The militarizing of Hawai'i: Occupation, accommodation, and resistance

Asian Settler Colonialism: From Local Governance to the Habits of Everyday Life in Hawai'i

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 170-194

  Kajihiro, Kyle ^a  

^a American Friends Service Committee Hawai'i Area Program   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84875322005     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (84)

1. Gavan Daws, Shoal of Time: A History of the Hawaiian Islands (Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1968).
2. Noel Kent, Hawaii: Islands under the Influence (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1983).
3. Ian Lind, "Ring of Steel: Notes on the Militarization of Hawaii, " Social Process in Hawaii 31 (1984/1985): 25-47.
4. Kathy Ferguson and Phyllis Turnbull, Oh, Say, Can You See? The Semiotics of the Military in Hawai'i (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999), xiii-xviii.
5. Lind, "Ring of Steel, " 27.
6. Lind, "Ring of Steel, " 27.
7. Brian McAllister Linn, Guardians of Empire: The U.S. Army and the Pacific, 1902-1940 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997), 6.
8. General Macomb, quoted in Lind, "Ring of Steel, " 25.
9. See J. Garner Anthony, Hawaii under Army Rule (Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1955).
10. Gary Okihiro, Cane Fires: The Anti-Japanese Movement in Hawaii, 1865-1945 (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1991), 201.
11. Lind, "Ring of Steel, " 36-37.
12. Sanford Zalburg, A Spark Is Struck! Jack Hall and the ILWU in Hawaii (Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1979).
13. Matsuo Takabuki, An Unlikely Revolutionary: Matsuo Takabuki and the Making of Modern Hawai'i (Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1998), 66.
14. George Cooper and Gavan Daws, Land and Power in Hawaii: The Democratic Years (Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1990), 8.
15. Takabuki, An Unlikely Revolutionary, 64.
16. Cooper and Daws, Land and Power in Hawaii, 9.
17. Lind, "Ring of Steel, " 17.
18. Haunani-Kay Trask, "Settlers of Color and 'Immigrant' Hegemony: 'Locals' in Hawai'i, " Amerasia Journal 26 (2) (2000): 2-3.
19. U.S. Pacific Command, Hawaii Land Use Master Plan.
20. U.S. Pacific Command, Hawaii Military Installations and Training Areas (Honolulu, 1998).
21. Lind, "Ring of Steel, " 36-37.
22. James Albertini et al., The Dark Side of Paradise: Hawaii in a Nuclear World (Honolulu: Catholic Action of Hawai'i/Peace Education Project, 1980).
23. U.S. Pacific Command, Hawaii Military Installations and Training Areas.
24. U.S. Pacifi c Command, Hawaii Military Installations and Training Areas.
25. State of Hawai'i, Department of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism, State of Hawai'i Data Book (Honolulu: State of Hawai'i, 2000).
26. "Most Recent Public Scoping Meeting Presentation of U.S. Army Transformation in Hawaii" as delivered by Ron Borne at Nanakuli High and Intermediate School, April 30, 2002.
27. William Cole, "Army to Transform on O'ahu, " Honolulu Advertiser, April 22, 2002, B1.
28. Peter J. Offringa, Major General, U.S. Army, Assistant Chief of Engineers, Memorandum for SEE Distribution, Subject: Major Land Acquisition Moratorium, DAEN-ZCI-A (405-10), November 30, 1990.
29. 25th ID(L) and U.S. Army, Hawaii Land Use Requirement Study, prepared for USARPAC, USARHAW, 1997.
30. Cynthia Enloe, Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women's Lives (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000), 3.
31. Ferguson and Turnbull, Oh, Say, Can You See? xiii.
32. Lilikala Kame'eleihiwa, Native Land and Foreign Desires: Pehea La E Pono Ai? (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1992), 25.
33. Sheryl Miyahira, "Hawaii's Ceded Lands, " UH Law Review 3-4 (1981-1982): 101-148.
34. Judy Lee Rohrer, "Hawaii and the Military: The Conflict over Land, " unpublished report (Honolulu: American Friends Service Committee Hawai'i Area Program, 1987).
35. Hoaliku Drake, "Statement of Hoaliku Drake, Chair of the Hawaiian Homes Commission, " Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993), 193-199.
36. Greg Kakesako, "Lualualei, " Honolulu Star-Bulletin, December 5, 1998.
37. Office of Hawaiian Affairs, State of Hawai'i, Native Hawaiian Data Book (Honolulu: Office of Hawaiian Affairs, 2000), table 5.4.
38. David Stannard, "The Hawaiians: Health, Justice, and Sovereignty, ".
39. Healani Sonoda, "A Nation Incarcerated, " in this volume.
40. Kekuni Blaisdell, "The Health Status of the Kanaka Maoli, " Asian American and Pacific Islander Journal of Health 1 (2) (Autumn 1993).
41. Office of Hawaiian Affairs, Native Hawaiian Data Book, table 7.13.
42. State of Hawai'i Data Book, tables 10.4, 10.21, 1.03, 1.29.
43. Aimee Houghton and Lenny Siegel, Military Contamination and Cleanup Atlas for the United States-1995 (San Francisco: Pacific Studies Center and CAREER/PRO, 1995).
