Plant Communities Along the Eerste River, Western Cape, South Africa: Community descriptions and implications for restoration

Koedoe

Volumn 55, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

  Meek, Clifon S ^a,b   Richardson, David M ^b   Mucina, Ladislav ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^b STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

^c Department of Environment and Agriculture   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION; HABITAT CONSERVATION; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; PLANT COMMUNITY; PROTECTED AREA; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; RIPARIAN VEGETATION;

EERSTE RIVER; SOUTH AFRICA; WESTERN CAPE;

EID: 84875297235     PISSN: 00756458     EISSN: 20710771     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v55i1.1099     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Bray, R.H. & Kurtz, L.T., 1945, 'Determination of total, organic, and available forms of phosphorus in soils', Soil Science 59, 39-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-194501000-00006
2. Bromilow, C., 2005, Problem plants of South Africa, Briza Publicatons, Pretoria.
3. Brooks, M.L., D'Antonio, C.M., Richardson, D.M., Grace, J.B., Keeley, J.E., DiTomaso, J.M. et al., 2004, 'Effects of invasive alien plants on fire regimes', BioScience 54, 677-688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0677:EOIAPO]2.0.CO;2
4. Brown, C., 1998, 'The ecological status of Western Cape rivers investigated: Shock survey findings', African Wildlife 52, 27-28.
5. Brown, C.A. & Dallas, H.F., 1995, Eerste River, Western Cape: Situation assessment of the riverine ecosystem. Final report, June 1995, Southern Waters Ecological Research and Consultancy, CSIR, Stellenbosch.
6. Brown, C.A. & Magoba, R., 2009, 'Rivers and wetlands of Cape Town', Report No. TT 376/08, Water Research Commission, Pretoria.
7. Campbell, B.M., 1986, 'Montane plant communities of the fynbos biome', Vegetato 66, 3-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044078
8. Chytrý, M., Tichý, L., Holt, J. & Bota-Dukát, Z. 2002, 'Determination of diagnostic species with statistical fidelity measures', Journal of Vegetaton Science 13, 79-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02025.x
9. Cofman, G.C., Ambrose, R.F. & Rundel, P.W., 2010, 'Wildfire promotes dominance of invasive giant reed (Arundo donax) in riparian ecosystems of Mediterranean-type climate regions', Biological Invasions 12, 2723-2734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-009-9677-z
10. Cowling, R.M. (ed.), 1992, The ecology of fynbos. Nutrients, fire and diversity, Oxford University Press, Cape Town.
11. Cowling, R.M. & Holmes, P.M., 1992, 'Flora and vegetation', in R.M. Cowling (ed.), The ecology of fynbos: Nutrients, fire and diversity, pp. 23-61, Oxford University Press, Cape Town.
12. Cowling, R.M., Richardson, D.M. & Mustart, P.J., 1997, 'Fynbos', in R.M. Cowling, D.M. Richardson & S.M. Pierce (eds.), Vegetation of southern Africa, pp. 99-130, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
13. Department of Water Afairs and Forestry (DWAF), 1993, 'Western Cape System Analysis. Water Quality, Volume 1: General', Report No. P G000/00/2891, Cape Town.
14. Department of Water Afairs and Forestry (DWAF), 2004. 'Berg Water Management Area: Internal Strategic Perspectve', Report No. P WMA 19/000/00/0304, Pretoria.
15. Foxcrof, L.C., Rouget, M. & Richardson, D.M., 2007, 'Risk assessment of riparian plant invasions into protected areas', Conservation Biology 21, 412-421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00673.x, PMid:17391191
16. Gaertner, M., Den Breeÿen, A., Hui, C. & Richardson, D.M., 2009, 'Impacts of alien plant invasions on species richness in Mediterranean-type ecosystems: A meta-analysis', Progress in Physical Geography 33, 319-338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133309341607
17. Galatowitsch, S.M. & Richardson, D.M., 2005, 'Riparian scrub recovery after clearing of invasive alien trees in headwater streams of the Western Cape, South Africa', Biological Conservation 122, 509-521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2004.09.008
18. Goldblat, P. & Manning, J.C., 2000, Cape plants: A conspectus of the Cape Flora of South Africa, National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
19. Henderson, L., 2001, Alien weeds and invasive plants: A complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria (ARC- PPRI, PPRI Handbook No. 12).
20. Hill, M.O. & Gauch, H.G. 1980, 'Detrended correspondence analysis: An improved ordination technique', Vegetato 42, 47-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048870
21. Hobbs, R.J., Arico, S., Aronson, J., Baron, J.S., Bridgewater, P., Cramer, V.A. et al., 2006, 'Novel ecosystems: Theoretical and management aspects of the new ecological world order', Global Ecology and Biogeography 15, 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-822X.2006.00212.x
22. Holmes, P.M., Esler, K.J., Richardson, D.M. & Witkowski, E.T.F., 2008, 'Guidelines for improved management of riparian zones invaded by alien plants in South Africa', South African Journal of Botany 74, 538-552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2008.01.182
23. Holmes, P.M., Richardson, D.M., Esler, K.J., Witkowski, E.T.F. & Fourie, S., 2005, 'A decision-making framework for restoring riparian zones degraded by invasive alien plants in South Africa', South African Journal of Science 101, 553-564.
