Ocean currents structuring the mesozooplankton in the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Bay, southeast coast of India

Progress in Oceanography

Volumn 110, Issue , 2013, Pages 27-48

  Jagadeesan, L ^a   Jyothibabu, R ^a   Anjusha, A ^a   Mohan, Arya P ^a   Madhu, N V ^a   Muraleedharan, K R ^a   Sudheesh, K ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGGLOMERATIVE HIERARCHICAL CLUSTER; MONSOON CIRCULATIONS; NON-METRIC MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING; NORTHERN INDIAN OCEANS; SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES; SOUTHEAST COAST OF INDIA; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES;

ATMOSPHERIC THERMODYNAMICS; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; ECOLOGY; HIERARCHICAL SYSTEMS; MIXING; MULTIVARIANT ANALYSIS; OCEAN CURRENTS; SALINITY MEASUREMENT;

OFFSHORE OIL WELLS;

CLUSTER ANALYSIS; COASTAL WATER; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; DOMINANCE; GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION; HETEROGENEITY; HIERARCHICAL SYSTEM; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; MONSOON; NEW RECORD; OCEANIC CIRCULATION; OCEANIC CURRENT; SALINITY; ZOOPLANKTON;

GULF OF MANNAR; INDIAN OCEAN; NORTHERN PROVINCE [SRI LANKA]; PALK BAY; SRI LANKA;

COPEPODA;

EID: 84875374765     PISSN: 00796611     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2012.12.002     Document Type: Article

References (123)

1. Achuthankutty C.T., Madhupratap M., Nair V.R., Nair S.R.S., Rao T.S.S. Zooplankton biomass and composition in the western Bay of Bengal during the late summer monsoon. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 1980, 9:201-206.
2. Achuthankutty, C.T., Ramaiah, N., Padmavati, G., 1997. Zooplankton variability and copepod assemblage in the coastal and estuarine waters of Goa along the central west coast of India. In: Pierrot-Bults, A.C., Vander Spoel, S. (Eds.), Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, 1 Workshop Report No. 142, UNESCO, Paris, pp. 1-11.
3. Anger K. Salinity as a key parameter in the larval biology of decapod crustaceans. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 2003, 43:29-45.
4. Anjusha, A., Jyothibabu, R., Jagadeesan, L., Arya, P. Mohan, Sudheesh, K., Kiran, Krishna, Ullas, N., Deepak, M.P., 2013. Trophic Efficiency of the plankton food webs, observations from the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Bay, submitted for publication.
5. Ashadevi C.R., Jyothibabu R., Sabu P., Jacob Josia., Habeebrehman H., Prabhakaran P., Jayalakshmi K.J., Achuthankutty C.T. Seasonal variation and trophic ecology of microzooplankton (20-200μm) in the southeastern Arabian Sea. Continental Shelf Research 2010, 30(9):1070-1084.
6. Balasubramanian, T., Anantharaman, P., Thangaradjou, T., 2011. Seagrass productivity and mapping in the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve. In: Compendium of Research Findings on Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use in the Gulf of Mannar Bioshere Reserve, Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve Trust, Ramnathapuram, India, Science Outreach Series No. 1, pp. 18-40.
7. Banse K., Vijayaraghavan Sumitra., Madhupratap M. On the possible causes of the seasonal phytoplankton blooms along the southwest coast of India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 1996, 25:283-289.
8. Beaugrand G. The North Sea regime shift: evidence, causes, mechanisms and consequences. Progress in Oceanography 2004, 60:245-262.
9. Berasategui A.D., Menu Marque S., Gomez-Erache M., Ramirez F.C., Mianzan H.W., Acha E.M. Copepod assemblages in a highly complex hydrographic region. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sciences 2006, 66:483-492.
10. Birks H.J.B. Numerical tools in palaeolimnology - progress, potentialities and problems. Journal of Paleolimnology 1998, 20:307-332.
