'No-touch' saphenous vein harvesting improves graft performance in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: A journey from bedside to bench

Vascular Pharmacology

Volumn 58, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 240-250

  Dashwood, Michael R ^a   Tsui, Janice C ^a  

^a ROYAL FREE AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bypass surgery; Endothelium; Saphenous vein; Vascular damage

Indexed keywords

ADVENTITIA; ARTICLE; BLOOD VESSEL INJURY; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY; ENDOTHELIUM; ENDOVASCULAR VEIN HARVESTING; GASTROEPIPLOIC ARTERY; GENE TARGETING; GENE THERAPY; GRAFT FAILURE; GRAFT PATENCY; HUMAN; INTERNAL MAMMARY ARTERY; INTIMA; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIAL ARTERY; SAPHENOUS VEIN; SAPHENOUS VEIN GRAFT; STENT; TRANSPLANTATION; VEIN GRAFT;

ANIMALS; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR; HUMANS; MAMMARY ARTERIES; SAPHENOUS VEIN; TIME FACTORS; TISSUE AND ORGAN HARVESTING; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VASCULAR PATENCY;

EID: 84875372427     PISSN: 15371891     EISSN: 18793649     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.07.008     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Acar C., Jebara V.A., Portoghese M., et al. Revival of the radial artery for coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1992, 54:652-659.
2. Achouh P., Boutekadjirt R., Toledano D., et al. Long-term (5- to 20-year) patency of the radial artery for coronary bypass grafting. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2010, 140:73-79. (e2).
3. Achouh P., Isselmou K.O., Boutekadjirt R., D'Alessandro C., Pagny J.Y., Fouquet R., Fabiani J.N., Acar C. Reappraisal of a 20-year experience with the radial artery as a conduit for coronary bypass grafting. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2012, 41(1):87-92.
4. Ahmed S.R., Johansson B.L., Karlsson M.G., et al. Human saphenous vein and coronary bypass surgery: ultrastructural aspects of conventional and "no-touch" vein graft preparations. Histol. Histopathol. 2004, 19(2):421-433.
5. Akowuah E.F., Sheridan P.J., Cooper G.J., Newman C. Preventing saphenous vein graft failure: does gene therapy have a role?. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2003, 76(3):959-966.
6. Angelini G.D., Jeremy J.Y. Towards the treatment of saphenous vein bypass graft failure-a perspective of the Bristol Heart Institute. Biorheology 2002, 39(3-4):491-499.
7. Angelini G.D., Bryan A.J., Williams H.M., et al. Distention promotes platelet and leukocyte adhesion and reduces short-term patency in pig arteriovenous bypass grafts. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 1990, 99(3):433-439.
8. Angelini G.D., Bryan A.J., Hunter S., et al. A surgical technique that preserves human saphenous vein functional integrity. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1992, 53(5):871-874.
9. Angelini G.D., Bryan A.J., Williams H.M., et al. Time-course of medial and intimal thickening in pig venous arterial grafts: relationship to endothelial injury and cholesterol accumulation. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 1992, 103(6):1093-1103.
10. Angelini G.D., Izzat M.B., Bryan A.J., et al. External stenting reduces early medial and neointimal thickening in a pig model of arteriovenous bypass grafting. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 1996, 112(1):79-84.
11. Athanasiou T., Saso S., Rao C., Vecht J., Grapsa J., Dunning J., Lemma M., Casula R. Radial artery versus saphenous vein conduits for coronary artery bypass surgery: forty years of competition-which conduit offers better patency? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2011, 40(1):208-220.
12. Baker A.H., Yim A.P., Wan S. Opportunities for gene therapy in preventing vein graft failure after coronary artery bypass surgery. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 2006, 8(2):119-124.
13. Barker S.G., Talbert A., Cottam S., et al. Arterial intimal hyperplasia after occlusion of the adventitial vasa vasorum in the pig. Arterioscler. Thromb. 1993, 13:70-77.
14. Barker S.G., Tilling L.C., Miller G.C., et al. The adventitia and atherogenesis: removal initiates intimal proliferation in the rabbit which regresses on generation of a 'neoadventitia'. Atherosclerosis 1994, 105:131-144.
