메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 35, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 243-274

An Uneven Burden: Social Disparities in Adult Caregiving Responsibilities, Working Conditions, and Caregiver Outcomes

Author keywords

caregiving; disparity; elderly

Indexed keywords


EID: 84875671850     PISSN: 01640275     EISSN: 15527573     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0164027512446028     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (79)

References (102)
  • 1
    • 0028962870 scopus 로고
    • A population-based assessment of the impact and burden of caregiving for long-term stroke survivors
    • Anderson C. S.,Linto J.,Stewart-Wynne E. G.A population-based assessment of the impact and burden of caregiving for long-term stroke survivors.Stroke. 1995;26:843-849.
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 843-849
    • Anderson, C.S.1    Linto, J.2    Stewart-Wynne, E.G.3
  • 2
    • 0030926548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of ethnicity and culture on the caregiver stress and coping process: A sociocultural review and analysis
    • Aranda M. P.,Knight B. G.The influence of ethnicity and culture on the caregiver stress and coping process: A sociocultural review and analysis.The Gerontologist. 1997;37:342-354.
    • (1997) The Gerontologist , vol.37 , pp. 342-354
    • Aranda, M.P.1    Knight, B.G.2
  • 3
    • 85020903806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women, men, work and family: An expansionist theory
    • Barnett R. C.,Hyde J. S.Women, men, work and family: An expansionist theory.The American Psychologist. 2001;56 (10): 781-796.
    • (2001) The American Psychologist , vol.56 , Issue.10 , pp. 781-796
    • Barnett, R.C.1    Hyde, J.S.2
  • 4
    • 0023282476 scopus 로고
    • Women and gender in research on work and family stress
    • Baruch G. K.,Biener L.,Barnett R. C.Women and gender in research on work and family stress.American Psychologist. 1987;42 (2): 130-136.
    • (1987) American Psychologist , vol.42 , Issue.2 , pp. 130-136
    • Baruch, G.K.1    Biener, L.2    Barnett, R.C.3
  • 5
    • 0024743828 scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in caregiving: Why do wives report greater burden
    • Barusch A. S.,Spaid W. M.Gender differences in caregiving: Why do wives report greater burden.The Gerontologist. 1989;29:667-676.
    • (1989) The Gerontologist , vol.29 , pp. 667-676
    • Barusch, A.S.1    Spaid, W.M.2
  • 7
    • 0003640476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
    • Blau F.,Ferber M.,Winkler A.The economics of women, men and work. 2006). The economics of women, men and work (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 2006:.
    • (2006) The Economics of Women, Men and Work
    • Blau, F.1    Ferber, M.2    Winkler, A.3
  • 11
    • 46749152127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Employed women's well-being: The global and daily impact of work
    • Campione W. A.Employed women's well-being: The global and daily impact of work.Journal of Family and Economic Issues. 2006;29 (3): 346-361.
    • (2006) Journal of Family and Economic Issues , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 346-361
    • Campione, W.A.1
  • 13
    • 0023318590 scopus 로고
    • Caregivers to dementia patients: the utilization of community services
    • Caserta M. S.,Lund D. A.,Wright S. D.,Redburn D. E.Caregivers to dementia patients: the utilization of community services.The Gerontologist. 1987;27 (2): 209-214.
    • (1987) The Gerontologist , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 209-214
    • Caserta, M.S.1    Lund, D.A.2    Wright, S.D.3    Redburn, D.E.4
  • 14
    • 35948997614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and the Merck Company Foundation, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Company Foundation. Retrieved August 19, 2011, from
    • Centers for Disease Control and the Merck Company Foundation. (2007). The state of aging and health in America, 2007. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Company Foundation. Retrieved August 19, 2011, from http://www.cdc.gov/Aging/pdf/saha_2007.pdf.
    • (2007) The state of aging and health in America, 2007
  • 16
    • 49849089163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Access to and use of paid sick leave among low-income families with children
    • Clemans-Cope L.,Perry C.,Kenney G. N.,Pelletier J.,Pantell M.Access to and use of paid sick leave among low-income families with children.Pediatrics. 2008;122 (2): e480-e486.
