Problem Solving in Musculoskeletal Imaging

Problem Solving in Musculoskeletal Imaging

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 1-775

  Morrison, William B ^a   Sanders, Timothy G ^b,c  

^a THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b National Musculoskeletal Imaging   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84875515846     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (160)

1. Aliabadi P, Baker ND, Jaramillo D Hip arthrography, aspiration, block, and bursography. Radiol Clin North Am 1998, 36:673-690.
2. Bergin D, Schweitzer ME Indirect magnetic resonance arthrography. Skeletal Radiol 2003, 32(10):551-558.
3. Brandser EA, El-Khoury GY, FitzRandolf RL Modified technique for fluid aspiration from the hip in patients with prosthetic hips. Radiology 1997, 204:580-582.
4. Brenner ML, Morrison WB, Carrino JA, et al. Direct MR arthrography of the shoulder: is exercise prior to imaging beneficial or detrimental?. Radiology 2000, 215(2):491-496.
5. Brown RR, Clarke DW, Daffner RH Is a mixture of gadolinium and iodinated contrast material safe during MR arthrography?. Am J Roentgenol 2000, 175:1087-1090.
6. Chung CB, Dwek JR, Feng S, Resnick D MR arthrography of the glenohumeral joint: a tailored approach. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2001, 177(1):217-219.
7. Cicak N, Matasovic T, Barraktarvic T Ultrasonographic guidance of needle placement for shoulder arthrography. J Ultrasound Med 1992, 11:135-137.
8. Depelteau H, Bureau NJ, Cardinal E, et al. Arthrography of the shoulder: a simple fluoroscopically guided approach for targeting the rotator cuff interval. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004, 182:329-332.
9. Dussault RG, Kaplan PA, Anderson MW Flouroscopy-guided sacroiliac joint injection. Radiology 2000, 214:273-277.
10. Farber JM CT arthrography and postoperative musculoskeletal imaging with multichannel computed tomography. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2004, 8(2):157-166.
11. Farmer KD, Hughes PM MR arthrography of the shoulder: fluoroscopically guided technique using a posterior approach. AJR 2002, 178:433-434.
12. Freiberger RH Arthrography 1979, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
13. Haims A, Katz LD, Busconi B MR arthrography of the hip. Radiol Clin North Am 1998, 36:691-702.
14. Hendrix RW, Anderson TM Arthrographic and radiologic evaluation of prosthetic joints. Radiol Clin North Am 1981, 19:349-364.
15. Kenin A, Levine J A technique for arthrography of the hip. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 1952, 68:107-111.
16. Kilcoyne RF, Kaplan P The lateral approach for hip arthrography. Skeletal Radiol 1992, 21:239-240.
17. Kim KS, Lachman R In vitro effects of iodinated contrast media on the growth of staphylococci. Invest Radiol 1982, 17(3):305-309.
18. Kramer J, Recht MP MR arthrography of the lower extremity. Radiol Clin North Am 2002, 40(5):1121-1132.
19. Masi JN, Newitt D, Sell CA, et al. Optimization of gadodiamide concentration for MR arthrography at 3 T. Am J Roentgenol 2005, 184:1754-1761.
20. Miller TT MR arthrography of the shoulder and hip after fluoroscopic landmarking. Skeletal Radiol 2000, 29:81-84.
21. Montgomery DD, Morrison WB, Schweitzer ME, et al. Effects of iodinated contrast and field strength on gadolinium enhancement: implications for direct MR arthrography. J Magn Reson Imaging 2002, 15(3):334-343.
22. O'Connell MJ, Powell T, McCaffrey NM, et al. Symphyseal cleft injection in the diagnosis and treatment of osteitis pubis in athletes. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002, 179(4):955-959.
23. Ozonoff MB Controlled arthrography of the hip: a technique of fluoroscopic monitoring and recording. Clin Orthop 1973, 93:260-264.
24. Resnick D Shoulder arthrogrpahy. Radiol Clin North Am 1981, 19:243-253.
25. Salvati EA, Freiberger RH, Wilson PD Arthrography for complications of total hip replacement. A review of thirty-one arthrograms. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1971, 53:701-709.
26. Schneider R, Ghelman B, Kaye JJ A simplified injection technique for shoulder arthrography. Radiology 1975, 114:738-739.
