Different pools of black carbon in sediments from the Gulf of Cádiz (SW Spain): Method comparison and spatial distribution

Marine Chemistry

Volumn 151, Issue , 2013, Pages 13-22

  Sánchez García, Laura ^a,b   de Andrés, José R ^b   Gélinas, Yves ^c   Schmidt, Michael W I ^d   Louchouarn, Patrick ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZARAGOZA   (Spain)

^b INSTITUTO GEOLÓGICO Y MINERO DE ESPAÑA   (Spain)

^c Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^e TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Benzene polycarboxylic acids; Black carbon; Continental shelf; Graphitic carbon; Gulf of Cadiz; Regional BC budgets; Sediment burial flux; Soot

Indexed keywords

BLACK CARBON; BURIAL (GEOLOGY); CARBON SINK; CHARCOAL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTINENTAL SHELF; GRAPHITE; MARINE SEDIMENT; SEDIMENT POLLUTION; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; GULF OF CADIZ;

EID: 84875600627     PISSN: 03044203     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2013.02.006     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Borrego J., Morales J.A., de la Torre M.L., Grande J.A. Geochemical characteristic of heavy metal pollution in surface sediments of the Tinto and Odiel river estuary (southwestern Spain). Environ. Geol. 2002, 41:785-796.
2. Boudreau B.P. The diffusive tortuosity of fine-grained unlithified sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1996, 60:3139-3142.
3. Brandes J.A., Cody G.D., Rumble D., Haberstroh P., Wirick S., Gélinas Y. Carbon K-edges XANES spectroscopy of natural graphite. Carbon 2008, 46:1424-1434.
4. Brodowski S., Amelung W., Haumaier L., Abetz C., Zech W. Morphological and chemical properties of black carbon in physical soil fractions as revealed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Geoderma 2005, 128:116-129.
5. Brodowski S., Rodionov A., Haumaier L., Glaser B., Amelung W. Revised black carbon assessment using benzene polycarboxylic acids. Org. Geochem. 2005, 36:1299-1310.
6. Cornelissen G., Gustafsson Ö., Bucheli T.D., Jonker M.T.O., Koelmans A.A., Van Noort P.C.M. Critical review: extensive sorption of organic compounds to black carbon, coal and kerogen in sediments and soils: mechanisms and consequences for distribution, bioaccumulation and biodegradation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39:6881-6895.
7. De la Rosa J.M., Sánchez-García L., de Andrés J.R., González-Vila F.J., Knicker H. Contribution of Black Carbon in recent sediments of the Gulf of Cádiz. Applicability of different quantification methodologies. Quat. Int. 2011, 243:264-272.
8. Dickens A.F., Gélinas Y., Masiello C.A., Wakeham S., Hedges J.I. Reburial of fossil organic carbon in marine sediments. Nature 2004, 427:33-339.
9. Dickens A.F., Gélinas Y., Hedges J.I. Physical separation of combustion and rock sources of graphitic black carbon in sediments. Mar. Chem. 2004, 92:215-223.
10. 13C NMR analysis of size and density fractions of marine sediments: Insight into organic carbon sources and preservation mechanisms. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2006, 70:666-686.
11. Dittmar T. The molecular-level determination of black carbon in marine dissolved organic matter. Org. Geochem. 2008, 39:396-407.
12. Dittmar T., Paeng J., Gihring T.M., Suryaputra I.G.N.A., Huettel M. Discharge of dissolved black carbon from a fire-affected intertidal system. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2012, 47:1171-1181.
13. Elbaz-Poulichet F., Morley N.H., Cruzado A., Velásquez Z., Achterberg E.P., Braungardt C.B. Tracemetal and nutrient distribution in an extremely low pH (2.5) river-estuarine system, the Ría of Huelva (south-west Spain). Sci. Total. Environ. 1999, 227:73-83.
14. Elmquist M., Gustafsson Ö., Andersson P. Quantification of sedimentary black carbon using the chemothermal oxidation method: an evaluation of ex situ pretreatments and standard additions approaches. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 2004, 2:417-427.
15. Elmquist M., Zencak Z., Gustafsson Ö. A 700year sediment record of black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons near the EMEP air monitoring station in Aspvreten, Sweden. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41:6926-6932.