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.122 , Issue.2
    • Clemans-Cope, L.1    Perry, C.2    Kenney, G.N.3    Pelletier, J.4    Pantell, M.5
  • 17
    • 45949107882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corporate Voices for Working Families, Boston: Work Family Directions. Retrieved August 22, 2011 from
    • Corporate Voices for Working Families. (2006). Workplace flexibility for lower-wage employees. Boston: Work Family Directions. Retrieved August 22, 2011 from http://www.cvworkingfamilies.org/system/files/lowerwageflexreviewreport.pdf.
    • (2006) Workplace flexibility for lower-wage employees
  • 18
    • 0036362272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of African American and Caucasian American female caregivers of rural, post-stroke, bedbound older adults
    • Cuellar N. G.Comparison of African American and Caucasian American female caregivers of rural, post-stroke, bedbound older adults.Journal of Gerontological Nursing. 2002;28:36-45.
    • (2002) Journal of Gerontological Nursing , vol.28 , pp. 36-45
    • Cuellar, N.G.1
  • 19
    • 84953093992 scopus 로고
    • Service utilization and minority elderly, appropriateness, accessibility and acceptability
    • Damron-Rodriguez J.,Wallace S.,Kingston R.Service utilization and minority elderly, appropriateness, accessibility and acceptability.Gerontology and Geriatrics Education. 1994;15 (1): 45-63.
    • (1994) Gerontology and Geriatrics Education , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-63
    • Damron-Rodriguez, J.1    Wallace, S.2    Kingston, R.3
  • 20
    • 84875676765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Health and Human Services
    • Department of Health and Human Services. (2001). Office the Minority Health. http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/assets/pdf/checked/finalreport.pdf.
    • (2001) Office the Minority Health
  • 21
    • 0012953171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caregivers at risk? Changes in leisure participation
    • Dunn N. J.,Strain L. A.Caregivers at risk? Changes in leisure participation.Journal of Leisure Research. 2001;33:32-55.
    • (2001) Journal of Leisure Research , vol.33 , pp. 32-55
    • Dunn, N.J.1    Strain, L.A.2
  • 25
    • 33748310871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leisure-time exercise and overall physical activity in older women caregivers and non-caregivers from the Caregiver-SOF Study
    • Fredman L.,Bertrand R. M.,Martire L. M.,Hochberg M.,Harris E. L.Leisure-time exercise and overall physical activity in older women caregivers and non-caregivers from the Caregiver-SOF Study.Preventive Medicine. 2006;43:226-229.
    • (2006) Preventive Medicine , vol.43 , pp. 226-229
    • Fredman, L.1    Bertrand, R.M.2    Martire, L.M.3    Hochberg, M.4    Harris, E.L.5
  • 26
    • 84937313283 scopus 로고
    • Immigration, the family and female caregivers in Australia
    • Gelfand D. E.,McCallum J.Immigration, the family and female caregivers in Australia.Journal of Gerontological Social Work. 1994;22 (3/4): 41-59.
    • (1994) Journal of Gerontological Social Work , vol.22 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 41-59
    • Gelfand, D.E.1    McCallum, J.2
  • 27
    • 0004108379 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • Gilligan C.In a different voice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1982:.
    • (1982) In a Different Voice
    • Gilligan, C.1
  • 29
    • 0034470524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A path model of elder caregiver burden in Indian/Paskistani families in the United States
    • Gupta R.A path model of elder caregiver burden in Indian/Paskistani families in the United States.The International Journal of Aging and Human Development. 2000;51 (4): 295-313.
    • (2000) The International Journal of Aging and Human Development , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 295-313
    • Gupta, R.1
  • 31
    • 33847295291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlates of depression in the Korean American elderly: Focusing on personal resources of social support
    • Han H. R.,Kim M. T.,Lee H. B.,Pistulka G.,Kim K. B.Correlates of depression in the Korean American elderly: Focusing on personal resources of social support.Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. 2007;22:115-127.