27. Schwartz AM, Goldberg MJ The medial adductor approach to arthrography of the hip in children. Radiology 1979, 132:483.
28. Schweitzer ME, Natale P, Winalski CS, Culp R Indirect wrist MR arthrography: the effects of passive motion versus active exercise. Skeletal Radiol 2000, 29(1):10-14.
29. Steinbach LS, Palmer WE, Schweitzer ME Special focus session. MR arthrography. Radiographics 2002, 22(5):1223-1246.
30. Straw R, Chell J, Dhar S Adduction sign in pediatric hip arthrography. J Pediatr Orthop 2002, 22:350-351.
31. Strife JL, Towbin R, Crawford A Hip arthrography in infants and children: the inferomedial approach. Radiology 1984, 152:536.
32. Strobel K, Pfirrmann CW, Zanetti M, Nagy L, Hodler J MRI features of the acromioclavicular joint that predict pain relief from intraarticular injection. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003, 181(3):755-760.
33. Trattnig S, Breitenseher M, Rand T, et al. MR imaging-guided MR arthrography of the shoulder: clinical experience on a conventional closed high-field system. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999, 172(6):157.
34. Valls R, Melloni P Sonographic guidance of needle position for MR arthrography of the shoulder. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997, 169(3):845-847.
35. Zurlo JV, Towers JD, Golla S Anterior approach for knee arthrography. Skeletal Radiol 2001, 30(6):354-356.
36. Ahrar K, Himmerich JU, Herzog CE, et al. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided biopsy in the definitive diagnosis of osteosarcoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2004, 15(11):1329-1333.
37. Blanco Sequeiros R, Carrino JA Musculoskeletal interventional MR imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2005, 13(3):519-532.
38. Gangi A, Guth S, Imbert JP, et al. Percutaneous vertebroplasty: indications, technique, and results. Radiographics 2003, 23(2):10.
39. Geremia G, Joglekar S Percutaneous needle biopsy of the spine. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2000, 10(3):503-533.
40. Gil-Sanchez S, Marco-Domenech SF, Irurzun-Lopez J, et al. Ultrasound-guided skeletal biopsies. Skeletal Radiol 2001, 30(11):615-619.
41. Hadjipavlou AG, Kontakis GM, Gaitanis JN, et al. Effectiveness and pitfalls of percutaneous transpedicle biopsy of the spine. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2003, 411:54-60.
42. Jelinek JS, Murphey MD, Welker JA, et al. Diagnosis of primary bone tumors with image-guided percutaneous biopsy: experience with 110 tumors. Radiology 2002, 223:731-737.
43. Kelekis AD, Somon T, Yilmaz H, et al. Interventional spine procedures. Eur J Radiol 2005, 55(3):362-383.
44. Liu JC, Chiou HJ, Chen WM, et al. Sonographically guided core needle biopsy of soft tissue neoplasms. J Clin Ultrasound 2004, 32(6):294-298.
45. Mathis JM, Wong W Percutaneous vertebroplasty: technical considerations. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2003, 14(8):953-960.
46. Moller S, Kothe R, Wiesner L, et al. Fluoroscopy-guided transpedicular trocar biopsy of the spine-results, review, and technical notes. Acta Orthop Belg 2001, 67(5):488-499.
47. Morrison WB, Sanders TG, Parsons TW, Penrod BJ Preoperative CT-guided hookwire needle localization of musculoskeletal lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2001, 176(6):1531-1533.
48. Roberts CC, Morrison WB, Leslie KO, et al. Assessment of bone biopsy needles for sample size, specimen quality and ease of use. Skeletal Radiol 2005, 34(6):329-335.
49. Saifuddin A, Mitchell R, Burnett SJ, et al. Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of primary bone tumours. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2000, 82(1):50-54.
50. Schweitzer ME, Deely DM Percutaneous biopsy of osteolytic lesions: use of a biopsy gun. Radiology 1993, 189(2):615-616.
51. Schweitzer ME, Deely DM, Beavis K, Gannon F Does the use of lidocaine affect the culture of percutaneous bone biopsy specimens obtained to diagnose osteomyelitis? An in vitro and in vivo study. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995, 164(5):1201-1203.
52. Schweitzer ME, Gannon FH, Deely DM, et al. Percutaneous skeletal aspiration and core biopsy: complementary techniques. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996, 166(2):415-418.
