Environmentally friendly energetic materials for initiation devices

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 293-328

  Ilyushin, Mikhail A ^a   Tselinsky, Igor V ^a   Shugalei, Irina V ^a  

^a ST PETERSBURG STATE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

Lead azide (LA); Lead styphnate (LS); Low toxicity primary explosives

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY; INDUSTRIAL SCALE; LEAD AZIDE; LEAD-FREE; PRIMARY EXPLOSIVE;

EXPLOSIVES;

MILITARY APPLICATIONS;

EID: 84875235661     PISSN: 17337178     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Baev V.I., Lvov C.N., Shugalei I.V., Influence of the Environment Internal Factors on Warm-blooded Organisms (in Russian), Proc. Conf. "Problems of Military and Emergency Medicine", SPbSPMA, St. Petersburg, 1998, 62-63.
2. Tsvetkova O.B., Shatrova N.M., Scheglov A.N., Storage of Radio Nucleases and Heavy Metals by Basidiomyceties of Forest Ecosystems (in Russian), Bulletin of Institute of Nucleases Investigations, Kiev, 2001, 3(5), 171-176.
3. Ilyushin M.A., Sudarikov A.M., Tselinsky I.V., Metal Complexes in Energetic Formulations (in Russian), (Tselinsky I.V., Ed.), A.S. Pushkin Leningrad State University, St. Petersburg, 2010.
4. Meyer R., Köhler J., Homburg A., Explosives, Handbook and Reference Book, 6 Ed., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2007;
5. Danilov Yu.N., Ilyushin M.A., Tselinsky I.V., Industrial Explosives: Primary Explosives (Text Book) (in Russian), State Inst. of Technol. (Technic. Univ.), 2nd ed., St. Petersburg, 2004.
6. Huynh M.H.V., Hiskey M.A., Meyer T.J., Wetzler M., Green Primaries: Environmentally Friendly Energetic Complexes, Proc. National Academy of Science of the USA, 2006, 103(14), 5409-5412;
7. 2-Ferrate Hierarchies, Proc. National Academy of Science of the USA, 2006, 103(27), 10322-10327.
8. Klapötke T.M., Holl G., The Greening of Explosives and Propellants Using High-energy Nitrogen Chemistry, Green Chemistry, 2001, G75;
9. Steinhauser G., Klapötke T.M., 'Green' Pyrotechnics: A Chemist's Challenge, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2008, 47, 3330-3347;
10. Piercey D.G., Klapötke T.M., Nanoscale Aluminium - Metal Oxides (Thermite) Reactions for Application in Energetic Materials, Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater., 2010, 7(2), 115-129.
11. Danali S.M., Palaiah R.S., Raha K.S., Developments in Pyrotechnics, Defense Science Journal, 2010, 60(2), 152-158;
12. Talawar M.B., Sivabalan R., Mahundan T. et al., Environmentally Compatible Next Generation of 'Green' Energetic Materials (GEMs), J. Hazard. Mater., 2009, 161, 589-607.
13. Thom T., Bichay M., Woods A., Demonstration of DBX-1 as a Green Lead Azide Replacement, Tentative Program 2011 Safe Symposium, October 24-26, Grand Sierra Resort and Casino Reno, Nevada, 2011.
14. Holl G., Klapötke T.M., Polborn K., Reinaeker C., Structure and Bonding in 2-Diazo-4,6-dinitrophenol (DDNP), Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2003, 28(3), 156-161.
15. Zhoui S., Liu J., Xie G., A Discussion on Explosive Materials and Safety, Theory and Practice of Energetic Materials (Huang P., Li S., Wang Y., Eds.), Science Press, Beijing/New York, 2003, V(A), pp. 183-185.
16. th International Seminar and Symposium, 23-27 August 2009, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 2009, 22.
17. Philippov Yu.V., Falyakhov I.F., Gilmanov R.Z., Sharnin G.P., Fedorov O.V., Nesterov A.V., Influence of the Anion Nature on the Properties of Aromatic Diazocompounds (in Russian), Proc. International Scientific and Technical Conference "Modern Problems of Technical Chemistry", Kazan, December 6-8, 2006, 173-175,
18. Falyakhov I.F., Gilmanov R.Z., Nesterov A.V., Fedorov O.V., Khusainov R.M. Development of Manufacturing Technologies for the Preparation of Environmentally Friendly Primary Explosives in the Series of Aromatic Diazocompounds (in Russian), Proc. International Scientific and Technical Conference "Modern Problems of Technical Chemistry" Kazan, December 22-24, 2004, 359-362;
19. Falyakhov I.F., Sharnin G.P., Gilmanov R.Z., Falyakhov M.I., The Status and Prospects of Production Development of Primary Explosives and Their Formulations (in Russian), ibid., 96-98.
20. Mehilal, Sikder A.K., Pawar S., Sikder N., Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal and Explosive Properties of 4,6-Dinitrobenzofuroxan Salts, J. Hazard. Mater., 2002, A90, 221-227;
