Analgesia in the emergency department: A GRADE-based evaluation of research evidence and recommendations for practice

Critical Care

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2013, Pages

  Lipp, Chris ^a   Dhaliwal, Raj ^a   Lang, Eddy ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CELECOXIB; COCODAMOL; CODEINE; FENTANYL; HYDROMORPHONE; IBUPROFEN; MORPHINE; NAPROXEN; OXYCODONE; PARACETAMOL;

ANALGESIA; CLINICAL EVALUATION; CLINICAL PRACTICE; DRUG COST; EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN; EMERGENCY WARD; FLUSHING; HUMAN; HYPOTENSION; LOADING DRUG DOSE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PAIN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRURITUS; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; URTICARIA; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; EVALUATION STUDY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PROCEDURES; STANDARDS;

ANALGESIA; BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH; EMERGENCY SERVICE, HOSPITAL; EVALUATION STUDIES AS TOPIC; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HUMANS; PAIN MANAGEMENT; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC;

EID: 84875367831     PISSN: 13648535     EISSN: 1466609X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/cc12521     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Todd KH, Ducharme J, Choiniere M, Crandall CS, Fosnocht DE, Homel P, Tanabe P, . PEMI Study Group Pain in the emergency department: Results of the pain and emergency medicine initiative (PEMI) multicenter study. J Pain 2007, 8:460-466. 10.1016/j.jpain.2006.12.005, 17306626, PEMI Study Group.
2. Silk J, Baird L, Ahern M, Holdgate A, Fry M. An emergency department's analysis of pain management patterns. Australian Emerg Nurs J 1999, 2:31-36.
3. Pines JM, Hollander JE. Emergency department crowding is associated with poor care for patients with severe pain. Ann Emerg Med 2008, 51:1-5. 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.07.008, 17913299.
4. Allione A, Melchio R, Martini G, Dutto L, Ricca M, Bernadi E, Pomero F, Menardo V, Tartaglino B. Factors influencing desired and received analgesia in emergency department. Intern Emerg Med 2011, 6:69-78.
5. Ducharme J. Proceedings from the first international symposium on pain research in emergency medicine: Foreword. Ann Emerg Med 1996, 27:399-403. 10.1016/S0196-0644(96)70214-7, 8604843.
6. Cordell WH. Pain-control research opportunities and future directions. Ann Emerg Med 1996, 27:474-478. 10.1016/S0196-0644(96)70236-6, 8604865.
7. Afilalo M, Tselios C. Pain relief versus patient satisfaction. Ann Emerg Med 1996, 27:436-438. 10.1016/S0196-0644(96)70225-1, 8604854.
8. Lee G, Smith S, Jennings N. Low acuity abdominal pain in the emergency department: Still a long wait. Int Emerg Nurs 2008, 16:94-100. 10.1016/j.ienj.2008.01.006, 18519060.
9. Finckh A, Robertson F, McDonell K, Welch S, Gawthorne J. Implementation of a guideline to improve prescription of analgesia for adult trauma patients in an emergency department. Australas Emerg Nurs J 2010, 13:25-29.
10. Wilson JE, Pendleton JM. Oligoanalgesia in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med 1989, 7:620-623. 10.1016/0735-6757(89)90286-6, 2803357.
11. Singer A, Chisum E, Stark M. An educational intervention to reduce oligoanalgesia in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 2003, 42:S41-S41.
12. Decosterd I, Hugli O, Tamchès E, Blanc C, Mouhsine E, Givel JC, Yersin B, Buclin T. Oligoanalgesia in the emergency department: Short-term beneficial effects of an education program on acute pain. Ann Emerg Med 2007, 50:462-471. 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.01.019, 17445949.
13. Calil AM, MattosPimenta CA, Birolini D. The "oligoanalgesia problem" in the emergency care. Clinics 2007, 62:591-598.
14. Motov SM, Khan AN. Problems and barriers of pain management in the emergency department: Are we ever going to get better?. J Pain Res 2008, 2:5-11. 3004630, 21197290.
15. Chen EH, Shofer FS, Dean AJ, Hollander JE, Baxt WG, Robey JL, Sease KL, Mills AM. Gender disparity in analgesic treatment of emergency department patients with acute abdominal pain. Acad Emerg Med 2008, 15:414-418. 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00100.x, 18439195.
16. Rupp T, Delaney KA. Inadequate analgesia in emergency medicine. Ann Emerg Med 2004, 43:494-503. 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2003.11.019, 15039693.
17. Arendts G, Fry M. Factors associated with delay to opiate analgesia in emergency departments. J Pain 2006, 7:682-686. 10.1016/j.jpain.2006.03.003, 16942954.
