Life-cycle and freshwater withdrawal impact assessment of water supply technologies

Water Research

Volumn 47, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 2363-2374

  Godskesen, B ^a,b   Hauschild, M ^a   Rygaard, M ^a   Zambrano, K ^b   Albrechtsen, H J ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

^b HOFOR   (Denmark)

Author keywords

CF; Desalination; EU WFD; EWR; Freshwater withdrawal impact; FWI; Groundwater abstraction; HOFOR; LCA; Life cycle assessment; Rain stormwater harvesting; Water hardness; WR; WSI; WTA; WU; WWTP

Indexed keywords

CALIFORNIUM; CATCHMENTS; DESALINATION; ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS; FLOW OF WATER; GROUNDWATER; HARDNESS; HARVESTING; LIFE CYCLE; POPULATION STATISTICS; RAIN; RUNOFF; SEAWATER; STORMS; WATER CONSERVATION; WATER HARDNESS; WATER SUPPLY;

FRESHWATER WITHDRAWAL IMPACT; GROUNDWATER ABSTRACTION; HOFOR; LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA); STORMWATER HARVESTING; WWTP;

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT;

FRESH WATER; GROUND WATER; RAIN; SEA WATER; STORM WATER;

CATCHMENT; DESALINATION; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; EUROPEAN UNION; FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENT; HARDNESS; IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS; LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS; POPULATION DENSITY; STORMWATER; WATER RESOURCE; WATER SUPPLY; WATER TECHNOLOGY;

ARTICLE; CATCHMENT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DENMARK; DESALINATION; ELECTRICITY; FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENT; HARVESTING; LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT; METHODOLOGY; POPULATION DENSITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STANDARD; WATER FLOW; WATER SUPPLY;

COPENHAGEN [(CTY) HOVEDSTADEN]; DENMARK; HOVEDSTADEN;