16. Elmquist M., Semiletov I., Guo L.D., Gustafsson Ö. Pan-Arctic patterns in black carbon sources and fluvial discharges deduced from radiocarbon and PAH source apportionment markers in estuarine surface sediments. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2008, 22:GB2018. 10.1029/8692007GB002994.
17. Emerson S., Hedges J.I. Processes controlling the organic carbon content of open ocean sediments. Paleoceanography 1988, 3:621-634.
18. European Commission http://www.energy.eu/country_overview.
19. Flores-Cervantes D.X., Plata D.L., MacFarlane J.K., Reddy C.M., Gschwend P.M. Black carbon in marine particulate organic carbon: inputs and cycling of highly recalcitrant organic carbon in the Gulf of Maine. Mar. Chem. 2009, 113:172-181.
20. Forbes M.S., Raison R.J., Skjemstad J.O. Formation, transformation and transport of black carbon (charcoal) in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Sci. Total. Environ. 2006, 370:190-206.
21. Gélinas Y., Prentice K.M., Baldock J.A., Hedges J.I. An improved thermal oxidation method for the quantification of soot/graphitic black carbon in sediments and soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35:3519-3525.
22. Glaser B., Amelung W. Pyrogenic carbon in native grassland soils along a climosequence in North America. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2003, 17. 10.1029/2002GB002019.
23. Glaser B., Haumaier L., Guggenberger G., Zech W. Black carbon in soils: the use of benzenecarboxylic acids as specific markers. Org. Geochem. 1998, 29:811-819.
24. Goldberg E.D. Black Carbon in the Environment 1985, John Wiley, New York.
25. González R., Dias J.M.A., Lobo F., Mendes I. Sedimentological and paleoenvironmental characterization of transgressive sediments on the Guadiana Shelf (Northern Gulf of Cádiz, SW Iberia). Quat. Int. 2004, 120:133-144.
26. Grande J.A., Borrego J., Morales J.A. A study of heavy metal pollution in the Tinto-Odiel estuary in southwestern Spain using factor analysis. Environ. Geol. 2000, 39:1095-1101.
27. Gustafsson Ö., Gschwend P.M. Soot as a strong partition medium for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Molecular Markers in the Environmental Geochemistry 1997, 365-381. Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, D.C. R.P. Eganhouse (Ed.).
28. Gustafsson Ö., Gschwend P.M. The flux of black carbon to surface sediments on the New England continental shelf. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1998, 62:465-472.
29. Gustafsson Ö., Bucheli T.D., Kukulska Z., Andersson M., Largeau C., Rouzaud J.-N., et al. Evaluation of a protocol for the quantification of black carbon in sediments. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2001, 15:881-890.
30. Hammes K., Schmidt M.W.I., Smernik R.J., Currie L.A., Ball W.P., Nguyen T.H., et al. Comparative analyses of black carbon reference materials from soil, water, sediment and atmosphere and environmental implications. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2007, 21:GB3016. 10.1029/2006GB002914.
31. Hammes K., Torn M.S., Lapenas A.G., Schmidt M.W.I. Centennial black carbon turnover observed in a Russian steppe soil. Biogeosciences 2008, 5:1339-1350.
32. Harvey O.R., Kuo L.-J., Zimmerman A.R., Louchouarn P., Amonette J.E., Herbert B.E. An index-based approach to assessing recalcitrance and soil carbon sequestration potential of engineered black carbons (biochars). Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46:1415-1421.
33. Harvey O.R., Herbert B.E., Kuo L.-J., Louchouarn P. Two-dimensional perturbation-based correlation infrared spectroscopy (2D-PCIS) reveals mechanisms by which biochars develop surface charge and resistance to environmental degradation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46(19):10641-10650.
34. Hayatsu R., Scott R.G., Winans R.E. Oxidation of coal. Oxidation in Organic Chemistry, Part D 1982, 279-354. Academic Press, New York. W.S. Trahanovsky (Ed.).
35. Hedges J.I., Eglinton G., Hatcher P.G., Kirchman D.L., Arnosti C., Derenne S., et al. The molecularly-uncharacterized component of nonliving organic matter in natural environments. Org. Geochem. 2000, 31:945-958.
36. Hockaday W.C., Grannas A.G., Kim S., Hatcher P.G. Direct molecular evidence for the degradation and mobility of black carbon in soils from ultrahigh-resolution mass spectral analysis of dissolved organic matter from a fire-impacted forest soil. Org. Geochem. 2006, 37:501-510.