15. Behranwala A.A., Raja S.G., Dunning J. Is skeletonised internal mammary harvest better than pedicled internal mammary harvest for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting?. Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg. 2005, 4(6):577-582.
16. Calafiore A.M., Di Mauro M. Bilateral internal mammary artery grafting. Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther. 2006, 4(3):395-403.
17. Cameron A., Davis K.B., Green G., et al. Coronary bypass surgery with internal-thoracic-artery grafts-effects on survival over a 15-year period. N. Engl. J. Med. 1996, 334:216-220.
18. Chester A.H., Buttery L.D., Borland J.A., et al. Structural, biochemical and functional effects of distending pressure in the human saphenous vein: implications for bypass grafting. Coron. Artery Dis. 1998, 9(2-3):143-151.
19. Dashwood M.R., Loesch A. Surgical damage of the saphenous vein and graft patency. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2007, 133(1):274-275.
20. Dashwood M.R., Loesch A. The saphenous vein as a bypass conduit: the potential role of vascular nerves in graft performance. Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol. 2009, 7(1):47-57.
21. Dashwood M.R., Mehta D., Izzat M.B., et al. Distribution of endothelin-1 (ET) receptors (ET(A) and ET(B)) and immunoreactive ET-1 in porcine saphenous vein-carotid artery interposition grafts. Atherosclerosis 1998, 137(2):233-242.
22. Dashwood M.R., Gibbins R., Mehta D., et al. Neural reorganisation in porcine vein grafts: a potential role for endothelin-1. Atherosclerosis 2000, 150(1):43-53.
23. Dashwood M.R., Anand R., Loesch A., et al. Hypothesis: a potential role for the vasa vasorum in the maintenance of vein graft patency. Angiology 2004, 55(4):385-395.
24. Dashwood M.R., Dooley A., Shi-Wen X., et al. Does periadventitial fat-derived nitric oxide play a role in improved saphenous vein graft patency in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery?. J. Vasc. Res. 2007, 44(3):175-181.
25. Dashwood M.R., Savage K., Tsui J.C., et al. Retaining perivascular tissue of human saphenous vein grafts protects against surgical and distension-induced damage and preserves endothelial nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide synthase activity. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2009, 138(2):334-340.
26. Dashwood M.R., Fremes S., Souza D.S. Saphenous vein harvest with the Mayo extraluminal dissector: is endothelial function preserved?. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2010, 139(1):239-241.
27. Dashwood M.R., Dooley A., Shi-Wen X., et al. Perivascular fat-derived leptin: a potential role in improved vein graft performance in coronary artery bypass surgery. Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg. 2011, 12(2):170-173.
28. de Leon N., Jackevicius C.A. Use of aspirin and clopidogrel after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Ann. Pharmacother. 2012, 46(5):678-687.
29. Del Campo C. Pedicled or skeletonized? A review of the internal thoracic artery graft. Tex. Heart Inst. J. 2003, 30(3):170-175.
30. Dreifaldt M., Souza D.S., Loesch A., et al. The "no-touch" harvesting technique for vein grafts in coronary artery bypass surgery preserves an intact vasa vasorum. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2011, 141(1):145-150.
31. Favaloro R.G. Saphenous vein graft in the surgical treatment of coronary artery disease. Operative technique. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 1969, 58:178-185.
32. Fésüs G., Dubrovska G., Gorzelniak K., et al. Adiponectin is a novel humoral vasodilator. Cardiovasc. Res. 2007, 75(4):719-727.
33. Formica F., Ferro O., Greco P., et al. Long-term follow-up of total arterial myocardial revascularization using exclusively pedicle bilateral internal thoracic artery and right gastroepiploic artery. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2004, 26(6):1141-1148.
34. Galea J., Armstrong J., Francis S.E., et al. Alterations in c-fos expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis in pressure distended human saphenous vein. Cardiovasc. Res. 1999, 44(2):436-448.
35. Gansera B., Schiller M., Kiask T., Angelis L., Neumaier-Prauser P., Kemkes B.M. Internal thoracic artery vs. vein grafts-postoperative angiographic findings in symptomatic patients after 1000days. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2003, 51(5):239-243.