11. Blanco-Bercial L., Alvarez-Marques F., Cabal J.A. Changes in the mesozooplankton community associated with the hydrography off the northwestern Iberian Peninsula. ICES Journal of Marine Sciences 2006, 63:799-810.
12. Bonnet D., Frid C.L.J. Seven copepod species considered as indicators of water-mass influence and changes: results from a Northumberland coastal station. ICES Journal of Marine Sciences 2004, 61:485-491.
13. Chandramohan P., Jena B.K., Sanilkumar V. Littoral drift sources and sinks along the Indian coast. Current Science 2001, 81(3):292-297.
14. Chen H., Qi Y., Liu G. Spatial and temporal variations of macro- and mesozooplankton community in the Huanghai Sea (Yellow Sea) and East China Sea in summer and winter. Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011, 30:84-95.
15. Clarke, K.R., Gorley, R.N., 2006. PRIMER V6 User Manual/Tutorial, PRIMER-E LTD., Plymouth Marine Laboratory, United Kingdom, p. 190.
16. Clarke K.R., Warwick R.M. Changes in Marine Communities: An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpredation 2001, PRIMER-E Ltd., Plymouth Marine Laboratory, United Kingdom. second ed.
17. Conway, D., White, R., Hugues-Dit-Ciles, J., Gallienne, C., Robins, D., 2003. Guide to the Coastal and Surface Zooplankton of the South Western Indian Ocean. Occasional Publication No. 15, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, p. 354.
18. Dalal S.G., Goswami S.C. Temporal and ephemeral variations in copepod community in the estuaries of Mandovi and Zuari - west coast of India. Journal of Plankton Research 2001, 23(1):19-26.
19. Ducklow H.W., Smith D.C., Campbell L., Landry M.R., Quinby H.L., Steward G.F., Azam F. Heterotrophic bacterioplankton in the Arabian Sea: basinwide response to year-round high primary productivity. Deep-Sea Research II 2001, 48:1303-1324.
20. Dufrêne M., Legendre P. Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecological Monographs 1997, 67:345-366.
21. Durve V.S., Alagarswami K. An incidence of fish mortality in Athankarai estuary near Mandapam. Marine Biological Association of India 1964, 6:147-151.
22. Feigenbaum J.D.L., Maris R.C. Feeding in the Chaetognatha. Annual Review of Oceanography and Marine Biology 1984, 22:343-392.
23. Fernandes V. The effect of semi-permanent eddies on the distribution of mesozooplankton in the central Bay of Bengal. Journal of Marine Research 2008, 66:465-488.
24. Fernandes V., Ramaiah N. Mesozooplankton community in the Bay of Bengal (India): spatial variability during the summer monsoon. Aquatic Ecology 2009, 43:951-963.
25. Gaonkar C.A., Krishnamurthy V., Anil A.C. Changes in the abundance and composition of zooplankton from the ports of Mumbai, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2010, 168:179-194.
26. Garrison D.L., Gowing M.M., Hughes M.P., Campbell L., Caron D.A., Dennett M.R., et al. Microbial food web structure in the Arabian Sea: a US JGOFS study. Deep-Sea Research II 2000, 47:1387-1422.
27. Gaudy R., Cervetto G., Pagano M. Comparison of the metabolism of Acartia clausi and A. tonsa: influence of temperature and salinity. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 2000, 247:51-65.
28. Giesecke R., González H.E. Reproduction and feeding of Sagitta enflata in the Humboldt Current system off Chile. ICES Journal of Marine Sciences 2008, 65:361-370.
29. Goswami S.C., Padmavati G. Zooplankton production, composition and diversity in the coastal waters of Goa. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 1996, 25:91-97.
30. Grasshoff K., Ehrhardt M., Kremling K. Methods of Seawater Analysis 1983, 89-224. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim. K. Grassholf, M. Ehrhardt, K. Kremling (Eds.).
