(1):55-59.
2. APHA/AWWA/WEF Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 2005, Washington, DC. 21st ed.
3. Appelo C.A.J., Postma D. Geochemistry, Groundwater and Pollution: Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2007, 558 pp.
4. ARGOSS Assessing Risk to Groundwater from On-site Sanitation: Scientific Review and Case Studies. British Geological Survey 2002, Volume Commissioned Report, 4411 pp.
5. Barrett M., Nalubega M., Pedley S. On-site sanitation and urban aquifer systems in Uganda. Waterlines 1999, 17(4):10-13.
6. Biryabareema, M., 2001. Groundwater contamination and role of geologic strata in retaining pollutants around waste disposal sites in Greater Kampala. PhD thesis, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
7. Borggaard O.K. Selective extraction of amorphous iron oxides by EDTA from a Danish sandy loam. Journal of Soil Science. 1979, 30:727-734.
8. Bouwer H. The bouwer and rice slug test-an update. Ground Water 1989, 27(3):304-309.
9. Bouyoucos G.J. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of soils. Agronomy Journal 1962, 53:464-465.
10. Bray R.H., Kurtz L.T. Determination of total, organic, and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Science 1945, 59:39-45.
11. Butler J.J., Garnett E.J., Healey J.M. Analysis of slug tests in formations of high hydraulic conductivity. Ground Water 2003, 41(5):620-630.
12. Butler A.P., Brook C., Godley A., Lewin K., Young C.P. Attenuation of landfill leachate in unsaturated sandstone. Proceedings Sardinia 2003, Ninth International Landfill Symposium 2003, CISA Publisher. T.H. Christensen, R. Cossu, R. Stegmann (Eds.).
13. Christensen T.H., Kjeldsen P., Albrechtsen H.-J., Heron G., Bjerg P.L., Holm P. Attenuation of landfill leachate pollution in aquifers. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science & Technology 1994, 24:119-202.
14. CIDI Citzens Action for Water and Sanitation Survey Report in Kawempe Division, Kampala, Uganda 2006, Community Integrated Development Initiatives (CIDI).
15. Coetzee M.A.A., Van der Merwe M.P.R., Badenhorst J. Effect of nitrogen loading rates on nitrogen removal by using a biological filter proposed for ventilated improved pit latrines. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2011, 8(2):363-372.
16. Cronin A.A., Hoadley A.W., Gibson J., Breslin N., Komou F.K., Haldin L., Pedley S. Urbanisation effects on groundwater chemical quality: findings focusing on the nitrate problem from 2 African cities reliant on on-site sanitation. Journal of Water and Health 2007, 5(3):441-454.
17. Dzwairo B., Hoko Z., Love D., Guzha E. Assessment of the impacts of pit latrines on groundwater quality in rural areas: a case study from Marondera district, Zimbabwe. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 2006, 31(15-16):779-788.
18. Fenton O., Richards K.G., Kirwan L., Khalil M.I., Healy M.G. Factors affecting nitrate distribution in shallow groundwater under a beef farm in South Eastern Ireland. Journal of Environmental Management 2009, 90(10):3135-3146.
19. Flynn R., Taylor R., Kulabako R., Miret-Gaspa M. Haematite in lateritic soils aids groundwater disinfection. Water Air & Soil Pollution 2011, 1-12.
20. Foppen J.W.A. Impact of high-strength wastewater infiltration on groundwater quality and drinking water supply: the case of Sana'a, Yemen. Journal of Hydrology 2002, 263(1-4):198-216.
21. Franceys R., Pickford J., Reed R. A Guide to the Development of On-Site Sanitation 1992, WHO, Geneva.
22. Haruna R., Ejobi F., Kabagambe E.K. The quality of water from protected springs in Katwe and Kisenyi parishes, Kampala city, Uganda. African Health Sciences 2005, 5:14-20.
23. Hinsby K., Bjerg P.L., Andersen L.J., Skov B., Clausen E.V. A mini slug test method for determination of a local hydraulic conductivity of an unconfined sandy aquifer. Journal of Hydrology 1992, 136(1-4):87-106.