53. Sequeiros RB, Ojala R, Kariniemi J, et al. MR-guided interventional procedures: a review. Acta Radiol 2005, 46(6):576-586.
54. Vieillard MH, Boutry N, Chastanet P, et al. Contribution of percutaneous biopsy to the definite diagnosis in patients with suspected bone tumor. Joint Bone Spine 2005, 72(1):53-60.
55. White LM, Schweitzer ME, Deely DM Coaxial percutaneous needle biopsy of osteolytic lesions with intact cortical bone. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996, 166(1):143-144.
56. White LM, Schweitzer ME, Deely DM, Gannon F Study of osteomyelitis: utility of combined histologic and microbiologic evaluation of percutaneous biopsy samples. Radiology 1995, 197(3):840-842.
57. Beltran J, Kim DH MR imaging of shoulder instability in the athlete. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2003, 11:221-238.
58. Bencardino JT, Beltran J MR imaging of the glenohumeral ligaments. Radiol Clin North Am 2006, 44:489-502.
59. Carrino JA, Chandnanni VP, Mitchell DB, et al. Pectoralis major muscle and tendon tears: diagnosis and grading using magnetic resonance imaging. Skeletal Radiol 2000, 29:305-313.
60. Gordon BH, Chew FS Isolated acromioclavicular joint pathology in the symptomatic shoulder on magnetic resonance imaging: a pictorial essay. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2004, 28:215-222.
61. Jung JY, Jee WH, Chun HJ, et al. Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: evaluation with MR arthrography. Eur Radiol 2006, 16:791-796.
62. Kassarjian A, Bencardino JT, Palmer WE MR imaging of the rotator cuff. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2004, 12:39-60.
63. Kijowski R, De Smet AA The role of ultrasound in the evaluation of sports medicine injuries of the upper extremity. Clin Sports Med 2006, 25:569-590.
64. Mohana-Borges AVR, Chung CB, Resnick D MR imaging and MR arthrography of the postoperative shoulder: spectrum of normal and abnormal findings. RadioGraphics 2004, 24:69-85.
65. Mohana-Borges AVR, Chung CB, Resnick D Superior labral anteroposterior tear: classification and diagnosis with MRI and MR arthrography. AJR 2003, 181:1449-1462.
66. Moosikasuwan JB, Miller TT, Dines DM Imaging of the painful shoulder in throwing athletes. Clin Sports Med 2006, 25:433-443.
67. Morag Y, Jacobson JA, Shields G, et al. MR arthrography of rotator interval, long head of the biceps brachii, and biceps pulley of the shoulder. Radiology 2005, 235:21-30.
68. Sanders TG, Jersey SL Conventional radiography of the shoulder. Semin Roentgenol 2005, 40:207-222.
69. Steinbach LS Magnetic resonance imaging of glenohumeral joint instability. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2006, 9:44-55.
70. Wu J, Covey A, Katz LD MRI of the postoperative shoulder. Clin Sports Med 2006, 25:445-464.
71. Zlatkin MB MRI of the postoperative shoulder. Skeletal Radiol 2002, 31:63-80.
72. Anderson MA Imaging of upper extremity stress fractures in the athlete. Clin Sports Med 2006, 25:489-504.
73. Bencardino JT, Rosenberg ZS Entrapment neuropathies of the shoulder and elbow in the athlete. Clin Sports Med 2006, 25:465-487.
74. Cain EL, Dugas JR, Wolf RS, Andrews JR Elbow injuries in throwing athletes: a current concepts review. Am J Sports Med 2003, 31:621-635.
75. Chung CB, Stanley AJ, Gentili A Magnetic resonance imaging of elbow instability. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2005, 9:67-76.
76. Floemer F, Morrison WB, Bongartz G, Ledermann HP MRI characteristics of olecranon bursitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004, 183:29-34.
77. Fowler KA, Chung CB Normal MR imaging anatomy of the elbow. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2004, 12:191-206.
78. Fritz RC MR imaging of osteochondral and articular lesions. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 1997, 5:579-602.
79. Kaplan LJ, Potter HG MR imaging of ligament injuries to the elbow. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2004, 12:221-232.
80. Kijowski R, De Smet AA The role of ultrasound in the evaluation of sports medicine injuries of the upper extremity. Clin Sports Med 2006, 25:569-590.
81. Kijowski R, Tuite M, Sanford M Magnetic resonance imaging of the elbow. Part I: normal anatomy, imaging techniques, and osseous abnormalities. Skelet Radiol 2004, 33:685-697.