37. Hunsinger G.B., Mitra S., Warrick J.A., Alexander C.R. Oceanic loading of wildfire-derived organic compounds from a small mountainous river. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113. 10.1029/2007JG000476.
38. Hwang J.S., Druffel E.R.M. Lipid-like material as the source of the uncharacterized organic carbon in the ocean?. Science 2003, 299:881-884.
39. Instituto Geográfico Nacional (Spanish Ministry of Public Works) Maps of climate and environmental risks Available from:. http://www.ign.es/espmap/mambiente_bach.htm.
40. Instituto Nacional de Estadística de España Climatology Available from:. http://www.ine.es.
41. IPCC Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
42. Iversen N., Jørgensen B.B. Diffusion coefficients of sulfate and methane in marine sediments: influence of porosity. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1993, 57:571-578.
43. Jönsson A., Gustafsson Ö., Axelman J., Sundberg H. Global accounting of PCBs in the continental shelf sediments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37:245-255.
44. Knicker H., Hatcher P.G. Survival of protein in an organic-rich sediment: possible protection by encapsulation in organic matter. Naturwissenschaften 1997, 84:231-234.
45. Kuhlbusch T.A.J. Black carbon and the carbon cycle. Science 1998, 280:1903-1904.
46. Kuo L.-J., Louchouarn P., Herbert B.E. Fate of CuO-derived lignin oxidation products during plant combustion: application to the evaluation of char inputs to soil organic matter. Org. Geochem. 2008, 39:1522-1536.
47. Kuo L.-J., Herbert B.E., Louchouarn P. Can levoglucosan be used to characterize and quantify char/charcoal black carbon in environmental media?. Org. Geochem. 2008, 39:1466-1478.
48. Kuo L.-J., Louchouarn P., Herbert B.E. Influence of combustion conditions on yields of solvent-extractable anhydrosugars and lignin phenols in chars: implications for characterizations of biomass combustion residues. Chemosphere 2011, 85:797-805.
49. Leblanc M., Morales J.M., Borrego J., Elbaz-Poulichert F. 4,500-Years-old mining pollution in southwestern Spain: long-term implications for modern mining pollution. Econ. Geol. 2000, 95:655-662.
50. Lim B., Cachier H. Determination of black carbon by chemical oxidation and thermal treatment in recent marine and lake sediments and Cretaceous-Tertiary clays. Chem. Geol. 1996, 131:143-154.
51. Lohmann R., Bollinger K., Cantwell M., Feichter J., Fischer-Bruns I., Zabel M. Fluxes of soot black carbon to South Atlantic sediments. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2009, 23:GB1015. 10.1029/2008GB003253.
52. Louchouarn P., Chillrud S., Houel S., Yan B., Chaky D., Rumpel C., et al. Elemental and isotopic evidence of soot- and char-derived black carbon inputs to New York City's atmosphere during the 20th Century. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41:82-87.
53. Masiello C.A. New directions in black carbon organic geochemistry. Mar. Chem. 2004, 92:201-213.
54. Masiello C.A., Druffel E.R.M. Black carbon in deep-sea sediments. Science 1998, 280:1911-1913.
55. 14C through the Santa Monica Basin oxic-anoxic transition. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, 30:4. 10.1029/2002GL015050.
56. Middelburg J.J., Soetaert K., Herman P.M.J. Empirical relationships for use in global diagenetic models. Deep Sea Res. I 1997, 44:327-344.
57. Middelburg J.J., Nieuwenhuize J., vanBruegel P. Black carbon in marine sediments. Mar. Chem. 1999, 65:245-252.
58. Morales, J.A., 1995. Sedimentology of the Guadiana Estuary (S.W. Spain-Portugal). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Sevilla, Sevilla. Serv. Publ. Univ. Huelva. 274 pp.
59. Morales J.A. Evolution and facies architecture of the mesotidal Guadiana River delta (S.W. Spain-Portugal). Mar. Geol. 1997, 138:127-148.
60. Norwood M., Louchouarn P., Kuo L.-J., Harvey O.R. Characterization and biodegradation of water-soluble organic matter extracted form low-temperature charcoals. Org. Geochem. 2013, 56:111-119.
61. Persson N.J., Gustafsson Ö., Bucheli T.D., Ishaq R., Naes K., Broman D. Soot-carbon influenced distribution of PCDD/Fs in the marine environment of the Grenlandsfjords, Norway. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36:4968-4974.
62. Sánchez-García L., de Andrés J.R., Martín-Rubí J.A., Gónzalez-Vila F.J., Polvillo O. Use of lipid biomarker patterns as proxies of environmental variability in coastal sedimentary record from the Gulf of Cádiz (SW Spain). Org. Geochem. 2008, 39:958-964.