24. Howard K.W.F., Karundu J. Constraints on the exploitation of basement aquifers in East Africa - water balance implications and the role of the regolith. Journal of Hydrology 1992, 139(1-4):183-196.
25. Howard G., Pedley S., Barrett M., Nalubega M., Johal K. Risk factors contributing to microbiological contamination of shallow groundwater in Kampala, Uganda. Water Research 2003, 37(14):3421-3429.
26. Jacks G., Sefe F., Carling M., Hammar M., Letsamao P. Tentative nitrogen budget for pit latrines - eastern Botswana. Environmental Geology 1999, 38:199-203.
27. Jarvie H.P., Neal C., Withers P.J.A., Wescott C., Acornley R.A. Nutrient hydrochemistry for a groundwater-dominated catchment: the Hampshire Avon, UK. Science of the Total Environment 2005, 344(1-3):143-158.
28. Johnes P.J. Uncertainties in annual riverine phosphorus load estimation: impact of load estimation methodology, sampling frequency, baseflow index and catchment population density. Journal of Hydrology 2007, 332(1-2):241-258.
29. Jones M.J. The weathered zone aquifers of the basement-complex areas of Africa. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology 1985, 18:35-46.
30. Jönsson H., Stintzing A.R., Vinnerås B., Salomon E. Guidelines on the Use of Urine and Faeces in Crop Production 2004, The Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
31. Katukiza A.Y., Ronteltap M., Oleja A., Niwagaba C.B., Kansiime F., Lens P.N.L. Selection of sustainable sanitation technologies for urban slums - a case of Bwaise III in Kampala, Uganda. Science of the Total Environment 2010, 409(1):52-62.
32. Katukiza A.Y., Ronteltap M., Niwagaba C.B., Foppen J.W.A., Kansiime F., Lens P.N.L. Sustainable sanitation technology options for urban slums. Biotechnology Advances 2012, 30:964-978.
33. Kimani-Murage E.W., Ngindu A.M. Quality of water the slum dwellers use: the case of a Kenyan slum. Journal of Urban Health 2007, 84(6):829-838.
34. Kulabako N.R., Nalubega M., Thunvik R. Characterisation of peri-urban anthropogenic pollution in Kampala, Uganda. Proceedings of the 30th WEDC International Conference on People Centred Approaches to Water and Environmental Sanitation, 25-29th October 2004, 474-482. Lao PDR, Vientiane.
35. Kulabako N.R., Nalubega M., Thunvik R. Study of the impact of land use and hydrogeological settings on the shallow groundwater quality in a peri-urban area of Kampala, Uganda. Science of the Total Environment 2007, 381(1-3):180-199.
36. Kulabako N.R., Nalubega M., et al. Phosphorus transport in shallow groundwater in peri-urban Kampala, Uganda: results from field and laboratory measurements. Environmental Geology 2008, 53(7):1535-1551.
37. Kulabako R.N., Nalubega M., Wozei E., Thunvik R. Environmental health practices, constraints and possible interventions in peri-urban settlements in developing countries - a review of Kampala, Uganda. International Journal of Environmental Health Research 2010, 20(4):231-257.
38. Lyngkilde J., Christensen T.H. Fate of organic contaminants in the redox zones of a landfill leachate pollution plume (Vejen, Denmark). Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 1992, 10(4):291-307.
39. Mikac N., Cosovic B., Ahel M., Andreis S., Toncic Z. Assessment of groundwater contamination in the vicinity of a municipal solid waste landfill (Zagreb, Croatia). Water Science and Technology 1998, 37(8):37-44.
40. Montangero A., Belevi H. Assessing nutrient flows in septic tanks by eliciting expert judgement: a promising method in the context of developing countries. Water Research 2007, 41(5):1052-1064.
41. Montangero A., Le C.N., Nguyen V.A., Vu D.T., Pham T.N., Belevi H. Optimising water and phosphorus management in the urban environmental sanitation system of Hanoi, Vietnam. Science and the Total Environment 2007, 384(1-3):55-66.