82. Kijowski R, Tuite M, Sanford M Magnetic resonance imaging of the elbow. Part II: abnormalities of the ligaments, tendons, and nerves. Skelet Radiol 2005, 34:1-18.
83. O'Driscoll SW Classification and evaluation of recurrent instability of the elbow. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2000, 370:34-43.
84. Ouellette H, Kassarjian A, Tretreault P, Palmer W Imaging of the overhead throwing athlete. Semin Musculoskeletal Radiol 2005, 9:316-333.
85. Pudas T, Hurme T, Mattila K, Svedstrom E Magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric elbow fractures. Acta Radiol 2005, 46:636-644.
86. Tuite MJ, Kijowski R Sports-related injuries of the elbow: an approach to MRI interpretation. Clin Sports Med 2006, 25:387-408.
87. Anderson MW Imaging of upper extremity stress fractures in the athlete. Clin Sports Med 2006, 25:489-504.
88. Andreisek G, Crook DW, Burg D, et al. Peripheral neuropathies of the median, radial, and ulnar nerves: MR imaging features. RadioGraphics 2006, 26:1267-1287.
89. Bencardino JT, Rosenberg ZS Sports-related injuries of the wrist: an approach to MRI interpretation. Clin Sports Med 2006, 25:409-432.
90. Brown RR, Fliszar E, Cotton A, et al. Extrinsic and intrinsic ligaments of the wrist: normal and pathologic anatomy at MR arthrography with three-compartment enhancement. RadioGraphics 1988, 18:667-674.
91. Cerezal L, Pinal F, Abascal F, et al. Imaging findings in ulnar-sided wrist impaction syndromes. RadioGraphics 2002, 22:105-121.
92. Coggins CA Imaging of ulnar-sided wrist pain. Clin Sports Med 2006, 25:505-526.
93. Lima JE, Kim HJ, Albertotti F, Resnick D Intersection syndrome: MR imaging with anatomic comparison of the distal forearm. Skeletal Radiol 2004, 33:627-631.
94. Loredo RA, Sorge DG, Garcia G Radiographic evaluation of the wrist: a vanishing art. Semin Roentgenol 2005, 40:248-289.
95. Memarsadeghi M, Breitenseher MJ, Schaefer-Prokop C, et al. Occult scaphoid fractures: comparison of multidetector CT and MR-imaging-initial experience. Radiology 2006, 240:169-176.
96. Oneson SR, Scales LM, Timins ME, et al. MR imaging interpretation of the palmer classification of triangular fibrocartilage complex lesions. RadioGraphics 1996, 16:97-106.
97. Rosner JL, Zlatkin MB, Clifford P, et al. Imaging of athletic wrist and hand injuries. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2004, 8:57-79.
98. Schmitt R, Heinze A, Fellner F, et al. Imaging and staging of avascular osteonecrosis at the wrist and hand. Eur J Radiol 1997, 25:92-103.
99. Smith DK Dorsal carpal ligaments of the wrist: normal appearance on multiplanar reconstructions of three-dimensional fourier transform MR imaging. AJR 1993, 161:119-125.
100. Sofka CM, Potter HG Magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2001, 5:217-226.
101. Zlatkin MB, Rosner JL MR imaging of ligaments and triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist. Radiol Clin North Am 2006, 44:595-623.
102. Bencardino JT MR imaging of tendons of the hand and wrist. Magn Reson Imaging North Am 2004, 12:333-347.
103. Clavero JA, Alomar X, Monill JM, et al. MR imaging of ligament and tendon injuries of the fingers. RadioGraphics 2002, 22:237-256.
104. Connell DA, Pike J, Koulouris G, et al. MR imaging of thumb and carpometacarpal joint ligament injuries. J Hand Surg [Br] 2004, 29:46-54.
105. Haramati N, Hiller N, Dowdle J, et al. MRI of the Stener lesion. Skeletal Radiol 1995, 24:515-518.
106. Hauger O, Chung CB, Lektrakul N, et al. Pulley system in the fingers: normal anatomy and simulated lesions in cadavers at MR imaging, CT, and US with and without contrast material distention of the tendon sheath. Radiology 2000, 21:201-212.
107. Hergan K, Mittler C, Oser W Ulnar collateral ligament: differentiation of displaced and nondisplaced tears with US and MR imaging. Radiology 1995, 194:65-71.