31. Hansell D.A., Peltzer E.T. Spatial and temporal variations of total organic carbon in the Arabian Sea. Deep-Sea Research II 1998, 45:2171-2194.
32. Hansson L.J., Moeslund O., Kiørboe T., Riisgård H.U. Clearance rates of jellyfish and their potential predation impact on zooplankton and fish larvae in a neritic ecosystem (Limfjorden, Denmark). Marine Ecology Progress Series 2005, 304:117-131.
33. Haridas P., Menon P.G., Madhupratap M. Annual variations in zooplankton from a polluted coastal environment. Mahasagar - Bulletin of National Institute of Oceanography, India 1980, 13:239-248.
34. Heish C.H., Chiu T.S., Shih C.T. Copepod diversity and composition as indicators of intrusion of the Kuroshio Branch Current into the Northern Taiwan Strait in Spring 2000. Zoological Studies 2004, 43:393-403.
35. Hsiao S.H., Kâ S., Fang T.H., Hwang J.S. Zooplankton assemblages as indicators of seasonal changes in water masses in the boundary waters between the East China Sea and the Taiwan Strait. Hydrobiologia 2011, 666:317-330.
36. Hunt B.P.V., Hosie G.W. The seasonal succession of zooplankton in the Southern Ocean south of Australia, Part I: The seasonal ice zone. Deep-Sea Research I 2006, 53:1182-1202.
37. Huntley M.E., Hobson L.A. Medusa predation and plankton dynamics in a temperate fjord, British Columbia. Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada 1978, 35:257-261.
38. Hwang J.S., Wong C.K. The China Coastal Current as a driving force for transporting Calanus sinicus (Copepoda Calanoida) from its population centers to waters of Taiwan and Hong Kong during the NE monsoon period in winter. Journal of Plankton Research 2005, 27:205-210.
39. Hwang J.S., Souissi S., Tseng L.C., Seuront L., Schmitt F.G., Fang L.S., Peng S.H., Wu C.H., Hsiao S.H., Twan W.H., Wei T.P., Kumar R., Fang T.H., Chen Q.C., Wong C.K. A 5-year study of the influence of the northeast and Southwest Monsoons on copepod assemblages in the boundary coastal waters between the East China Sea and the Taiwan Strait. Journal of Plankton Research 2006, 28:943-958.
40. Jyothibabu, R., Madhu, N.V., 2007. Zooplankton in the Mandovi and Zuari estuary. In: Shyte, S.R., Dileep Kumar, M., Shankar, D. (Eds.), Mandovi and Zuari Estuaries, pp. 83-90.
41. Jyothibabu R., Madhu N.V., Maheswaran P.A., Jayalakshmy K.V., Nair K.K.C., Achuthankutty C.T. Seasonal variation of microzooplankton (20-200μm) and its possible implications on the vertical carbon flux in the western Bay of Bengal. Continental Shelf Research 2008, 28:737-755.
42. Jyothibabu R., Madhu N.V., Habeebrehman H., Jayalakshmi K.V., Nair K.K.C., Achuthankutty C.T. Re-evaluation of paradox of mesozooplankton in the eastern Arabian Sea based on ship and satellite observations. Journal of Marine Systems 2010, 81:235-251.
43. Kâ S., Hwang J.S. Mesozooplankton distribution and composition on the northeastern coast of Taiwan during autumn: effects of the Kuroshio current and hydrothermal vents. Zoological Studies 2011, 50:155-163.
44. Kartha A study of the copepods op the inshore waters of Palk bay and Gulf of Mannar. Indian Journal of Fisheries 1959, 6:256-267.
45. Kasturirangan, L.R., 1963. A Key for the Identification of the More Common Planktonic Copepoda of the Indian Coastal Waters. Publication No. 2. Indian National Committee on Oceanic Research, pp. 1-87.
46. Krishnamurthy K. Seasonal variation in the plankton of Porto. Novo Waters (India). Hydrobiologia 1967, 29:226-238.
47. Kumaraguru A.K., Edwin Joseph V., Marimuthu N., Jerald Wilson J. Scientific Information on Gulf of Mannar - A Bibliography 2006, Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India, p. 656.