36. Gao G., Zheng Z., Pi Y., Lu B., Lu J., Hu S. Aspirin plus clopidogrel therapy increases early venous graft patency after coronary artery bypass surgery a single-center, randomized, controlled trial. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2010, 56(20):1639-1643.
37. Geary R.L., Clowes A.W., Lau S., et al. Gene transfer in baboons using prosthetic vascular grafts seeded with retrovirally transduced smooth muscle cells: a model for local and systemic gene therapy. Hum. Gene Ther. 1994, 5(10):1211-1216.
38. George S.J., Izzat M.B., Gadsdon P., et al. Macro-porosity is necessary for the reduction of neointimal and medial thickening by external stenting of porcine saphenous vein bypass grafts. Atherosclerosis 2001, 155(2):329-336.
39. George S.J., Channon K.M., Baker A.H. Gene therapy and coronary artery bypass grafting: current perspectives. Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. 2006, 8(4):288-294.
40. George S.J., Wan S., Hu J., et al. Sustained reduction of vein graft neointima formation by ex vivo TIMP-3 gene therapy. Circulation 2011, 124(Suppl. 11):S135-S142.
41. Goldman S., Sethi G.K., Holman W., et al. Radial artery grafts vs saphenous vein grafts in coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized trial. JAMA 2011, 305(2):167-174.
42. Gollasch M. Vasodilator signals from perivascular adipose tissue. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2012, 165(3):633-642.
43. Gollasch M., Dubrovska G. Paracrine role for periadventitial adipose tissue in the regulation of arterial tone. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 2004, 25(12):647-653.
44. Gottlob R. The preservation of the venous endothelium by <> and by an atraumatic technique of vascular anastomosis. Minerva Chir. 1977, 32:693-700.
45. Gundry S.R., Jones M., Ishihara T., et al. Optimal preparation techniques for human saphenous vein grafts. Surgery 1980, 88(6):785-794.
46. Handa M., Li W., Morioka K., et al. Adventitial delivery of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor gene prevented intimal hyperplasia of vein graft. J. Vasc. Surg. 2008, 48(6):1566-1574.
47. Hayward P.A.R., Hare D.L., Gordon I., et al. Effect of radial artery or saphenous vein conduit for the second graft on 6-year clinical outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting. Results of a randomised trial. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2008, 34:113-117.
48. Hayward P.A.R., Gordon I.R., Hare D.L., et al. Comparable patencies of the radial artery and right internal thoracic artery or saphenous vein beyond 5years: results from the Radial Artery Patency and Clinical Outcomes trial. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2010, 139:60-67.
49. He G.-W., Yang C.-Q. Radial artery has higher receptor-mediated contractility but similar endothelial function compared with mammary artery. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1997, 63:1346-1352.
50. Heistad D.D., Marcus M.L. Role of vasa vasorum in nourishment of the aorta. Blood Vessels 1979, 16(5):225-238.
51. Iafrati M.M. Less-invasive saphenous harvest. Surg. Clin. North Am. 1999, 79(3):623-644.
52. Izzat M.B., Mehta D., Bryan A.J., et al. Influence of external stent size on early medial and neointimal thickening in a pig model of saphenous vein bypass grafting. Circulation 1996, 94(7):1741-1745.
53. Jeremy J.Y., Dashwood M.R. Innervation of the pig vein graft: a potential role for vascular nerves on graft occlusion. Vascular Protection: Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Therpeutic Principles and Clinical Application 2002, 223-236. Taylor & Francis, London, Chapter 18. G.M. Rubanyi, V.J. Dzau, J.P. Cooke (Eds.).
54. Jeremy J.Y., Dashwood M.R., Timm M., et al. Nitric oxide synthase and adenylyl and guanylyl cyclase activity in porcine interposition vein grafts. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1997, 63(2):470-476.
55. Jeremy J.Y., Bulbulia R., Johnson J.L., et al. A bioabsorbable (polyglactin), nonrestrictive, external sheath inhibits porcine saphenous vein graft thickening. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2004, 127(6):1766-1772.