24. Hood, W.G. & Naiman, R.J., 2000, 'Vulnerability of riparian zones to invasion by exotic vascular plants', Plant Ecology 148, 105-114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009800327334
25. King, J.M., 1981, 'The distribution of invertebrate communities in a small South African river', Hydrobiologia 83, 43-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02187150
26. Kruger, F.J., 1978, 'A description of the Fynbos Biome Project', South African National Scientific Programmes Report 28. CSIR, Pretoria.
27. Linder, H.P., 2003, 'The radiation of the Cape fora, southern Africa', Biological Reviews 78, 597-638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1464793103006171, PMid:14700393
28. Linder, H.P., Meadows, M.E. & Cowling, R.M., 1992, 'History of the Cape fora', in R.M. Cowling, (ed.), The ecology of fynbos: Nutrients, fire and diversity, pp. 113-134, Oxford University Press, Cape Town.
29. Manders, P.T. & Richardson, D.M., 1992, 'Colonization of Cape fynbos communities by forest species', Forest Ecology and Management 48, 277-293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(92)90150-8
30. McDonald, D.J., 1988, 'A synopsis of the plant communities of Swartboschkloof, Jonkershoek, Cape Province', Bothalia 18, 233-260.
31. Meek, C.S., Richardson, D.M. & Mucina, L., 2010, 'A river runs through it: Land-use and the composition of vegetation along a riparian corridor in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa', Biological Conservaton 143, 156-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.09.021
32. Mofet, R.O., 2007, 'Name changes in the Old World Rhus and recognition of Searsia (Anacardiaceae)', Bothalia 37, 165-175.
33. Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S. & Dean, L.A., 1954, 'Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate', USDA Circular 939, 1-19.
34. Planty-Tabacchi, A., Tabacchi, E., Naiman, R.J., Deferrari, C. & Decamps, H., 1996, 'Invasibility of species-rich communities in riparian zones', Conservation Biology 10, 598-607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10020598.x
35. Prins, N., Holmes, P.M. & Richardson, D.M., 2004, 'A reference framework for the restoration of riparian vegetation in the Western Cape, South Africa, degraded by invasive Australian Acacias', South African Journal of Botany 70, 767-776.
36. Pyšek, P., Richardson, D.M., Rejmánek, M., Webster, G.L., Williamson, M. & Kirschner, J., 2004, 'Alien plants in checklists and foras: Towards better communication between taxonomists and ecologists', Taxon 53, 131-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4135498
37. Richardson, D.M. & Fraser, M.W., 1995, 'Birds of Swartboskloof, Jonkershoek Valley, Stellenbosch: A mountain fynbos habitat', Southern Birds 18, 1-44.
38. Richardson, D.M., Holmes, P.M., Esler, K.J., Galatowitsch, S.M., Stromberg, J.C., Kirkman, S.P. et al., 2007, 'Riparian vegetation: degradation, alien plant invasions, and restoration prospects', Diversity and Distributions 13, 126-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00314.x
39. Rouget, M., Cowling, R.M., Pressey, R.L. & Richardson, D.M., 2003, 'Identifying spatal components of ecological and evolutionary processes for regional conservation planning in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa', Diversity and Distributons 9, 191-210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00025.x
40. Sieben, E.J.J., 2003, 'The riparian vegetaton of the Hotentots Holland Mountains', PhD Dissertaton, University of Stellenbosch.
41. Sieben, E.J.J., Mucina, L. & Boucher, C., 2009, 'Scaling hierarchy of factors controlling riparian vegetation paiterns of the Fynbos Biome at the Western Cape, South Africa', Journal of Vegetaton Science 20, 17-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.03989.x
42. Sieben, E.J.J. & Reinecke, M.K., 2008, 'Description of reference conditions for restoraton projects of riparian vegetation from the species-rich Fynbos biome', South African Journal of Botany 74, 401-411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2008.01.176
43. Taylor, H.C., 1978, 'Capensis', in M.J.A. Werger (ed.), The biogeography and ecology of southern Africa, pp. 171-230, W. Junk, The Hague. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9951-0_8
44. Ter Braak, C.J.F. & Šmilauer, P., 2002, CANOCO 4.5 Reference manual and Cano Draw for Windows User's guide: Sofware for canonical community ordination, Microcomputer Power, Ithaca, NY.
45. Tichý, L., Chytrý, M. & Zelený, D., JUICE Version 7.0, computer software, viewed n.d. from http://www.sci.muni.cz/botany/juice.htm
46. Van Wilgen, B.W. & Kruger, F.J., 1985, 'The physiography and fynbos vegetation communities of the Zachariashoek catchments, southwestern Cape Province', South African Journal of Botany 51, 379-399.
47. Venter, F. & Venter, J., 1996, Making the most of indigenous trees, Briza Publications, Pretoria.
48. Walkley, A., 1935, 'An examination of methods for determining organic carbon and nitrogen in soils', Journal of Agricultural Science 25, 598-609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600019687
49. Westhof, V. & Van der Maarel, E., 1973, 'The Braun-Blanquet approach', in R.H. Whitaker (ed.), Ordination and classification of communities, pp. 617-726, W. Junk, The Hague. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2701-4_20