48. Kumaraguru, A.K., Edwin Joseph, V., Rajee, M., Blasubramanian, T., 2008. Palk Bay - Information and Bibliography, CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai and Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Madurai Kamaraj University, India, p. 227.
49. Lee C.Y., Liu D.C., Su W.C. Seasonal and spatial variations in the planktonic copepod community of Ilan Bay and adjacent Kuroshio waters off Northeastern Taiwan. Zoological Studies 2009, 48:151-161.
50. Leps J., Smilauer P.S. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data using CANOCA 2003, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, p. 269.
51. Lin D., Li X.Q., Fang H.D., Dong Y.H., Huang Z.X., Chen J.H. Calanoid copepods assemblages in Pearl River Estuary of China in summer: relationships between species distribution and environmental variables. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 2011, 93:259-267.
52. Lo W.T., Hwang J.S., Chen Q.C. Spatial variations of copepods in the surface waters of southeastern Taiwan Strait. Zoological Studies 2004, 43:218-228.
53. Lopez R.M., Brandini F.P., Gaeta S.A. Distribution pattern of epipelagic copepods off Rio de Janeiro (SE Brasil) in summer 1991/1992 and winter 1992. Hydrobiologia 1999, 411:161-174.
54. Madhu N.V., Jyothibabu R., Maheswaran P.A., Gerson Vijay John, Gopalakrishnan T.C., Nair K.K.C. Lack of seasonality of phytoplankton standing stock (chlorophyll a) and production in the western Bay of Bengal. Continental Shelf Research 2006, 26:1868-1883.
55. Madhu N.V., Jyothibabu R., Balachandran K., Honey U., Martin G., Vijay J., Shiyas C., Gupta G., Achuthankutty C. Monsoonal impact on planktonic standing stock and abundance in a tropical estuary (Cochin backwaters - India). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 2007, 73:54-64.
56. Madhupratap M. Status and strategy zooplankton of tropical Indian estuaries: a review. Bulletin of Plankton Society of Japan 1987, 65-81.
57. Madhupratap M., Haridas P. Epipelagic calanoid copepods of the northern Indian Ocean. Oceanologica Acta 1986, 9:105-117.
58. Madhupratap M., Haridas P. Zooplankton, especially calanoid copepods, in the upper 1000m of the south east Arabian Sea. Journal of Plankton Research 1990, 12:305-321.
59. Madhupratap M., Nair S.R.S., Haridas P., Padmavati G. Response of zooplankton to physical changes in the environment: coastal upwelling along the central west coast of India. Journal of Coastal Research 1990, 6:413-426.
60. Madhupratap M., Haridas P., Ramaiah N., Achuthankutty C.T. Zooplankton of the southwest coast of India: abundance, composition, temporal and spatial variability in 1987. Oceanography of the Indian Ocean 1992, 99-112. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi. B.N. Desai (Ed.).
61. Madhupratap M., Gopalakrishnan T.C., Haridas P., Nair K.K.C., Aravindakshan P.N., Padmavati G., Paul S. Lack of seasonal and geographic variation in mesozooplankton biomass in the Arabian Sea and its structure in the mixed layer. Current Science 1996, 71:863-868.
62. Madhupratap M., Gopalakrishnan T.C., Haridas P., Nair K.K.C. Mesozooplankton biomass, composition and distribution in the Arabian Sea during the Fall Intermonsoon: implications of oxygen gradients. Deep-Sea Research II 2001, 48:1345-1368.
63. Manikandan S., Ganesapandian S., Parthipan K. Distribution and zonation of seagrass in the Palk Bay, Southeastern India. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 2011, 6(2):178-185.
64. Marichamy R., Gopinathan C.P., Siraimeetan P. Studies on primary and secondary production in relation to hydrography in the inshore waters of Tuticorin. Journal of Marine Biology Association of India 1985, 27:129-137.