56. Kalra M., Jost C.J., Severson S.R., et al. Adventitial versus intimal liposome-mediated ex vivo transfection of canine saphenous vein grafts with endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene. J. Vasc. Surg. 2000, 32(6):1190-1200.
57. Kulik A., Ruel M. Statins and coronary artery bypass graft surgery: preoperative and postoperative efficacy and safety. Expert Opin. Drug Saf. 2009, 8(5):559-571.
58. Kulik A., Chan V., Ruel M. Antiplatelet therapy and coronary artery bypass graft surgery: perioperative safety and efficacy. Expert Opin. Drug Saf. 2009, 8(2):169-182.
59. Kulik A., Voisine P., Mathieu P., Masters R.G., Mesana T.G., Le May M.R., Ruel M. Statin therapy and saphenous vein graft disease after coronary bypass surgery: analysis from the CASCADE randomized trial. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2011, 92(4):1284-1290.
60. Kumar B., Dreja K., Shah S.S., et al. Upregulated TRPC1 channel in vascular injury in vivo and its role in human neointimal hyperplasia. Circ. Res. 2006, 98(4):557-563.
61. Kunlin J. Long vein transplantation in treatment of ischemia caused by arteritis. Rev. Chir. 1951, 70:206-235.
62. Kurlansky P. Thirty-year experience with bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting: where have we been and where are we going?. World J. Surg. 2010, 34(4):646-651.
63. Lemson M.S., Tordoir J.H.M., Daemen M.J.A.P., et al. Intimal hyperplasia in vascular grafts. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2000, 19:336-350.
64. Loesch A., Dashwood M.R. On the sympathetic innervation of the human greater saphenous vein: relevance to clinical practice. Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol. 2009, 7(1):58-67.
65. Loesch A., Dashwood M.R., Fernández-Alfonso M.S. Improved saphenous vein graft patency for coronary artery bypass grafting: "no-touch" harvesting or "dissection without touching"?. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2007, 134(3):819-820.
66. Lopes R.D., Hafley G.E., Allen K.B., et al. Endoscopic versus open vein-graft harvesting in coronary-artery bypass surgery. N. Engl. J. Med. 2009, 361(3):235-244.
67. Lytle B.W., Loop F.D., Cosgrove D.M., et al. Long-term (5 to 12years) serial studies of internal mammary artery and saphenous vein coronary bypass grafts. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 1985, 89:248-258.
68. Maenhaut N., Van de Voorde J. Regulation of vascular tone by adipocytes. BMC Med. 2011, 9:25.
69. Maguire J.J., Yu J.C., Davenport A.P. ETA receptor antagonists inhibit intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation in human vessels. Clin. Sci. (Lond.) 2002, 103(Suppl. 48):184S-188S.
70. Malinowski M., Deja M.A., Gołba K.S., et al. Perivascular tissue of internal thoracic artery releases potent nitric oxide and prostacyclin-independent anticontractile factor. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2008, 33(2):225-231.
71. Mannion J.D., Ormont M.L., Shi Y., O'Brien J.E., Chung W., Roqué F., Zalewski A. Saphenous vein graft protection: effects of c-myc antisense. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 1998, 115(1):152-161.
72. Mannion J.D., Ormont M.L., Magno M.G., O'Brien J.E., Shi Y., Zalewski A. Sustained reduction of neointima with c-myc antisense oligonucleotides in saphenous vein grafts. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1998, 66(6):1948-1952.
73. Masood I., Porter K.E., London N.J. Endothelin-1 is a mediator of intimal hyperplasia in organ culture of human saphenous vein. Br. J. Surg. 1997, 84(4):499-503.
74. Massey R.M., Warren O.J., Szczeklik M., et al. Skeletonization of radial and gastroepiploic conduits in coronary artery bypass surgery. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2007, 2:26.
75. McEnany M.T., Salzman E.W., Mundth E.D., DeSanctis R.W., Harthorne J.W., Weintraub R.M., Gates S., Austen W.G. The effect of antithrombotic therapy on patency rates of saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 1982, 83(1):81-89.