18. Cordell WH, Keene KK, Giles BK, jones JB, Brizendine EJ. The high prevalence of pain in emergency medical care. Am J Emerg Med 2002, 20:165-169. 10.1053/ajem.2002.32643, 11992334.
19. Ducharme J. A prospective blinded study on emergency pain assessment and therapy. J Emerg Med 1995, 13:571-575. 10.1016/0736-4679(95)80023-9, 7594383.
20. Tcherny-Lessenot S, Karwowski-Soulié F, Lamarche-Vadel A, Ginsburg C, Brunet F, Vidal-Trecan G. Management and relief of pain in an emergency department from the adult patients' perspective. J Pain Symptom Manag 2003, 25:539-546.
21. Macintyre P, Scott DA, Schug SA, Visser EJ, Walker SM. Acute Pain Management: Scientific Evidence. 2010, Accessed October 2012., http://www.anzca.edu.au/resources/college-publications/pdfs/Acute%20Pain%20Management/books-and-publications/acutepain.pdf
22. Morley PT, Atkins DL, Billi JE, Bossaert L, Callaway CW, de Caen AR, Deakin CD, Eigel B, Hazinski MF, Hickey RW, Jacobs I, Kleinman ME, Koster RW, Mancini ME, Montgomery WH, Morrison LJ, Nadkarni VM, Nolan JP, O'Connor RE, Perlman JM, Sayre MR, Semenko TI, Shuster M, Soar J, Wyllie J, Zideman D. Part 3: Evidence evaluation process: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation 2010, 122:S283-S8290. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.970947, 20956251.
23. Schunemann HJ, Cook D, Guyatt G. Methodology for antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy guideline development: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th edition). Chest 2008, 133(Suppl 6):110S-112S.
24. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Atkins D, Brozek J, Vist G, Alderson P, Glasziou P, Falck-Ytter Y, Schünemann HJ. GRADE guidelines: 2. Framing the question and deciding on important outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol 2011, 64:395-400. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.09.012, 21194891.
25. Guyatt G, Vist G, Falck-Ytter Y, Kunz R, Magrini N, Schunemann H. An emerging consensus on grading recommendations?. Evid Based Med 2006, 11:2-4.
26. The GRADE Working Group Organizations that have endorsed or that are using GRADE. 2012, Accessed October 2012, The GRADE Working Group., http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/society/index.htm
27. Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA, Kunz R, Vist G, Brozek J, Norris S, Falck-Ytter Y, DeBeer H, Jaeschke R, Rind D, Meerpohl J, Dahm P, Schünemann HJ. GRADE guidelines: 1. introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. J Clin Epidemiol 2011, 64:383-394. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026, 21195583.
28. Patanwala AE, Keim SM, Erstad BL. Intravenous opioids for severe acute pain in the emergency department. Ann Pharmacother 2010, 44:1800-1809. 10.1345/aph.1P438, 20978218.
29. Galinski M, Dolveck F, Borron SW, Tual L, Van Laer V, Lardeur JY, Lapostolle F, Adnet F. A randomized, double blind study comparing morphine with fentanyl in prehospital analgesia. Am J Emerg Med 2005, 23:114-119. 10.1016/j.ajem.2004.03.010, 15765326.
30. Fleischman RJ, Frazer DG, Daya M, Jui J, Newgard CJ. Effectiveness and safety of fentanyl compared with morphine for out-of-hospital analgesia. Prehosp Emerg Care 2010, 14:167-175. 10.3109/10903120903572301, 2924527, 20199230.
31. Chang AK, Bijur PE, Gallagher EJ. Randomized clinical trial comparing the safety and efficacy of a hydromorphone titration protocol to usual care in the management of adult emergency department patients with acute severe pain. Ann Emerg Med 2011, 58:352-359. 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.03.003, 21507527.
32. Chang AK, Bijur PE, Campbell CM, Murphy MK, Gallagher EJ. Safety and efficacy of rapid titration using 1 mg doses of intravenous hydromorphone in emergency department patients with acute severe pain: The "1 + 1" protocol. Ann Emerg Med 2009, 54:221-225. 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.09.017, 18996618.
33. Chang AK, Bijur PE, Davitt M, Gallagher EJ. Randomized clinical trial comparing a patient-driven titration protocol of intravenous hydromorphone with traditional physician-driven management of emergency department patients with acute severe pain. Acute Pain 2009, 11:152-153.
34. Binsfeld H, Szczepanski L, Waechter S, Richarz U, Sabatowski R. A randomized study to demonstrate non-inferiority of once-daily OROS hydromorphone for moderate to severe chronic non-cancer pain. Pain Pract 2010, 10:404-415. 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2009.00342.x, 20384968.
35. Hale M, Tudor IC, Khanna S, Thipphawong J. Efficacy and tolerability of once-daily OROS hydromorphone and twice-daily extended-release oxycodone in patients with chronic, moderate to severe osteoarthritis pain: results of a 6-week, randomized, open-label, noninferiority analysis. Clin Ther 2007, 29:874-888. 10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.05.016, 17697906.