65. Martin Thompson P. Ecology of the neritic and oceanic cyclopoid copepods along the south-west coast of Indian and the Laccadive Sea. Journal of Marine Biological Association of India 1990, 32:38-65.
66. Matsakis S., Conover R.J. Abundance and feeding of medusae and their potential impact as predators on other zooplankton in Bedford Basin (Nova Scotia, Canada) during spring. Canadian Journal Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1991, 48:1419-1430.
67. Mills C.E. Medusae, siphonophores and ctenophores as planktivorous predators in changing global ecosystems. ICES Journal of Marine Sciences 1995, 52:575-581.
68. MLR Plankton Altlas, 2011. In: Nair, K.K.C. (Ed.), Atlas on Environmental Parameters and Productivity of the Indian EEZ and Adjoining Seas. Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, New Delhi, p. 294.
69. Modéran J., Bouvais P., David V., Noc S.L., Bouhet B.S., Niquil N., Miramand P., Fichet D. Zooplankton community structure in a highly turbid environment (Charente estuary, France): spatio-temporal patterns and environmental control. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 2010, 88:219-232.
70. Murty A.V.S., Varma U.P. The hydrographical features of the waters of Palk Bay during March, 1963. Journal of Marine Biological Association of India 1964, 6:207-216.
71. Nair S.R., Nair V.R., Achuthankutty C.T., Madhupratap M. Zooplankton composition and diversity in the western Bay of Bengal. Journal of Plankton Research 1981, 3:493-508.
72. Nair S.R.S., Devassy V.P., Madhupratap M. Blooms of phytoplankton along the west coast of India associated with nutrient enrichment and the response of mesozooplankton. Science of the Total Environment 1992, (Suppl.):819-828.
73. Natarajan A.V. Studies on the egg masses and larval development of some prosobranchs from the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Bay. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences 1957, 46:170-228.
74. Nayar K.N., Mahadevan S., Rao K.S., Sivalingam D., Nayar K.R. Exploitation of Molluscan Shell Deposits in Vaigai Estuary at Athankarai 1988, vol. 42. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, India, Bulletin, pp. 35-39.
75. NIO Report, 2012. Environmental Impact Assessment of the 4A Alignment of the Sethusamudram Ship Channel Project. Ministry of Shipping, New Delhi, p. 210.
76. Ohman M.D. Predator-limited population growth of the copepod Pseudocalanus sp. Journal of Plankton Research 1986, 8:673-713.
77. Padmavati G., Goswami S.C. Zooplankton ecology in the Mandovi Zuary estuarine system of Goa, west coast of India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 1996, 25:268-273.
78. Padmavati G., Goswami S.C., Vidya P.S. Diurnal variation in zooplankton in the Zuari Estuary, west coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 1997, 39:166-171.
79. Panikkar, N.K., 1968. International Indian Ocean Expedition, Plankton Atlas, vol. 1, Fasc.1, Maps on Total MSP Biomass in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, CSIR, New Delhi, p. 22.
80. Perumal N.V., Rajkumar M., Perumal P., Rajasekar K.T. Seasonal variations of plankton diversity in the Kaduviyar estuary, Nagapattinam, southeast coast of India. Journal of Environmental Biology 2009, 30:1035-1046.
81. Pielou E. Introduction to Mathematical Ecology 1969, Wiley Interscience, p. 286.
82. Postel L., Fock H., Hagen W. Biomass and abundance. ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual 2000, 193-213. Academic Press. R.P. Harris, P.H. Wiebe, J. Leiz, Skjoldal (Eds.).
83. Prasad R.R. The characteristics of plankton at an inshore station in the Gulf of Mannar near Mandapam. Indian Journal of Fisheries 1954, 1:1-36.
84. Prasad R.R. Further studies on the plankton of the inshore waters off Mandapam. Indian Journal of Fisheries 1956, 3:1-42.