108. Hoving JL, Buchbinder R, Hall S, et al. A comparison of magnetic resonance imaging, sonography, and radiology of the hand in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2004, 31:663-675.
109. Jbara M, Patnana M, Kazmi F, Beltran J MR imaging: arthropathies and infectious conditions of the elbow, wrist, and hand. Magn Reson Imaging North Am 2004, 12:361-379.
110. Lopez-Ben R, Lee DH, Nicolodi DJ Boxer Knuckle (injury of the extensor hood with extensor tendon subluxation): diagnosis with dynamic US-report of three cases. Radiology 2003, 228:642-646.
111. Martinoli C, Bianchi S, Cotton A Imaging of rock climbing injuries. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2005, 9:334-345.
112. Peterson JJ, Bancroft LW Injuries of the fingers and thumb in the athlete. Clin Sports Med 2006, 25:527-542.
113. Plancher KD, Ho CP, Cofield SS, et al. Role of MR imaging in the management of "skier's thumb" injuries. Magn Reson Imaging North Am 1999, 7:73-84.
114. Schoellnast H, Deutschmann HA, Hermann J, et al. Psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: findings in contrast-enhanced MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006, 187:351-357.
115. Theumann NH, Goettmann S, Le Viet D, et al. Recurrent glomus tumors of fingertips: MR imaging evaluation. Radiology 2002, 223:143-151.
116. Theumann NH, Pfirrmann CW, Chung CB, et al. Ligamentous and tendinous anatomy of the intermetacarpal and common carpometacarpal joints: evaluation with MR imaging and MR arthrography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2002, 26:145-152.
117. Yu JS, Habib PA Normal MR imaging anatomy of the wrist and hand. Magn Reson Imaging North Am 2004, 12:207-219.
118. Anderson MW MR imaging of the meniscus. Radiol Clin North Am 2002, 40:1081-1094.
119. Beltran J, Matityahu A, Hwang K, et al. The distal semimembranosus complex: normal MR anatomy, variants, biomechanics and pathology. Skeletal Radiol 2004, 32:435-445.
120. Christian SR, Anderson MB, Workman R, Conway WF, Pope TL Imaging of anterior knee pain. Clin Sports Med 2006, 25:681-702.
121. De Smitt AA MR imaging and MR arthrography for diagnosis of recurrent tears in the postoperative meniscus. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2005, 9:116-124.
122. Elias D, White LM Imaging of patellofemoral disorders. Clin Radiol 2004, 59:543-557.
123. Harish S, O'Donnell P, Connell D, Saifuddin A Imaging of the posterolateral corner of the knee. Clin Radiol 2006, 61:457-466.
124. Hayes CW, Coggins CA Sports-related injuries of the knee: an ap-proach to MRI interpretation. Clin sports Med 2006, 25:659-679.
125. Lerer DB, Umans HR, Hu MX, Jones MH The role of meniscal root pathology and radial meniscal tear in medial meniscal extrusion. Skeletal Radiol 2004, 33:569-574.
126. Mohana-Borges AV, Resnick D, Chung CB Magnetic resonance imaging of knee instability. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2005, 9:17-33.
127. Mosher TJ MRI of osteochondral injuries of the knee and ankle in the athlete. Clin Sports Med 2006, 25:843-866.
128. Naraghi A, White L MRI evaluation of the postoperative knee: special considerations and pitfalls. Clin Sports Med 2006, 25:703-725.
129. Sanders TG MR imaging of postoperative ligaments of the knee. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2002, 6:19-33.
130. Sanders TG, Medynski MA, Feller JF, Lawhorn KW Bone contusion patterns of the knee at MR imaging: footprint of the mechanism of injury. RadioGraphics 2000, 20:S135-151.
131. White LW, Miniaci A Cruciate and posterolateral corner injuries in the athlete: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2004, 8:111-131.
132. Yao L, Stanczak J, Boutin RD Presumptive subarticular stress reactions of the knee: MRI detection and association with meniscal tear patterns. Skeletal Radiol 2004, 33:260-264.
133. Bencardino JT, Rosenberg ZS, Serrano LF MR imaging features of diseases of the peroneal tendons. Magn Reson Imaging North Am 2001, 9:493-505.