    • (2007) Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology , vol.22 , pp. 115-127
    • Han, H.R.1    Kim, M.T.2    Lee, H.B.3    Pistulka, G.4    Kim, K.B.5
  • 32
    • 0033630065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender issues and Japanese family-centered caregiving for frail elderly parents or parents-in-law in modern Japan: From the sociocultural and historical perspectives
    • Hashizume Y.Gender issues and Japanese family-centered caregiving for frail elderly parents or parents-in-law in modern Japan: From the sociocultural and historical perspectives.Public Health Nursing. 2000;17 (1): 25-31.
    • (2000) Public Health Nursing , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-31
    • Hashizume, Y.1
  • 36
    • 84937262806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The work family balance: What hurdles are parents leaving welfare likely to confront?
    • Heymann S. J.,Earle A.The work family balance: What hurdles are parents leaving welfare likely to confront?.Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. 1998;17 (2): 312-321.
    • (1998) Journal of Policy Analysis and Management , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 312-321
    • Heymann, S.J.1    Earle, A.2
  • 37
    • 0033066891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of welfare reform on parents' ability to care for their children's health
    • Heymann S. J.,Earle A.The impact of welfare reform on parents' ability to care for their children's health.American Journal of Public Health. 1999;89 (4): 502-505.
    • (1999) American Journal of Public Health , vol.89 , Issue.4 , pp. 502-505
    • Heymann, S.J.1    Earle, A.2
  • 38
    • 84935499015 scopus 로고
    • Factors related to the well-being and life activities of family caregivers
    • Hoyert D. L.,Seltzer M. M.Factors related to the well-being and life activities of family caregivers.Family Relations. 1992;41 (1): 74-81.
    • (1992) Family Relations , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 74-81
    • Hoyert, D.L.1    Seltzer, M.M.2
  • 39
    • 0026323880 scopus 로고
    • Ethnic populations in public mental health: Service choice and level of use
    • Hu T.,Snowden L. R.,Jerrell J. M.,Nguyen T. D.Ethnic populations in public mental health: Service choice and level of use.American Journal of Public Health. 1991;81 (11): 1429-1434.
    • (1991) American Journal of Public Health , vol.81 , Issue.11 , pp. 1429-1434
    • Hu, T.1    Snowden, L.R.2    Jerrell, J.M.3    Nguyen, T.D.4
  • 40
    • 43149092884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caregiving burden, community services, and quality of life of primary caregivers of frail elderly persons
    • Iecovich E.Caregiving burden, community services, and quality of life of primary caregivers of frail elderly persons.Journal of Applied Gerontology. 2008;27:309-330.
    • (2008) Journal of Applied Gerontology , vol.27 , pp. 309-330
    • Iecovich, E.1
  • 41
    • 0025925514 scopus 로고
    • Aging and disability in China: Cultural issues in measurement and interpretation
    • Ikels C.Aging and disability in China: Cultural issues in measurement and interpretation.Social Science & Medicine. 1991;32 (6): 649-665.
    • (1991) Social Science & Medicine , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 649-665
    • Ikels, C.1
  • 42
    • 42449151690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age Cohort, Ancestry, and Immigrant Generation Influences in Family Relations and Psychological Well-Being among Black Caribbean Family Members
    • Jackson J. S.,Forsythe-Brown I.,Govia I. O.Age Cohort, Ancestry, and Immigrant Generation Influences in Family Relations and Psychological Well-Being among Black Caribbean Family Members.Journal of Social Issues. 2007;63 (4): 243-729.
    • (2007) Journal of Social Issues , vol.63 , Issue.4 , pp. 243-729
    • Jackson, J.S.1    Forsythe-Brown, I.2    Govia, I.O.3
  • 43
    • 0030725208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress dimensions among caregivers of the elderly
    • Jamuna D.Stress dimensions among caregivers of the elderly.Indian Journal of Medical Research. 1997;106:381-388.
    • (1997) Indian Journal of Medical Research , vol.106 , pp. 381-388
    • Jamuna, D.1
  • 44
    • 0034995807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial, ethnic and cultural differences in the dementia caregiving experience: Recent findings
    • Janevic M. R.,Connell C. M.Racial, ethnic and cultural differences in the dementia caregiving experience: Recent findings.The Gerontologist. 2001;41:334-347.