76. Mehta D., Izzat M.B., Bryan A.J., et al. Towards the prevention of vein graft failure. Int. J. Cardiol. 1997, 62(Suppl. 1):S55-S63.
77. Mehta D., George S.J., Jeremy J.Y., et al. External stenting reduces long-term medial and neointimal thickening and platelet derived growth factor expression in a pig model of arteriovenous bypass grafting. Nat. Med. 1998, 4(2):235-239.
78. Miceli A., Duggan S.M., Aresu G., de Siena P.M., Romeo F., Glauber M., Caputo M., Angelini G.D. Combined clopidogrel and aspirin treatment up to surgery increases the risk of postoperative myocardial infarction, blood loss and reoperation for bleeding in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2012, (Electronic publication ahead of print, Jun 24).
79. Murphy G.J., Newby A.C., Jeremy J.Y., et al. A randomized trial of an external Dacron sheath for the prevention of vein graft disease: the Extent study. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2007, 134(2):504-505.
80. Narayan P., Yeatman M., Caputo M., et al. Saphenous vein harvest with the Mayo extraluminal dissector: is endothelial function preserved?. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2009, 138(2):508-510.
81. Nowicki M., Buczkowski P., Miskowiak B., et al. Immunocytochemical study on endothelial integrity of saphenous vein grafts harvested by minimally invasive surgery with the use of vascular mayo stripers. A randomized controlled trial. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2004, 27(3):244-250.
82. Ochi M. Does Japanese coronary artery bypass grafting qualify as a global leader?. Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 2012, 113(3):273-277.
83. Porter K.E., Olojugba D.H., Masood I., et al. Endothelin-B receptors mediate intimal hyperplasia in an organ culture of human saphenous vein. J. Vasc. Surg. 1998, 28(4):695-701.
84. Razaboni R.M., Ballantyne D.L., Harper A.D., et al. The microvascular technique of vein grafting in rats as a training and experimental model. J. Microsurg. 1980, 2(2):148-150.
85. Rosenfeldt F.L., He G.W., Buxton B.F., et al. Pharmacology of coronary artery bypass grafts. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1999, 67(3):878-888.
86. Rosenthal D., Arous E.J., Friedman S.G., et al. Endovascular-assisted versus conventional in situ saphenous vein bypass grafting: cumulative patency, limb salvage, and cost results in a 39-month multicenter study. J. Vasc. Surg. 2000, 31(1 Pt. 1):60-68.
87. Ross R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s. Nature 1993, 362(6423):801-809.
88. Ross R., Glomset J.A. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (first of two parts). N. Engl. J. Med. 1976, 295(7):369-377.
89. Ross R., Glomset J.A. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (second of two parts). N. Engl. J. Med. 1976, 295(8):420-425.
90. Rubens F.D., Boodhwani M. Skeletonization of the internal thoracic artery for coronary artery bypass grafting. Curr. Opin. Cardiol. 2009, 24(6):559-566.
91. Savage E.B., Cohn L.H. 'No touch' dissection, antegrade-retrograde blood cardioplegia, and single aortic cross-clamp significantly reduce operative mortality of reoperative CABG. Circulation 1994, 90(5 Pt 2):II140-II143.
92. Schmitto J.D., Rajab T.K., Cohn L.H. Prevalence and variability of internal mammary graft use in contemporary multivessel coronary artery bypass graft. Curr. Opin. Cardiol. 2010, 25(6):609-612.
93. Scotland R.S., Vallance P.J., Ahluwalia A. Endogenous factors involved in regulation of tone of arterial vasa vasorum: implications for conduit vessel physiology. Cardiovasc. Res. 2000, 46(3):403-411.
94. Siow R.C., Churchman A.T. Adventitial growth factor signalling and vascular remodelling: potential of perivascular gene transfer from the outside-in. Cardiovasc. Res. 2007, 75(4):659-668.
95. Souza D. A new "no-touch" preparation technique. Scand. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 1996, 30:40-44.