36. Moore RA, Derry S, McQuay HJ, Wiffen PJ. Single dose oral analgesics for acute postoperative pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011, CD008659.
37. Drendel AL, Gorelick MH, Weisman SJ, Lyon R, Brosseau DC, Kim MK. Randomized clinical trial of ibuprofen versus acetaminophen with codeine for acute pediatric arm fracture pain. Ann Emerg Med 2009, 54:553-560. 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.005, 19692147.
38. Innes GD, Croskerry P, Worthington J, Beveridge R, Jones D. Ketorolac versus ace taminophen-codeine in the ED treatment of acute low back pain. J Emerg Med 1998, 16:549-556. 10.1016/S0736-4679(98)00044-4, 9696169.
39. Gaskell H, Derry S, Moore RA, McQuay HJ. Single dose oral oxycodone and oxycodone plus paracetamol for acute postoperative pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009, CD002763.
40. Toms I, Derry S, Moore RA, McQuay HJ. Single dose oral paracetamol with codeine for post-operative pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009, CD001547.
41. Marco CA, Plewa MC, Buderer N, Black C, Roberts A. Comparison of oxycodone and hydrocodone for the treatment of acute pain associated with fractures: a double-blind randomised clinical trial. Acad Emerg Med 2005, 12:282-288. 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2005.tb01941.x, 15805317.
42. Larijani GE, Goldberg MD, Fratz I, Warshal DP. Analgesic and hemodynamic effects of a single 7.5 mg intravenous dose of morphine in patients with moderate-to-severe postoperative pain. Pharmacotherapy 2004, 24:1675-1680. 10.1592/phco.24.17.1675.52335, 15585437.
43. Kanowitz A, Dunn T, Kanowitz EM, Dunn WW, Vanbuskirk K. Safety and effectiveness of fentanyl administration for pre-hospital pain management. Prehosp Emerg Care 2006, 10:1-7. 10.1080/10903120500373264, 16418084.
44. Chang AK, Bijur PE, Napolitano A, Lupow J, Gallagher EJ. Two milligrams intravenous hydromorphone is efficacious for treating pain but is associated with oxygen desaturation. J Opioid Manag 2009, 5:75-80. 10.4113/jom.2009.1051, 19507803.
45. Pergolizzi J, Böger RH, Budd K, Dahan A, Erdine S, Hans G, Kress HG, Langford R, Likar R, Raffa RB, Sacerdote P. Opioids and the management of chronic severe pain in the elderly: consensus statement of an International Expert Panel with focus on the six clinically most often used World Health Organization Step III opioids (buprenorphine, fentanyl, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone). Pain Pract 2008, (8:):287-313.
46. Clark E, Plint AC, Correll R, Gaboury I, Passi B. A randomized, controlled trial of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and codeine for acute pain relief in children with musculoskeletal trauma. Pediatrics 2007, 119:460-467. 10.1542/peds.2006-1347, 17332198.
47. Derry S, Barden J, McQuay HJ, Moore RA. Single dose oral celecoxib for acute postoperative pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008, CD004233.
48. McNicol ED, Strassels S, Goudas L. NSAIDS or paracetamol, alone or combined with opioids for cancer pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011, CD005180.
49. Holdgate A, Pollock T. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) versus opioids for acute renal colic. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004, CD004137.
50. Miner JR. Randomized double-blind placebo controlled crossover study of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, acetaminophen/hydrocodone, and placebo for the relief of pain from a standard painful stimulus. Acad Emerg Med 2009, 16:911-911. 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00496.x, 19673707.
51. White PF, Joshi GP, Carpenter RL, Fragen RJ. A comparison of oral ketorolac and hydrocodone-acetaminophen for analgesia after ambulatory surgery. Anesth Analg 1997, 85:37-43.
52. Gimbel JS, Brugger A, Zhao W, Verburg KM, Geis GS. Efficacy and tolerability of celecoxib versus hydrocodone/acetaminophen in the treatment of pain after ambulatory orthopedic surgery in adults. Clin Ther 2001, 23:228-241. 10.1016/S0149-2918(01)80005-9, 11293556.
53. Litkowski LJ, Christensen SE, Adamson DN, Van Dyke T, Han SH, Newman KB. Analgesic efficacy and tolerability of oxycodone 5 mg/ibuprofen400 mg compared with those of oxycodone 5 mg/acetaminophen 325 mg and hydrocodone 7.5 mg/acetaminophen 500 mg in patients with moderate to severe postoperative pain: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose, parallel-group study in a dental pain model. Clin Ther 2005, 27:418-429. 10.1016/j.clinthera.2005.04.010, 15922815.