    • (2001) The Gerontologist , vol.41 , pp. 334-347
    • Janevic, M.R.1    Connell, C.M.2
  • 47
    • 84937378430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross cultural issues in caregiving for persons with dementia: Do familism values reduce burden and distress?
    • Knight B. G.,Robinson G. S.,Longmire C. F.,Chunj M.,Nakao K.,Kim J. H.Cross cultural issues in caregiving for persons with dementia: Do familism values reduce burden and distress?.Ageing International. 2002;27:70-94.
    • (2002) Ageing International , vol.27 , pp. 70-94
    • Knight, B.G.1    Robinson, G.S.2    Longmire, C.F.3    Chunj, M.4    Nakao, K.5    Kim, J.H.6
  • 48
    • 73949122956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural values and care giving: The updated sociocultural stress and coping model
    • Knight B. G.,Sayegh P.Cultural values and care giving: The updated sociocultural stress and coping model.The Journals of Gerontology: Series B. 2010;65B (1): 5-13.
    • (2010) The Journals of Gerontology: Series B , vol.65 B , Issue.1 , pp. 5-13
    • Knight, B.G.1    Sayegh, P.2
  • 52
    • 0028695209 scopus 로고
    • Health care utilization, family context and adaptation among immigrants to the United States
    • LeClere F. B.,Jensen L.,Biddlecom A. E.Health care utilization, family context and adaptation among immigrants to the United States.Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 1994;35:370-384.
    • (1994) Journal of Health and Social Behavior , vol.35 , pp. 370-384
    • LeClere, F.B.1    Jensen, L.2    Biddlecom, A.E.3
  • 56
    • 0028036211 scopus 로고
    • Informal support and the use of formal services by older americans
    • Logan J. R.,Spitze G.Informal support and the use of formal services by older americans.Journal of Gerontology. 1994;49 (1): S25-S34.
    • (1994) Journal of Gerontology , vol.49 , Issue.1
    • Logan, J.R.1    Spitze, G.2
  • 57
    • 0037909612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and elder care: Social change and the role of the caregiver in Japan
    • Long S. O.,Harris P. B.Gender and elder care: Social change and the role of the caregiver in Japan.Social Science Japan Journal. 2000;3 (1): 21-36.
    • (2000) Social Science Japan Journal , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-36
    • Long, S.O.1    Harris, P.B.2
  • 60
    • 28744453803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African American, Chinese, and Latino family caregivers' impressions of the onset and diagnosis of dementia: Cross-cultural similarities and differences
    • Mahoney D. F.,Cloutterbuck J.,Neary S.,Zhan L.African American, Chinese, and Latino family caregivers' impressions of the onset and diagnosis of dementia: Cross-cultural similarities and differences.The Gerontologist. 2005;45 (6): 783-792.
    • (2005) The Gerontologist , vol.45 , Issue.6 , pp. 783-792
    • Mahoney, D.F.1    Cloutterbuck, J.2    Neary, S.3    Zhan, L.4
  • 63
    • 84875651491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Alliance for Caregiving, Available at
    • National Alliance for Caregiving. (2009). Ethnicity and caregiving of adults 50 or older. Available at http://www.caregiving.org/data/FINAL_EthnicExSum_formatted_w_toc.pdf.
    • (2009) Ethnicity and caregiving of adults 50 or older
  • 64
    • 84875653862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Alliance for Caregiving and the American Association of Retired Persons, Washington, DC: National Alliance for Caregiving. Retrieved June 14, 2011, from
    • National Alliance for Caregiving and the American Association of Retired Persons. (2009). Caregiving in the U.S., November 2009. Washington, DC: National Alliance for Caregiving. Retrieved June 14, 2011, from www.caregiving.org/data/CaregivingUSAllAgesExecSum.pdf.
    • (2009) Caregiving in the U.S., November 2009
  • 65
    • 0025053956 scopus 로고
    • Caregiving and the stress process: An overview of concepts and their measures
    • Pearlin L. I.,Mullan J. T.,Semple S. J.,Skaff M. M.Caregiving and the stress process: An overview of concepts and their measures.The Gerontologist. 1990;30:583-594.