134. Bencardino JT, Rosenberg ZS, Serrano LF MR imaging of tendon abnormalities of the foot and ankle. Magn Reson Imaging North Am 2001, 9:475-492.
135. Bergin D, Morrison WB Postoperative imaging of the ankle and foot. Radiol Clin North Am 2006, 44:391-406.
136. Brown KW, Morrison WB, Schweitzer ME, et al. MRI findings associated with distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injury. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004, 182:131-136.
137. Campbell SE MRI of sports injuries of the ankle. Clin Sports Med 2006, 25:727-762.
138. Lektrakul N, Chung CB, Lai Y, et al. Tarsal tunnel: arthrographic, MR imaging, MR arthrographic and pathologic findings in cadavers and retrospective study data in patients with sinus tarsi syndrome. Radiology 2001, 219:802-810.
139. Linklater J Ligamentous, chondral, and osteochondral ankle injuries in athletes. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2004, 8:81-98.
140. Mengiardi B, Pfirrmann CW, Zanetti M MR imaging of tendons and ligaments of the midfoot. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2005, 9:187-198.
141. Mengiardi B, Zanetti M, Schottle PB, et al. Spring ligament complex: MR imaging-anatomic correlation and findings in asymptomatic subjects. Radiology 2005, 237:242-249.
142. Muthukumar T, Butt SH, Cassar-Pullicino VN Stress fractures and related disorders in the foot and ankle: plain films, scintigraphy, CT, and MR imaging. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2005, 9:210-226.
143. Robinson P, White L Soft-tissue and osseous impingement syndromes of the ankle: role of imaging in diagnosis and management. RadioGraphics 2002, 22:1457-1469.
144. Rubin DA, Tishkoff NW, Britton CA, et al. Anterolateral fibrous impingement of the ankle: diagnosis using MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997, 95:293-297.
145. Schweitzer ME, Karasick D MR imaging of the Achilles tendon. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000, 175:613-625.
146. Yu JS Pathologic and post-operative conditions of the plantar fascia: review of MR imaging appearances. Skeletal Radiol 2000, 29:491-501.
147. Zoga AC, Schweitzer ME Imaging sports injuries of the foot and ankle. Magn Reson Imaging North Am 2003, 11:295-310.
148. Armfield DR, Kim DH, Towers JD, et al. Sports-related muscle injury in the lower extremity. Clin Sports Med 2006, 25:803-842.
149. Boutin RD, Fritz RC, Steinbach LS Imaging of sports-related muscle injuries. Magn Reson Imaging North Am 2003, 11:341-371.
150. De Smet AA, Norris MA, Fisher DR Magnetic resonance imaging of myositis ossificans: analysis of seven cases. Skeletal Radiol 1992, 21:503-507.
151. Fleckenstein JL, Canby RC, Parkey RW, et al. Acute effects of exercise on MR imaging of skeletal muscle in normal volunteers. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1988, 51:231-237.
152. Fugitt JB, Puckett ML, Quigley MM, Kerr SM Necrotizing fasciitis. RadioGraphics 2004, 24:1472-1476.
153. Kattapuram TM, Suri R, Rosol MS, et al. Idiopathic and diabetic skeletal muscle necrosis: evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging. Skeletal Radiol 2005, 34:203-209.
154. Koulouris G, Connell D Hamstring muscle complex: an imaging review. RadioGraphics 2005, 25:571-586.
155. Marcantonio DR, Cho GJ Focus on muscle in orthopedic MRI. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2000, 4:421-434.
156. May DA, Disler DG, Jones EA, et al. Abnormal signal intensity in skeletal muscle at MR imaging: patterns, pearls, and pitfalls. RadioGraphics 2000, 20:S295-315.
157. Palmer WE, Kuong SJ, Elmadbouh HM MR imaging of myotendinous strain. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999, 173:703-709.
158. Park JH, Olsen NJ Utility of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of patients with inflammatory myopathies. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2001, 3:334-345.
159. Verleisdonk EJ, van Gils A, van der Werken C The diagnostic value of MRI scans for the diagnosis of chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the lower leg. Skeletal Radiol 2001, 30:321-325.
160. Verrall GM, Slavotinek JP, Barnes PG, et al. Diagnosis and prognostic value of clinical findings in 83 athletes with posterior thigh injury: comparison of clinical findings with magnetic resonance imaging documentation of hamstring strain. Am J Sports Med 2003, 31:969-973.