Co-occurrence of major depressive episode and posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of war: How is it different from either condition alone?

Journal of Clinical Psychiatry

Volumn 74, Issue 3, 2013, Pages

  Morina, Nexhmedin ^a   Ajdukovic, Dean ^b   Bogic, Marija ^c   Franciskovic, Tanja ^d   Kucukalic, Abdulah ^e   Lecic Tosevski, Dusica ^f   Morina, Lendite ^g   Popovski, Mihajlo ^h   Priebe, Stefan ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB   (Croatia)

^c QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF RIJEKA   (Croatia)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SARAJEVO   (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

^f UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE   (Serbia)

^g UNIVERSITY OF PRISHTINA   (Serbia)

^h SS CYRIL AND METHODIUS UNIVERSITY   (Macedonia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BALKAN PENINSULA; COMORBIDITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; DISTRESS SYNDROME; DSM-IV; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MALE; MINI INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHIATRIC INTERVIEW; MULTICENTER STUDY (TOPIC); NAMED INVENTORIES, QUESTIONNAIRES AND RATING SCALES; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOTRAUMA; QUALITY OF LIFE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SELF REPORT; SUICIDE; SURVIVOR; WAR; YUGOSLAVIA;

EID: 84875461105     PISSN: 01606689     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4088/JCP.12m07844     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Steel Z, Chey T, Silove D, et al. Association of torture and other potentially traumatic events with mental health outcomes among populations exposed to mass conflict and displacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2009;302(5):537-549.
2. Van Ommeren M, de Jong JTVM, Sharma B, et al. Psychiatric disorders among tortured Bhutanese refugees in Nepal. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58(5):475-482. (Pubitemid 32411328)
3. Marshall GN, Schell TL, Elliott MN, et al. Mental health of Cambodian refugees 2 decades after resettlement in the United States. JAMA. 2005;294(5):571-579. (Pubitemid 41126899)
4. Blanchard EB, Buckley TC, Hickling EJ, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid major depression: is the correlation an illusion? J Anxiety Disord. 1998;12(1):21-37. (Pubitemid 28155821)
5. Bleich A, Koslowsky M, Dolev A, et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression: an analysis of comorbidity. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;170(5):479-482. (Pubitemid 27224548)
6. Elhai JD, Grubaugh AL, Kashdan TB, et al. Empirical examination of a proposed refinement to DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder symptom criteria using the National Comorbidity Survey Replication data. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69(4):597-602. (Pubitemid 351792334)
7. Taft CT, Resick PA, Watkins LE, et al. An investigation of posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive symptomatology among female victims of interpersonal trauma. J Fam Violence. 2009;24(6):407-415.
8. Breslau N, Davis GC, Peterson EL, et al. A second look at comorbidity in victims of trauma: the posttraumatic stress disorder-major depression connection. Biol Psychiatry. 2000;48(9):902-909.
9. Kessler RC, Sonnega A, Bromet E, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995;52(12):1048-1060.
10. Bromet E, Sonnega A, Kessler RC. Risk factors for DSM-III-R posttraumatic stress disorder: findings from the National Comorbidity Survey. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;147(4):353-361.
11. Carlson EB, Rosser-Hogan R. Trauma experiences, posttraumatic stress, dissociation, and depression in Cambodian refugees. Am J Psychiatry. 1991;148(11):1548-1551.
12. Kendler KS, Gardner CO, Prescott CA. Toward a comprehensive developmental model for major depression in women. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(7):1133-1145. (Pubitemid 34743253)
13. Grant DM, Beck JG, Marques L, et al. The structure of distress following trauma: posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. J Abnorm Psychol. 2008;117(3):662-672.
14. O'Donnell ML, Creamer M, Pattison P. Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma: understanding comorbidity. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161(8):1390-1396. (Pubitemid 38989091)
15. Momartin S, Silove D, Manicavasagar V, et al. Complicated grief in Bosnian refugees: associations with posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. Compr Psychiatry. 2004;45(6):475-482. (Pubitemid 39446813)
16. Nixon RDV, Resick PA, Nishith P. An exploration of comorbid depression among female victims of intimate partner violence with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Affect Disord. 2004;82(2):315-320. (Pubitemid 39370836)
17. Oquendo MA, Friend JM, Halberstam B, et al. Association of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression with greater risk for suicidal behavior. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160(3):580-582. (Pubitemid 41094272)
18. Shalev AY, Freedman S, Peri T, et al. Prospective study of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma. Am J Psychiatry. 1998;155(5):630-637. (Pubitemid 28225403)
19. Panagioti M, Gooding PA, Tarrier N. A meta-analysis of the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and suicidality: the role of comorbid depression. Compr Psychiatry. 2012;53(7):915-930.