    • (1990) The Gerontologist , vol.30 , pp. 583-594
    • Pearlin, L.I.1    Mullan, J.T.2    Semple, S.J.3    Skaff, M.M.4
  • 66
    • 0029085882 scopus 로고
    • Who cares? The size, scope and composition of the caregiver support system
    • Penrod J. D.,Kane R.,Kane R. A.,Kane R. L.,Finch M. D.Who cares? The size, scope and composition of the caregiver support system.The Gerontologist. 1995;35 (4): 489-497.
    • (1995) The Gerontologist , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 489-497
    • Penrod, J.D.1    Kane, R.2    Kane, R.A.3    Kane, R.L.4    Finch, M.D.5
  • 68
    • 51849166166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social relationships among family caregivers: A cross-cultural comparison between Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic White caregivers
    • Phillips L. R.,Crist J.Social relationships among family caregivers: A cross-cultural comparison between Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic White caregivers.Journal of Transcultural Nursing. 2008;19 (4): 326-337.
    • (2008) Journal of Transcultural Nursing , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 326-337
    • Phillips, L.R.1    Crist, J.2
  • 69
    • 0034150668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural values and intergenerational value discrepancies in immigrant and non-immigrant families
    • Phinney J. S.,Ong A.,Madden T.Cultural values and intergenerational value discrepancies in immigrant and non-immigrant families.Child Development. 2000;71:528-539.
    • (2000) Child Development , vol.71 , pp. 528-539
    • Phinney, J.S.1    Ong, A.2    Madden, T.3
  • 70
  • 71
    • 33748639259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making choices: A within-family study of caregiver selection
    • Pillemer K.,Suitor J. J.Making choices: A within-family study of caregiver selection.The Gerontologist. 2006;46 (4): 439-448.
    • (2006) The Gerontologist , vol.46 , Issue.4 , pp. 439-448
    • Pillemer, K.1    Suitor, J.J.2
  • 72
    • 13644261264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in stressors, resources, and psychological outcomes of family caregiving: A meta-analysis
    • Pinquart M.,Sörensen S.Ethnic differences in stressors, resources, and psychological outcomes of family caregiving: A meta-analysis.The Gerontologist. 2005;45 (1): 90-106.
    • (2005) The Gerontologist , vol.45 , Issue.1 , pp. 90-106
    • Pinquart, M.1    Sörensen, S.2
  • 73
    • 30344445926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in caregivers' stressors, social resources, and health: An updated meta-analysis
    • Pinquart M.,Sörensen S.Gender differences in caregivers' stressors, social resources, and health: An updated meta-analysis.Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences. 2006;61B:P33-P45.
    • (2006) Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences , vol.61 B
    • Pinquart, M.1    Sörensen, S.2
  • 74
    • 84891346060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press
    • Portes A.,Rumbaut R. G.Immigrant America: A portrait. 1996). Immigrant America: A portrait (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press.Berkeley: University of California Press; 1996:.
    • (1996) Immigrant America: A Portrait
    • Portes, A.1    Rumbaut, R.G.2
  • 75
    • 0034034566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appraisals of strain and gain: Effects on psychological well-being of caregivers of dementia patients
    • Rapp S. R.,Chao D.Appraisals of strain and gain: Effects on psychological well-being of caregivers of dementia patients.Aging & Mental Health. 2000;4:142-147.
    • (2000) Aging & Mental Health , vol.4 , pp. 142-147
    • Rapp, S.R.1    Chao, D.2
  • 77
    • 38649096617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and gender differences in perceived caregiver availability for community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults
    • Roth D. L.,Haley W. E.,Wadley V. G.,Clay O. J.,Howard G.Race and gender differences in perceived caregiver availability for community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults.The Gerontologist. 2007;47 (6): 721-729.
