Misinterpreting 'winning' in multiline slot machine games

International Gambling Studies

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 112-126

  Jensen, Candice ^a   Dixon, Mike J ^a   Harrigan, Kevin A ^a   Sheepy, Emily ^a   Fugelsang, Jonathan A ^a   Jarick, Michelle ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

Author keywords

characteristics; cognition; electronic gaming machines; gambling; irrational beliefs

Indexed keywords

EID: 84875363028     PISSN: 14459795     EISSN: 14794276     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.717635     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Bechara, A., Damasio, A.R., Damasio, H. and Anderson, S.W. 1994. Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition, 50: 7-15. doi: 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3
2. Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D. and Damasio, A.R. 1997. Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy. Science, 275: 1293-1295. doi: 10.1126/science.275.5304.1293
3. Benhsain, K., Taillefer, A. and Ladouceur, R. 2004. Awareness of independence of events and erroneous perceptions while gambling. Addictive Behaviors, 29(2): 399-404. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2003.08.011
4. Blaszczynski, A. and Nower, L. 2002. A pathways model of problem and pathological gambling. Addiction, 97(5): 487-499. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00015.x
5. Blaszczynski, A., Sharpe, L., & Walker, M. (2003). Minimization in relation to gambling on electronic gaming machines. Retrieved fromhttp://www.ipart.nsw.gov.au/submiss/Gambling03/Gambling%20Research%20Unit%20%20-%20S5927.pdf
6. Brown, R.I.F. 1986. Arousal and sensation-seeking components in the general explanation. International Journal of the Addictions, 21: 1001-1016. Retrieved fromhttp://informahealthcare.com/journal/sum
7. Delfabbro, P.H. and Winefeld, A.H. 2000. Predictors of irrational thinking in regular slot machine gamblers. Journal of Psychology, 134(2): 117-128. doi: 10.1080/00223980009600854
8. Diskin, K.M. and Hodgins, D.C. 2003. Psychophysiological and subjective arousal during gambling in pathological and non-pathological video lottery gamblers. International Gambling Studies, 3(1): 37-51. doi: 10.1080/14459790304590
9. Dixon, M.J., Harrigan, K.A., Sandhu, R., Collins, K. and Fugelsang, J.A. 2010. Losses disguised as wins in modern multi-line video slot machines. Addiction, 105(10): 1819-1824. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03050.x
10. Dixon, M.R., Maclin, O.H. and Daugherty, D. 2006. An evaluation of response allocations to concurrently available slot machine simulations. Behavior Research Methods, 38(2): 232-236. doi: 10.3758/BF03192774
11. Dowling, N., Smith, D. and Thomas, T. 2005. Electronic gaming machines: Are they the 'crack-cocaine' of gambling?. Addiction, 100(1): 33-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.00962.x
12. Estes, W. 1994. Classification and cognition, New York: Oxford University Press.
13. Harrigan, K., Dixon, M., MacLaren, V., Collins, K. and Fugelsang, J. 2012. The maximum rewards at the minimum price: Reinforcement rates and payback percentages in multi-line slot machines. Journal of Gambling Issues, 26: 11-29. doi: 10.4309/jgi.2011.26.3
14. Harrigan, K.A. and Dixon, M. 2009. PAR sheets, probabilities, and slot machine play: Implications for problem and non-problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Issues, 23: 81-110. doi: 10.4309/jgi.2009.23.5
15. Haw, J. 2009. The multiplier potential of slot machines predicts bet size. Analysis of Gambling Behavior, 3(1): 1 Retrieved fromhttp://epubs.scu.edu.au/tourism_pubs/327/
16. Ladouceur, R., Sylvain, C., Boutin, C. and Doucet, C. 2002. Understanding and treating the pathological gambler, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
17. Langer, E.J. 1975. The illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32: 311-328. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.32.2.311
18. Livingstone, C., Woolley, R., Zazryn, T., Bakacs, L. and Shami, R. 2008. The relevance and role of gaming machine games and game features on the play of problem gamblers, Adelaide: Independent Gambling Authority of South Australia.
19. Masson, M.E.J. and Loftus, G.R. 2003. Using confidence intervals for graphically based data interpretation. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57(3): 203-220. doi: 10.1023/A:1021065116500
20. Neighbors, C., Lostutter, T.W., Cronce, J.M. and Larimer, M.E. 2002. Exploring college student gambling motivation. Journal of Gambling Studies, 18(4): 361-370. doi: 10.1023/A:1021065116500
21. Nower, L. and Blaszczynski, A. 2010. Gambling motivations, money-limiting strategies, and precommitment preferences of problem versus non-problem gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 26(3): 361-372. doi: 10.1007/s10899-009-9170-8
22. Parke, A., Griffiths, M. and Irwing, P. 2004. Personality traits in pathological gambling: Sensation seeking, deferment of gratification and competitiveness as risk factors. Addiction Research & Theory, 12(3): 201-212. doi:10.1080/1606635310001634500
23. Rosch, E., Mervis, C.B., Gray, W.D., Johnson, D.M. and Boyes-Braem, P. 1976. Basic objects in natural categories. Cognitive Psychology, 8(3): 382-439. doi: 10.1016/0010-0285(76)90013-X
24. Turner, N. and Horbay, R. 2004. How do slot machines and other electronic gambling machines actually work?. Journal of Gambling Issues, 11: 1-42. Retrieved fromhttp://jgi.camh.net/doi/full/10.4309/jgi.2004.11.21
25. Van Selst, M. and Jolicoeur, P. 1994. A solution to the effect of sample size on outlier elimination. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. Section A: Human Experimental Psychology, 47(3): 631-650. doi: 10.1080/14640749408401131
26. Wilkes, B.L., Gonsalvez, C.J. and Blaszczynski, A. 2010. Capturing SCL and HR changes to win and loss events during gambling on electronic machines. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 78(3): 265-272. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.08.008
27. Wood, R.T.A., Gupta, R., Derevensky, J.L. and Griffiths, M. 2004. Video game playing and gambling in adolescents: Common risk factors. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 14(1): 77-100. doi: 10.1300/J029v14n01_05
28. Young, M.M., Wohl, M.J.A., Matheson, K., Baumann, S. and Anisman, H. 2008. The desire to gamble: The influence of outcomes on the priming effects of a gambling episode. Journal of Gambling Studies, 24(3): 275-293. doi: 10.1007/s10899-008-9093-9
29. Zangeneh, M., Blaszczynski, A. and Turner, N.E. 2007. In the pursuit of winning: Problem gambling theory, research and treatment, New York:: Springer.