96. Souza D.S., Johansson B., Bojö L., Karlsson R., Geijer H., Filbey D., Bodin L., Arbeus M., Dashwood M.R. Harvesting the saphenous vein with surrounding tissue for CABG provides long-term graft patency comparable to the left internal thoracic artery: results of a randomized longitudinal trial. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2006, 132(2):373-378.
97. Stein P.D., Schünemann H.J., Dalen J.E., Gutterman D. Antithrombotic therapy in patients with saphenous vein and internal mammary artery bypass grafts: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest 2004, 126(3 Suppl):600S-608S.
98. Stooker W., Niessen H.W., Wildevuur W.R., et al. Perivenous application of fibrin glue reduces early injury to the human saphenous vein graft wall in an ex vivo model. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2002, 21(2):212-217.
99. Suma H. Arterial grafts in coronary bypass surgery. Ann. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 1999, 5(3):141-145.
100. Sun J.C., Teoh K.H., Sheth T., Landry D., Jung H., Warkentin T.E., Yusuf S., Lamy A., Eikelboom J.W. Randomized trial of fondaparinux versus heparin to prevent graft failure after coronary artery bypass grafting: the Fonda CABG study. J. Thromb. Thrombolysis 2011, 32(3):378-385.
101. Tatoulis J., Royse A.G., Buxton B.F., et al. The radial artery in coronary surgery: a 5-year experience-clinical and angiographic results. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2002, 73:143-148.
102. Tatoulis J., Buxton B.F., Fuller J.A., et al. Long-term patency of 1108 radial arterial-coronary angiograms over 10years. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2009, 88:23-30.
103. Thomas A.C., Wyatt M.J., Newby A.C. Reduction of early vein graft thrombosis by tissue plasminogen activator gene transfer. Thromb. Haemost. 2009, 102(1):145-152.
104. Tsui J.C., Dashwood M.R. Recent strategies to reduce vein graft occlusion: a need to limit the effect of vascular damage. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2002, 23(3):202-208.
105. Tsui J.C., Souza D.S., Filbey D., et al. Preserved endothelial integrity and nitric oxide synthase in saphenous vein grafts harvested by a 'no-touch' technique. Br. J. Surg. 2001, 88(9):1209-1215.
106. Tsui J.C., Souza D.S., Filbey D., et al. Localization of nitric oxide synthase in saphenous vein grafts harvested with a novel "no-touch" technique: potential role of nitric oxide contribution to improved early graft patency rates. J. Vasc. Surg. 2002, 35(2):356-362.
107. Vanhoutte P.M. Endothelium and control of vascular function. State of the art lecture. Hypertension 1989, 13(6 Pt. 2):658-667.
108. Vasilakis V., Dashwood M.R., Souza D.S., et al. Human saphenous vein and coronary bypass surgery: scanning electron microscopy of conventional and "no-touch" vein grafts. Vasc. Dis Prevent. 2004, 1:133-139.
109. Vijayan V., Shukla N., Johnson J.L., et al. Long-term reduction of medial and intimal thickening in porcine saphenous vein grafts with a polyglactin biodegradable external sheath. J. Vasc. Surg. 2004, 40(5):1011-1019.
110. Wan S., George S.J., Nicklin S.A., et al. Overexpression of p53 increases lumen size and blocks neointima formation in porcine interposition vein grafts. Mol. Ther. 2004, 9(5):689-698.
111. Wan S., Yim A.P., Johnson J.L., et al. The endothelin 1A receptor antagonist BSF 302146 is a potent inhibitor of neointimal and medial thickening in porcine saphenous vein-carotid artery interposition grafts. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2004, 127(5):1317-1322.
112. Wan S., Arifi A.A., Chan M.C., et al. Differential, time-dependent effects of perivenous application of fibrin glue on medial thickening in porcine saphenous vein grafts. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2006, 29(5):742-746.
113. Wang G.J., Sui X.X., Simosa H.F., et al. Regulation of vein graft hyperplasia by survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2005, 25(10):2081-2087.
114. Souza D.S.R., Arbeus M., Botelho Pinheiro B., et al. The no-touch technique of harvesting the saphenous vein for coronary artery bypass grafting surgery http://mmcts.ctsnetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/2009/0731/mmcts.2008.003624.