85. Prasad R.R. Plankton calendars of the inshore waters at Mandapam with note on the productivity of the area. Indian Journal of Fisheries 1958, 5:170-188.
86. Prasad R.R., Bapat S.V., Tampi P.R.S. Observations on the distribution of plankton at six inshore stations in the Gulf of Mannar. Journal of Zoological Society of India 1952, 4:141-151.
87. Queiroga H., Blanton J. Interactions between behaviour and physical forcing in the control of horizontal transport of decapod crustaceans larvae. Advances in Marine Biology 2004, 47:107-204.
88. Rakhesh M., Raman A.V., Kalavati C., Subramanian B.R., Sharma V.S., Sunitha Babu E., Sateesh N. Zooplankton community structure across an eddy-generated upwelling band close to a tropical bay-mangrove ecosystem. Marine Biology 2008, 154:953-972.
89. Rakhesh M., Raman A.V., Sudarsan D. Discriminating zooplankton assemblages in neritic and oceanic waters: a case for the northeast coast of India, Bay of Bengal. Marine Environmental Research 2006, 63:93-109.
90. Rao K.S., Sivalingam D., Nair P.N.R., Unnithan K.A. Oyster resources of Athankarai estuary, southeast coast of India. Central Marine Fisheries Research Insitute, India, Bulletin 1987, 38:17-29.
91. Rao S.D.V., Rao S.K., Iyer C.S.P., Chittibabu P. Possible ecological consequences from the Sethu Samudram Canal Project, India. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2008, 56:170-186.
92. Rao R.R., Girishkumar M.S., Ravichandran M., Gopalakrishna V.V., Pankajakshan T. Do cold, low salinity waters pass through the Indo-Sri Lanka Channel during winter?. International Journal of Remote Sensing 2011, 32(22):7383-7398.
93. Reeve M.R. The biology of chaetognatha. 1. Quantitative aspects of growth and egg production in Sagitta hispida. Marine Food Chains 1980, 168-189. University of California Press, Berkeley. J.H. Steele (Ed.).
94. Santhanam P., Perumal P. Diversity of zooplankton in Parangipettai coastal waters, southeast coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 2003, 45:145-151.
95. Sewell R.B.S. Notes on the surface copepoda of the Gulf of Mannar. Spolia Zeylanica 1914, 9:191-262.
96. Sewell R. The Copepoda of Indian Seas 1999, Biotech Books, Delhi, India, p. 407.
97. Shankar D., Vinayachandran P.N., Unnikrishnan A.S. The monsoon currents in the north Indian Ocean. Progress in Oceanography 2002, 52:63-120.
98. Shannon C.E., Wiener W. The Mathematical Theory of Communication 1963, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois, pp. 117.
99. Shenoi S.S.C. Intra-seasonal variability of the coastal currents around India: a review of the evidences from new observations. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences 2010, 39:489-496.
100. Shetye S.R. Dynamics of circulation of the waters around India. Ocean Science: Trends and Future directions 1999, 1-21. Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi. B.L.K. Somayajulu (Ed.).
101. Shetye S.R., Gouveia A.D. Coastal circulation in the north Indian Ocean. The Global Ocean: Regional studies and syntheses 1998, 523-556. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. A.R. Robinson, K.H. Bring (Eds.).
102. Shetye S.R., Gouveia A.D., Shenoi S.S.C., Sundar D., Michael G.S., Nampoothiri G. The Western boundary current of the seasonal subtropical gyre in the Bay of Bengal. Journal of Geophysical Research 1993, 98(C1):945-954.
103. Silas, E.G., 1968. Tuna fishery of the Tinnevelly coast, Gulf of Mannar. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Scombroid Fishes, Part 3. Marine Biology Association of India, pp. 1083-1120.
104. Simpson E.H. Measurement of diversity. Nature, London 1949, 163:688.
105. Sirajmeetan P., Marichamy R. Seasonal abundance of bivalve and gastropod larvae in the plankton off Tuticorin coast. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, India, Bulletin 1986, 42:225-231.