63. Sánchez-García L., de Andrés J.R., Martín-Rubí J.A., Louchouarn P. Diagenetic state and source characterization of marine sediments from the inner continental shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz (SW Spain), constrained by terrigenous biomarkers. Org. Geochem. 2009, 40:184-194.
64. Sánchez-García L., Cato I., Gustafsson Ö. A large-scale evaluation of the black carbon influence on the PAH distribution in recent sediments from the Swedish continental shelf. Mar. Chem. 2010, 119:44-51.
65. Sánchez-García L., de Andrés J.R., Martín-Rubí J.A. Geochemical signature in off-shore sediments from the Gulf of Cádiz inner shelf. Provenance and spatial variability. J. Mar. Sci. 2010, 80:191-202.
66. Schneider, M.P.W., Smittenberg, R.H., Dittmar, T., Schmidt, M.W.I., 2011. Comparison of gas and liquid chromatography for the determination of benzenepolycarboxylic acids as molecular tracers of black carbon. Org. Geochem. 42, 275-282.
67. Sánchez-García, Cato I., Gustafsson Ö. The sequestration sink of black carbon in the Northern European Shelf sediments. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2012, 26:GB1001. (12 pp.)
68. Seiler W., Crutzen P.J. Estimates of gross and net fluxes of carbon between the biosphere and the atmosphere from biomass burning. Clim. Chang. 1980, 2:207-247.
69. Stubbins A., Niggemann J., Dittmar T. Photo-lability of deep ocean dissolved black carbon. Biogeosciences 2012, 9:1661-1670.
70. Suman D.O. Charcoal production from agricultural burning in central Panama and its deposition in the sediments of the Gulf of Panama. Environ. Conserv. 1986, 13:51-60.
71. Suman D.O., Kuhlbusch T.A.J., Lim B. Marine sediments: a reservoir for black carbon and their use as spatial and temporal records of combustion. NATO ASI Series I: Global Environmental Change 1997, 271-293. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. J.S. Clark (Ed.).
72. Veilleux M.-H., Dickens A., Brandes J., Gélinas Y. Density separation of combustion-derived soot and petrogenic graphitic black carbon: quantification and isotopic characterization. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 2009, 5. 10.1088/1755-1307/5/1/012010.
73. Verardo D.J., Ruddiman W.F. Late Pleistocene charcoal in tropical Atlantic deep-sea sediments: climatic and geochemical significance. Geology 1996, 24:855-857.
74. Wolf M., Lehndorff E., Wiesenberg G.L.B., Stockhausen M., Schwark L., Amelung W. Towards reconstruction of past fire regimes from geochemical analysis of charcoal. Org. Geochem 2012, 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.11.002.
75. Zamora R., Molina-Martínez J.R., Herrera M.A., Rodríguez Silva F. A model for wildfire prevention planning in game resources. Ecol. Model. 2010, 221:19-26.
76. Zimmermann M., Bird M.I., Wurster C., Saiz G., Goodrick I., Barta J., Capek P., Santruckova H., Smernik R. Rapid degradation of pyrogenic carbon. Global Chang. Biol. 2012, 18:3306-3316.
77. Ziolkowski, L.A., 2009. Radiocarbon of black carbon in marine dissolved organic carbon, Ph.D. thesis, Earth Syst. Sci., Univ. of Calif., Irvine.
78. Ziolkowski L.A., Druffel E.R.M. The feasibility of isolation and detection of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes using the benzene polycarboxylic acid method. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2009, 59:213-218.
79. Ziolkowski L.A., Druffel E.R.M. Aged black carbon identified in marine dissolved organic carbon. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2010, 37:L16601. 10.1029/2010GL043963.
80. Ziolkowski, L.A., Druffel, E.R.M., 2009. The feasibility of isolation and detection of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes using the benzene polycarboxylic acid method. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 59, 213-218.
81. Ziolkowski L.A., Druffel E.R.M. Aged black carbon identified in marine dissolved organic carbon. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2010, 37:L16601. 10.1029/2010GL043963.
82. Ziolkowski L.A., Chamberlin A.R., Greaves J., Druffel E.R.M. Quantification of black carbon in marine systems using the benzene polycarboxylic acid method: a mechanistic and yield study. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 2011, 9:140-149.