    • (2007) The Gerontologist , vol.47 , Issue.6 , pp. 721-729
    • Roth, D.L.1    Haley, W.E.2    Wadley, V.G.3    Clay, O.J.4    Howard, G.5
  • 78
    • 10944228602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ages, life stages, and generational cohorts: Decomposing the immigrant first and second generations in the United States
    • Rumbaut R. G.Ages, life stages, and generational cohorts: Decomposing the immigrant first and second generations in the United States.International Migration Review. 2004;38 (3): 1150-1205.
    • (2004) International Migration Review , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 1150-1205
    • Rumbaut, R.G.1
  • 79
    • 0036789663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invisible in aging research: Arab Americans, Middle Eastern immigrants, and Muslims in the United States
    • Salari S.Invisible in aging research: Arab Americans, Middle Eastern immigrants, and Muslims in the United States.The Gerontologist. 2002;42:580-588.
    • (2002) The Gerontologist , vol.42 , pp. 580-588
    • Salari, S.1
  • 81
    • 33747190573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural attitudes and caregiver service use: Lessons from focus groups with racially and ethnically diverse family caregivers
    • Scharlach A. E.,Kellam R.,Ong N.,Baskin A.,Goldstein C.,Fox P. J.Cultural attitudes and caregiver service use: Lessons from focus groups with racially and ethnically diverse family caregivers.Journal of Gerontological Social Work. 2006;47:143-156.
    • (2006) Journal of Gerontological Social Work , vol.47 , pp. 143-156
    • Scharlach, A.E.1    Kellam, R.2    Ong, N.3    Baskin, A.4    Goldstein, C.5    Fox, P.J.6
  • 83
    • 0033660641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential and active family caregivers: Changing networks and the Sandwich Generation
    • Spillman B. C.,Pezzin L. E.Potential and active family caregivers: Changing networks and the "Sandwich Generation.".Milkbank Quarterly. 2000;78 (3): 347-374.
    • (2000) Milkbank Quarterly , vol.78 , Issue.3 , pp. 347-374
    • Spillman, B.C.1    Pezzin, L.E.2
  • 84
    • 0033475310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age at immigration and second language proficiency among foreign-born adults
    • Stevens G.Age at immigration and second language proficiency among foreign-born adults.Language in Society. 1999;28 (4): 555-578.
    • (1999) Language in Society , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 555-578
    • Stevens, G.1
  • 85
    • 0040832676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The stress of caring for a parent: Effects of the elder's impairment on an employed, adult child
    • Starrels M. E.,Ingersoll-Dayton B.,Dowler D. W.,Neal M. B.The stress of caring for a parent: Effects of the elder's impairment on an employed, adult child.Journal of Marriage and the Family. 1997;59 (4): 860-872.
    • (1997) Journal of Marriage and the Family , vol.59 , Issue.4 , pp. 860-872
    • Starrels, M.E.1    Ingersoll-Dayton, B.2    Dowler, D.W.3    Neal, M.B.4
  • 86
    • 0021085067 scopus 로고
    • Health service utilization by Indochinese refugees
    • Strand P. J.,Jones W. J.Health service utilization by Indochinese refugees.Medical Care. 1983;21 (11): 1089-1097.
    • (1983) Medical Care , vol.21 , Issue.11 , pp. 1089-1097
    • Strand, P.J.1    Jones, W.J.2
  • 87
    • 26944461155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A question of justice: Disparities in employees' access to flexible work arrangements
    • Swanberg J.,Pitt-Catsouphes M.,Burke-Drescher K.A question of justice: Disparities in employees' access to flexible work arrangements.Journal of Family Issues. 2005;26:866-895.
    • (2005) Journal of Family Issues , vol.26 , pp. 866-895
    • Swanberg, J.1    Pitt-Catsouphes, M.2    Burke-Drescher, K.3
  • 88
    • 0346550694 scopus 로고
    • Montiel M., ed., Washington, DC: Coalition of Spanish Speaking Mental Health Organizations
    • Szapocznik J.,Truss C.Hispanic families. Montiel M., ed. Washington, DC: Coalition of Spanish Speaking Mental Health Organizations; 1978:41-65.