42. Mukwaya, C., 2001. Assessment of groundwater dynamics and its vulnerability to pollution around Wobulenzi Town: an isotopic and hydrochemical study, Unpublished MSc thesis, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda.
43. Neal C., Jarvie H.P., Neal M., Love A.J., Hill L., Wickham H. Water quality of treated sewage effluent in a rural area of the upper Thames Basin, southern England, and the impacts of such effluents on riverine phosphorus concentrations. Journal of Hydrology 2005, 304(1-4):103-117.
44. Nsubuga F.B., Kansiime F., Okot-Okumu J. Pollution of protected springs in relation to high and low density settlements in Kampala - Uganda. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 2004, 29:1153-1159.
45. Nyenje P.M., Foppen J.W., Uhlenbrook S., Kulabako R., Muwanga A. Eutrophication and nutrient release in urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa - a review. Science of the Total Environment 2010, 408(3):447-455.
46. Parkhurst D.L., Appelo C.A.J. User's Guide to PHREEQC Version 2) - a Computer Program for Speciation, Batch-reaction, One-dimensional Transport, and Inverse Geochemical Calculations. U.S. Geological Survey Water-resources 1999, Investigations Report 99-4259, 312 pp.
47. Reddy K.R., Kadlec R.H., Flaig E., Gale P.M. Phosphorus retention in streams and wetlands: a review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 1999, 29(1):83-146.
48. Robertson W.D., Schiff S.L., Ptacek C.J. Review of phosphate mobility and persistence in 10 septic system plumes. Ground Water 1998, 36(6):1000-1010.
49. Schilling K.E. Occurrence and distribution of ammonium in Iowa groundwater. Water Environment Research 2002, 74(2):177-186.
50. Stuyfzand, P.J., 1993. Hydrochemistry and Hydrology of the Coastal Dune Area of the Western Netherlands. Ph.D thesis Vrije Univ, Amsterdam. KIWA(ISBN 90-74741-01-0): 366.
51. Taylor R.G., Howard K.W.F. Groundwater recharge in the Victoria Nile basin of east Africa: support for the soil moisture balance approach using stable isotope tracers and flow modelling. Journal of Hydrology 1996, 180(1-4):31-53.
52. Taylor R.G., Howard K.W.F. The influence of tectonic setting on the hydrological characteristics of deeply weathered terrains: evidence from Uganda. Journal of Hydrology 1999, 218(1-2):44-71.
53. Taylor R.G., Cronin A.A., Lerner D.N., Tellam J.H., Bottrell S.H., Rueedi J., Barrett M.H. Hydrochemical evidence of the depth of penetration of anthropogenic recharge in sandstone aquifers underlying two mature cities in the UK. Applied Geochemistry 2006, 21(9):1570-1592.
54. Taylor R.G., et al. Increased risk of diarrhoeal diseases from climate change: evidence from communities supplied by groundwater in Uganda. Groundwater and Climate in Africa, Proceedings of the Kampala Conference 2009, 334:15-19. International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) Publication.
55. Verhoeven J.T., Koerselman W., Meuleman A.F. Nitrogen- or phosphorus-limited growth in herbaceous, wet vegetation: relations with atmospheric inputs and management regimes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 1996, 11(12):494-497.
56. Webb B.W., Phillips J.M., Walling D.E., Littlewood I.G., Watts C.D., Leeks G.J.L. Load estimation methodologies for British rivers and their relevance to the LOIS RACS(R) programme. Science of the Total Environment 1997, 194:379-389.
57. WHO, UNICEF Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: 2012 Update. WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) 2012.
58. Withers P.J.A., Jarvie H.P., Stoate C. Quantifying the impact of septic tank systems on eutrophication risk in rural headwaters. Environment International 2011, 37(3):644-653.
59. Yang S.Y., Yeh H.D. A simple approach using Bouwer and Rice's method for slug test data analysis. Ground Water 2004, 42(5):781-784.
60. Zanini L., Robertson W.D., Ptacek C.J., Schiff S.L., Mayer.T. Phosphorus characterization in sediments impacted by septic effluent at four sites in central Canada. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 1998, 33:405-429.