EID: 84875644289     PISSN: 00431354     EISSN: 18792448     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.02.005     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Boulay A., Bulle C., Bayart J., Deschênes L., Margni M. Regional characterization of freshwater use in LCA: modeling direct impacts on human health. Environmental Science and Technology 2011, 45(20):8948-8957.
2. Danish Geological Survey The Jupiter Database 2012, http://www.geus.dk/jupiter/index-dk.htm.
3. Danish Ministry of Climate, Energy and Building Energy Agreement 2012, http://www.kemin.dk/en-US/Climate_and_energy_policy/Denmark/energy_agree ments/Sider/Forside.aspx.
4. Danish Nature Agency Vandplan 2010-2015 2011, Isefjord og Roskilde Fjord. Hovedopland 2.2. Vanddistrikt Sjælland.
5. Danva Udviklingen i spildevandsselskabernes energiforbrug 2005-2009 2010, Danva, Dansk vand- og spildevandsforening.
6. Energinet.dk Energi 2050. Udviklingsspor for energisystemet 2010, http://www.energinet.dk.
7. European Environment Agency Towards Efficient Use of Water Resources in Europe 2012, ISSN 1725-9177, Copenhagen, Denmark.
8. European Environment Agency Water Stress in Europe, 2000 and 2030 2007, http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/water-stress-in-europe-20 00-and-2030.
9. European Union The Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 Establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Water Policy) 2000.
10. Gleick P.H. The World's Water 2008-2009/The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources 2009, Island Press, Washington, DC.
11. Gleick P.H. The World's Water 2000-2001/The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources 2000, Island Press, Washington, DC.
12. Godskesen B., Hauschild M.Z., Rygaard M., Zambrano K.C., Albrechtsen H.J. Life cycle assessment of central softening of very hard drinking water. Journal of Environmental Management 2012, 105:83-89.
13. Godskesen B., Zambrano K.C., Trautner A., Johansen N.B., Godskesen B., Rygaard M., Albrechtsen H.J., Johansen N.B., Thiesson L., Andersen L., Clauson-Kaas J., Neidel T.L., Andersen L., Clauson-Kaas J., Neidel T.L., Kløverpris N.H. Life cycle assessment of three water systems in Copenhagen-a management tool of the future. Water Science and Technology 2011, 63(3):565-572.
14. Hauschild M.Z., Potting J. Spatial Differentiation in Life Cycle Impact Assessment - the EDIP-2003 Methodology. Guidelines from the Danish EPA 2005, Copenhagen, Denmark.
15. Hoekstra A.Y., Chapagain A.K., Aldaya M.M., Mekonnen M.M. The Water Footprint Assessment Manual: Setting the Global Standard 2011, Earthscan.
16. ISO Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment - Requirements and Guidelines - ISO 14044, ISO 14044:2006 2006, European Committee for Standards, rue de Stassart, 36, B-1050 Brussels.
17. Jensen M.B. Basisrapport: Dobbeltporøs filtrering. Pilotafprøvning - Rensning af vejvand i Ørestad. Hændelse 1-25, januar - juli 2007 2009, KU Life, Denmark.
18. Kounina A., Margni M., Bayart J., Boulay A., Berger M., Bulle C., Frischknecht R., Koehler A., Milà-i-Canals L., Motoshita M., Nuñez M., Peters G., Pfister S., Ridoutt B., van Zelm R., Verones F., Humbert S. Review of methods addressing freshwater use in life cycle inventory and impact assessment. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 2012, 10.1007/s11367-012-0519-3.
19. Lévová T., Hauschild M.Z. Assessing the impacts of industrial water use in life cycle assessment. CIRP Annals 2011, 60(1):29-32.
20. Lundie S., Peters G.M., Beavis P.C. Life cycle assessment for sustainable metropolitan water systems planning. Environmental Science and Technology 2004, 38(13):3465-3473.
21. Lyons E., Zhang P., Benn T., Sharif F., Costanza M., Li K., Crittenden J., Chen Y.S. Life cycle assessment of three water supply systems: importation, reclamation and desalination. Water Science and Technology Water Supply 2009, 9(4):439-448.
22. Milà-i-Canals L., Chapagain A., Orr S., Chenoweth J., Anton A., Clift R. Assessing freshwater use impacts in LCA, part 2: case study of broccoli production in the UK and Spain. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 2010, 15(6):598-607.
23. Milà-i-Canals L., Chenoweth J., Chapagain A., Orr S., Antãn A., Clift R. Assessing freshwater use impacts in LCA: part 1: inventory modelling and characterisation factors for the main impact pathways. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 2009, 14(1):28-42.
24. Muñoz I., Mila-i-Canals L., Fernández-Alba A.R. Life cycle assessment of water supply plans in Mediterranean Spain: the Ebro river transfer versus the AGUA Programme. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2010, 14(6):902-918.
25. Pfister S., Koehler A., Hellweg S. Assessing the environmental impacts of freshwater consumption in LCA. Environmental Science and Technology 2009, 43(11):4098-4104.
26. Rygaard, M., 2010. Desalinated Water in Urban Water Supplies - a Systems Approach to Identify Optimal Drinking Water Composition. PhD thesis, Technical University of Denmark (DTU Env).
27. Schulz M., Short M.D., Peters G.M. A streamlined sustainability assessment tool for improved decision making in the urban water industry. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 2012, 8(1):183-193.
28. Sharma A.K., Grant A.L., Grant T., Pamminger F., Opray L. Environmental and economic assessment of urban water services for a greenfield development. Environmental Engineering Science 2009, 26(5):921-934.
29. Smakhtin V., Revenga C., Doll P. A pilot global assessment of environmental water requirements and scarcity. Water International 2004, 29(3):307-317.
30. Statistics Denmark Population Statistics 2012, http://www.danmarksstatistik.dk/da/Statistik/emner/befolkning-og-befolkn ingsfremskrivning/folketal.aspx.
31. Stranddorf H.K., Hoffmann L., Schmidt A. Update on Impact Categories, Normalisation and Weighting in LCA. Guidelines from the Danish EPA 2005, Copenhagen, Denmark.
32. US Geological Survey Water Hardness and Alkalinity 2012, http://water.usgs.gov/owq/hardness-alkalinity.html.
33. Vince F., Aoustin E., Bréant P., Marechal F. LCA tool for the environmental evaluation of potable water production. Desalination 2008, 220(1-3):37-56.
34. Wenzel H., Hauschild M.Z., Alting L. Environmental Assessment of Products - 1: Methodology, Tools and Case Studies in Product Development 1997, Kluwer Academic Publishers/Chapman & Hall, Hingham, MA. USA/United Kingdom.
35. Zelm R.V., Schipper A.M., Rombouts M., Snepvangers J., Huijbregts M.A.J. Implementing groundwater extraction in life cycle impact assessment: characterization factors based on plant species richness for the Netherlands. Environmental Science and Technology 2010, 45(2):629-635.