106. Skar{eth}hamar J., Slagstad D., Edvardsen A. Plankton distributions related to hydrography and circulation dynamics on a narrow continental shelf off Northern Norway. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 2007, 75:381-392.
107. Smith S.L., Madhupradap M. Mesozooplankton of the Arabian Sea: patterns influenced by seasons, upwelling, and oxygen concentrations. Progress in Oceanography 2005, 65:214-239.
108. Smith S., Roman M., Prusova I., Wishner K., Gowing M., Codispoti L.A., Barber R., Marra J., Flagg C. Seasonal response of zooplankton to monsoonal reversal in the Arabian Sea. Deep-Sea Research II 1998, 45:2369-2403.
109. Southwell T., Kerkham Currents on the Ceylon pearl banks superficial and deep. Reports of Ceylon Marine Biological Laboratory 1912, 1:232-248.
110. Sridhar R., Thangaradjou T., Kannan L. Spatial and temporal variations in phytoplankton in coral reef and seagrass ecosystems of the Palk Bay, southeast coast of India. Journal of Environmental Biology 2010, 31(5):765-777.
111. Stephen R. Copepod composition along the southwest coasts of India. Oceanography of the Indian Ocean 1978, Oxford & IBH, New Delhi. B.N. Desai (Ed.).
112. Sudheesh, K., Babu, M.T., Vethamony, P., 2013. Meandering 'S-shaped' Through Flow in Sethu Samudram across the Adams Bridge. Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay, unpublished.
113. Tanaka O. The pelagic copepods of the Izu region, Middle Japan, Systematic account I. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 1956, 5:525.
114. Tseng L.C., Kumar R., Dahms H.U., Chen C.T., Souissi S., Chen Q.C., Hwang J.S. Copepod community structure over a marine outfall area in the north-eastern South China Sea. Journal of Marine Biology Association of United Kingdom 2008, 88:955-966.
115. Turner J.T. The importance of small planktonic copepods and their roles in pelagic marine food webs. Zoological Studies 2004, 43:255-266.
116. Ummerkutty A.N.P. Studies on Indian copepods. Observations on the diurnal vertical movements of planktonic copepods in the Gulf of Mannar. Bombay Natural History Society 1967, 63:332-343.
117. Ummerkutty, 1967b. Observations on the breeding and seasonal abundance of ten species of planktonic copepods of the Gulf of Mannar. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Crustacea, Part 2. Marine Biological Association of India, 12-16 January 1965, Ernakulam, pp. 685-697.
118. UNESCO, 1994. Protocols for the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS). Core Measurements, IOC Manuals and Guides, vol. 29, UNESCO, Paris, p. 170.
119. Vinayachandran P.N., Masumoto Y., Mikawa T., Yamagata T. Intrusion of the southwest monsoon current into the Bay of Bengal. Journal of Geophysical Research 1999, 104(C5):07711085. (11).
120. Vinayachandran P.N., Chauhan P., Nayak S.R. Biological response of the sea around Sri Lanka to summer monsoon. Geophysical Research Letters 2004, 31:L01302. 10.1029/2003GL018533.
121. Vinayachandran P.N., Kagimoto T., Masumoto Y., Chauhan P., Nayak S.R., Yamagata T. Bifurcation of the East India Coastal Current east of Sri Lanka. Geophysical Research Letters 2005, 32:L15606. 10.1029/2005GL022864.
122. Xu Z.L. Determining optimal temperature and salinity of Lucifer (Dendrobranchiata: Sergestoidea: Luciferidae) based on field data from the East China Sea. Plankton and Benthos Research 2010, 5:136-143.
123. Yang G.M., He D.H., Wang C.S., Miao Y.T., Yu H.H. Study on the biological oceanography characteristics of planktonic copepods in the waters north of Taiwan. II. Community Characteristics. Acta Oceanologica Sinca 1999, 21:72-80.