    • (1978) Hispanic Families , pp. 41-65
    • Szapocznik, J.1    Truss, C.2
  • 89
    • 1642293480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinkeeping and Caregiving: Contributions of Older People in Immigrant Families
    • Treas J.,Mazumdar S.Kinkeeping and Caregiving: Contributions of Older People in Immigrant Families.Journal of Comprative Family Studies. 2004;35:105-122.
    • (2004) Journal of Comprative Family Studies , vol.35 , pp. 105-122
    • Treas, J.1    Mazumdar, S.2
  • 91
    • 79951858445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division
    • Population Ageing and Development 2009. New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; 2010:.
    • (2010) Population Ageing and Development 2009
  • 92
    • 84875641099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Retrieved August 20, 2011, from
    • U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2005). Contingent and non-standard work arrangements, 2005. Retrieved August 20, 2011, from http://www.bls.gov/cps.
    • (2005) Contingent and non-standard work arrangements, 2005
  • 93
    • 29144502644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, (2009edition). Retrieved August 20, 2011, from
    • U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2009). Women in the labor force: A databook (2009edition). Retrieved August 20, 2011, from http://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-intro-2009.htm.
    • (2009) Women in the labor force: A databook
  • 94
    • 0003566987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Census Bureau, (based on Census 2000) (summary tables). Retrieved February 11, 2012, from
    • U.S. Census Bureau. (2008). National population projections, released 2008 (based on Census 2000) (summary tables). Retrieved February 11, 2012, from http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/summarytables.html.
    • (2008) National population projections, released 2008
  • 96
    • 14544289656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in amount of informal care received by non-Hispanic Whites and Latinos in a nationally representative sample of older Americans
    • Weiss C. O.,Gonzalez H. M.,Kabeto M. U.,Langa K. M.Differences in amount of informal care received by non-Hispanic Whites and Latinos in a nationally representative sample of older Americans.Journal of the American Geriatric Society. 2005;53:146-151.
    • (2005) Journal of the American Geriatric Society , vol.53 , pp. 146-151
    • Weiss, C.O.1    Gonzalez, H.M.2    Kabeto, M.U.3    Langa, K.M.4
  • 97
    • 0027090341 scopus 로고
    • Health status and health care utilization among New York City home attendants: An illustration of the needs of working poor, immigrant women
    • Weitzman B. C.,Berry C. A.Health status and health care utilization among New York City home attendants: An illustration of the needs of working poor, immigrant women.Women and Health. 1992;2 (2/3): 87-105.
    • (1992) Women and Health , vol.2 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 87-105
    • Weitzman, B.C.1    Berry, C.A.2
  • 98
    • 0034544914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparisons of African American and White women in the parent care role
    • White T. M.,Townsend A. L.,Stephens M. A. P.Comparisons of African American and White women in the parent care role.The Gerontologist. 2000;40:718-728.
    • (2000) The Gerontologist , vol.40 , pp. 718-728
    • White, T.M.1    Townsend, A.L.2    Stephens, M.A.P.3
  • 99
    • 0001941648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, ethnicity, and aging
    • In BinstockR. H.GeorgeL. K. (Eds.), (4th ed.). San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Williams D. R.,Wilson C. M.Handbook of aging and the social sciences. 2001). Race, ethnicity, and aging. In BinstockR. H.GeorgeL. K. (Eds.), Handbook of aging and the social sciences (4th ed., pp. 160-178). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Binstock R. H.George L. K., ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2001:160-178.
    • (2001) Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences , pp. 160-178
    • Williams, D.R.1    Wilson, C.M.2
  • 101
    • 33744492311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caregivers of frail elders: Updating a national profile
    • Wolff J.,Kasper J. D.Caregivers of frail elders: Updating a national profile.The Gerontologist. 2006;46 (3): 344-356.
    • (2006) The Gerontologist , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 344-356
    • Wolff, J.1    Kasper, J.D.2
  • 102
    • 0034024061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in psychiatric morbidity among family caregivers: A review and analysis
    • Yee J. L.,Schulz R.Gender differences in psychiatric morbidity among family caregivers: A review and analysis.The Gerontologist. 2000;40:147-164.
    • (2000) The Gerontologist , vol.40 , pp. 147-164
    • Yee, J.L.1    Schulz, R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.