20. Morina N, Böhme HF, Ajdukovic D, et al. The structure of post-traumatic stress symptoms in survivors of war: confirmatory factor analyses of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. J Anxiety Disord. 2010;24(6):606-611.
21. Priebe S, Bogic M, Ajdukovic D, et al. Mental disorders following war in the Balkans: a study in 5 countries. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67(5):518-528.
22. Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, et al. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59(suppl 20):22-33. (Pubitemid 29001829)
23. Morina N. Versioni shqip i [Albanian version of the] Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Prishtina, Kosovo: Zana; 2006.
24. Kozaric-Kovacic D, Pivac N. Quetiapine treatment in an open trial in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder with psychotic features. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2007;10(2):253-261.
25. Lecrubier Y, Sheehan DV, Weiller E, et al. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). A short diagnostic structured interview: reliability and validity according to the CIDI. Eur Psychiatry. 1997;12(5):224-231. (Pubitemid 27298915)
26. Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, et al. The validity of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) according to the SCID-P and its reliability. Eur Psychiatry. 1997;12(5):232-241. (Pubitemid 27298916)
27. Derogatis LR, Melisaratos N. The Brief Symptom Inventory: an introductory report. Psychol Med. 1983;13(3):595-605. (Pubitemid 13019024)
28. Ljubotina D, Pantić Z, Francisković T, et al. Treatment outcomes and perception of social acknowledgment in war veterans: follow-up study. Croat Med J. 2007;48(2):157-166. (Pubitemid 46651022)
29. Morina N. The role of experiential avoidance in psychological functioning after war-related stress in Kosovar civilians. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2007;195(8):697-700. (Pubitemid 47262946)
30. Weiss DF, Marmer CR. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised. In: Wilson JP, Keane TM, eds. Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD: A Practitioners Handbook. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 1997.
31. Ljubotina D, Muslic L. Convergent validity of four instruments for measuring posttraumatic stress disorder. Rev Psychol. 2003;10:11-21.
32. Morina N. Albanian version of Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Eur Soc Trauma Stress Stud Bull. 2003(10):7-10.
33. Priebe S, Huxley P, Knight S, et al. Application and results of the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA). Int J Soc Psychiatry. 1999;45(1):7-12. (Pubitemid 29158596)
34. Bravo-Mehmedbasić A, Kucukalić A, Kulenović AD, et al. Impact of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder on the quality of life of war survivors. Psychiatr Danub. 2010;22(3):430-435.
35. Morina N, Rushiti F, Salihu M, et al. Psychopathology and well-being in civilian survivors of war seeking treatment: a follow-up study. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2010;17(2):79-86.
36. Constans JI, Lenhoff K, McCarthy M. Depression subtyping in PTSD patients. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 1997;9(4):235-240. (Pubitemid 28122128)
37. Kozarić-Kovacić D, Hercigonja DK, Grubisić- Ilić M. Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in soldiers with combat experiences. Croat Med J. 2001;42(2):165-170. (Pubitemid 32525317)
38. Ikin JF, Creamer MC, Sim MR, et al. Comorbidity of PTSD and depression in Korean War veterans: prevalence, predictors, and impairment. J Affect Disord. 2010;125(1-3):279-286.
39. Ginzburg K. Comorbidity of PTSD and depression following myocardial infarction. J Affect Disord. 2006;94(1-3):135-143. (Pubitemid 44093023)
40. Breslau N, Davis GC, Andreski P, et al. Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991;48(3):216-222.
41. Campbell DG, Felker BL, Liu CF, et al. Prevalence of depression-PTSD comorbidity: implications for clinical practice guidelines and primary care- based interventions. J Gen Intern Med. 2007;22(6):711-718. (Pubitemid 46763950)
42. Chan D, Cheadle AD, Reiber G, et al. Health care utilization and its costs for depressed veterans with and without comorbid PTSD symptoms. Psychiatr Serv. 2009;60(12):1612-1617.
43. Green BL, Krupnick JL, Chung J, et al. Impact of PTSD comorbidity on oneyear outcomes in a depression trial. J Clin Psychol. 2006;62(7):815-835. (Pubitemid 44074809)
44. Reist C, Kauffmann CD, Haier RJ, et al. A controlled trial of desipramine in 18 men with posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1989;146(4):513-516. (Pubitemid 19099304)
45. Foa E, Davidson JRT, Frances A, et al; The Expert Consensus Panels for PTSD. The Expert Consensus Guideline Series: Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60(suppl 16):3-76.
46. Strachan M, Gros DF, Ruggiero KJ, et al. An integrated approach to delivering exposure-based treatment for symptoms of PTSD and depression in OIF/OEF veterans: preliminary findings. Behav Ther. 2012;43(3):560-569.
47. Priebe S, Gavrilovic JJ, Matanov A, et al. Treatment outcomes and costs at specialized centers for the treatment of PTSD after the war in former Yugoslavia. Psychiatr Serv. 2010;61(6):598-604.
48. Mollica RF, Caridad KR, Massagli MP. Longitudinal study of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and changes in traumatic memories over time in Bosnian refugees. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2007;195(7):572-579. (Pubitemid 47067468)