44. Nadine Scott, "Pearl Harbor Problems with Radioactive Waste, " Honolulu Star-Bulletin, April 4, 1979.
45. Gretel H. Schueller, "Will Navy's New Sonar System Drown Out the Songs of Whales?" Environment Hawai'i 12 (2) (August 2001): 6-12.
46. Albertini et al., The Dark Side of Paradise, 19-20.
47. Davianna Pomaika'i McGregor "An Introduction to the Hoa'aina and Their Rights, " Hawaiian Journal of History 30 (1996): 14.
48. Noa Emmett Aluli and Davianna Pomaika'i McGregor, "The Healing of Kaho'olawe, " Hawai'i: Return to Nationhood, ed. Ulla Hasager and Jonathan Friedman (Copenhagen: International Working Group for Indigenous Affairs, Document no. 75, 1994), 197-208.
49. Rodney Morales, Ho'iho'i Hou: A Tribute to George Helm and Kimo Mitchell (Honolulu: Bamboo Ridge Press, 1984).
50. Walter Ritte Jr. and Richard Sawyer, Na Mana'o Aloha o Kaho'olawe (Honolulu: Aloha 'Aina o Na Kupuna, 1978), 3.
51. Quoted in Morales, Ho'iho'i Hou, 55.
52. Quoted in Morales, Ho'iho'i Hou, 72.
53. Memorandum of Understanding between the United States Department of the Navy and the State of Hawai'i Concerning the Island of Kaho'olawe, Hawai'i, 1994, 13.
54. Stu Glauberman, "Long, Winding Road of Controversy over H-3, " Honolulu Advertiser, April 13, 1992.
55. Kris M. Tanahara, "Halawa Valley Still in Dispute, " Honolulu Advertiser, April 6, 1993.
56. Kris M. Tanahara, "Marchers Mark Delay in Halawa Valley Work, " Honolulu Advertiser, August 30, 1993.
57. Pat Omandam, "Rocky Road: Even with the Opening at Hand, Many Hawaiians Say Protests May Not End, " Honolulu Star-Bulletin, December 4, 1997.
58. Mike Yuen, "Open Road: After Decades of Controversy, the 16.1-mile Highway Will Soon Open for Business, " Honolulu Star-Bulletin, December 3, 1997.
59. See "Hiiaka-i-ka-poli-o-Pele, " Hoku o Hawaii, January 12, 1926.
60. Elspeth P. Sterling and Catherine C. Summers, Sites of Oahu (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1978), 187.
61. Jim Borg, "Ecologists Sue to Halt Big Isle Army Exercises, " Honolulu Advertiser, October 8, 1981.
62. "Request to Halt Maneuvers Denied, " Honolulu Advertiser, October 9, 1981.
63. Dennis Kawaharada, ed., Ancient O'ahu: Stories from Fornander and Thrum (Honolulu: Kalamaku Press, 2001).
64. Marion Kelly and Sidney Michael Quintal, Cultural History Report of Makua Military Reservation and Vicinity, Makua Valley, Oahu, Hawaii (Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 1977), 8-10.
65. Stephen Desha Sr. and Julia Keonaona, "He Mo'olelo Ka'ao no Hi'iaka-i-ka-poli-o- Pele, " serial account published in Ka Hoku o Hawai'i (September 18, 1924, to July 17, 1928), trans. Kepa Maly in Oral History Study: Ahupua'a of Makua and Kahanahaiki, District of Wai'anae Island of O'ahu, PACDIV Contract Number N62742-94-D-0006 D.O. 22. PCH Project No. 442.0122, Institute for Sustainable Development (1998), A1-A13.
66. Ian Lind, "The Captive Valley of Makua: 42 Years of Military Occupation, " Ka Huliau, May-June 1983.
67. "Makua Valley Public Meeting Held on January 27, 2001" (Ralph Rosenburg Court Reporters), 59.
68. Lind, "The Captive Valley of Makua.".
69. Pam Smith, "Makua: Valley of the Duds, " Hawaii Observer, June 16, 1977.
70. Smith, "Makua, " 20.
71. Kelly and Quintal, Cultural History Report, 48-49.
72. Peter Rosegg, "Quiet Beach Offers Home to Squatters, " Honolulu Advertiser, April 14, 1975.
73. Helen Altonn, "Makua Beach Squatters Face Eviction, " Honolulu Star-Bulletin, July 17, 1978.
74. Smith, "Makua, " 22.
75. Vickie Ong, "Hawaiians Raise Flag over Makua, " Honolulu Advertiser, February 29, 1976.
76. Robert W. Bone, "300 Rally Round Makua's Traditional Lifestyle, " Honolulu Advertiser, January 3, 1983.
77. Makua: Sovereignty in Practice (Kokua Makua 'Ohana, 1983).
78. Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Final Report RCRA Facility Assessment for Makua Military Reservation, Oahu, Hawaii, submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region IX. EPA ID No. HI7210022227 (1992), 14.
79. Makua: To Heal a Nation, produced by Na Maka o ka 'Aina, 1996, videocassette.
80. Transcript from "Makua Valley Public Meeting Held on January 27, 2001, " 99-100.
81. Thomas Naki, a kupuna, said: "Stop the outrageous 'military exercises' now. . . . The exercises have taken away the life cycle of our environment as well as depleted our resources. To say that Makua would surely become a ghost town is absurd and a vicious drum up of lies that's been a repeated pattern again and again to somehow justify the continued bombing of Makua." "Makua Valley Public Meeting Held on January 27, 2001, " 247-248.
82. Oli Ho'oikaika (Prophesy of the nation) is a traditional chant documented by David Malo. The last line was added for the Makua Makahiki ceremony.
83. James Carroll, "Bush's Radical Shift in Military Policy, " Boston Globe, February 19, 2002.
84. East Asia-U.S. Women's Network Against Militarism, International Women's Summit to Redefine Security: Final Statement, June 22-25, 2000.