21. Lur'e B.A., Sinditskii V.P., Smirnov S.P., Thermal Decomposition of 2,4-Dinitrofuroxan and Some of Its Compounds with Metal Hydroxides, Combust., Explos. Shock Waves, 2003, 39(5), 534-543.
22. https://www.exploders.us/Files/pirosprawka2012.pdf (in Russian)
23. Fronabarger J., Williams M., Sanborn W.B., Sitzmann M.E., Bichay M., Preparation, Characterization and Output Testing of Salts 7-Hydroxy-4,6-Dinitrobenzofuroxan, Safe Journal, 2007, 35(1), 14;
24. Fronabarger J., Williams M., Sanborn W.B., Parrish D.A., Bichay M., KDNP - A Lead Free Replacement for Lead Styphnate, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2011, 36(5), 459-470.
25. Ostrovskiy V.A., Koldobskiy G.I., Energetic Tetrazoles (in Russian), Russian Chemical Journal, 1997, 41(2), 84-98.
26. Bubnov P.F., Primary Explosives (in Russian), Moscow: State Publishing House of Defense Industry, 1940.
27. Klapötke T.M., Miro Sabate C., Welth J.M., Alkali Metal 5-Nitrotetrazolate Salts: Prospective Replacements for Service Lead (II) Azide in Explosive Initiators, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2008, (10), 1039-1057.
28. Bichay M., Stern A., Armstrong K. et al., Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, SEPDP Project No PP-1364, New Primary Explosives Development for Medium Caliber Stab Detonators, Final Report, September 2004, 1-31.
29. Bichay M., Hirlinger J. et al., Lead Azide Replacement Program NDIA, Fuze Conference, April 2005, Presentation of NAVSEA, 2005, 1-22.
30. Ilyushin M.A., Kovalenko A.L., Shugalei I.V. et al., Investigation of Fungicidal Properties of Complex Copper (II) Nitrate, (in Russian), VIIIth Scientific Vishnyakov's Talks, Boksitigorsk Leningrad Region - St.Petersburg, March 18, 2005, 1, 170-171.
31. Bichay M.M., Valenta F.J., P-11. Development of DBX-1, a Non-Toxic Lead Azide Replacement, Provisional Book of Abstracts for 36th International Seminar and Symposium, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 23-27 August 2009, 64;
32. Fronabarger J.W., Williams M.D., Sanborn W.B., Bragg J.G., Parrish D.A., Bichay M., DBX-1 - A Lead Free Replacement for Lead Azide, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2011, 36(6), 541-550.
33. Klapötke T.M., Chemistry of High-Energy Materials, Walter de Gruyter & Co, KG, Berlin-New York, 2011;
34. Klapötke T.M., Chemistry of High-Energy Materials, Walter de Gruyter & Co, KG, Berlin-New York, 2nd ed., 2012.
35. Fronabarger J., Williams M., Bichay M., Environmentally Acceptable Alternatives to Existing Primary Explosives, Joint Armaments Conference, Dallas, TX 20 May 2010.
36. Geisberger G., Klapötke T.M., Stierstorfer J., Copper Bis(1-methyl-5- nitriaminotetrazolate): A Promising New Primary Explosive, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2007, 4743-4750.
37. Cudzilo S., Nita M., Primary Explosives from Group of Coordination Compounds (in Polish), Wiadomosci Chemiczne, 2010, 64(3-4), 198-223.
38. Hafenrichter T.J., Tarbell W.W., Fronabarger J.M., Sanborn W.B., Exploding Bridgewire Initiation Characteristics of Several High Explosives, Proc. 31th Intern. Pyrotechnics Seminar, 2004, 707-719.
39. Ilyushin M.A., Tselinsky I.V., Primary Explosives: Status and Prospects (in Russian), Russian Chemical Journal, 1997, 41(4), 3-13.
40. Luebeke P.E., Dickson P.M., Field J.E. An Experimental Study of the Deflagrationto- Detonation Transition in Granular Secondary Explosives, Proc. Royal Society, London, 1995, A448, 439-448.
41. Smirnov A.V., Ilyushin M.A., Tselinsky I.V., Complex Ammine Cobalt (III) Dinitroguanidinates as Energetic Materials (in Russian), VIIth Scientific Vishnyakov's Talks, Boksitigorsk Leningrad Region, April 3, 2004, 112-119.
42. Smirnov A.V., Ilyushin M.A., Tselinsky I.V., Sudarikov A.M., Investigation of Thermal Destruction of Tetrazolate Ammine Cobalt (III) Complexes (in Russian), IXth Scientific Vishnyakov's Talks, Boksitigorsk Leningrad Region - St. Petersburg, March 24, 2006, 1, 196-201.
43. Astrat'yev A.A., Dashko D.V., Kuznetsov L.L., Synthesis and Some Properties of 1,2-Dinitroguanidine, Russ. J. Org. Chem., 2003, 39(4), 501-512.
44. Pepekin V.I., Kostikova L.M., Afanas'ev G.T. Explosive Properties of 1,2-Dinitroguanidine, 35th Int. Annual Conference of ICT, 2004, P 95, 1-6.
45. Ilyushin M.A., Smirnov A.V., Kotomin A.A., Tselinsky I.V, Estimation of Density and Detonation Velocity of Tetrazole Co(III) Complexes, Hanneng Cailiao = Energetic Materials, 1994, 2(1), 16-20.
46. Zhu S., Wu Y., Zhung W., Mu J., Evaluation of a New Primary Explosive: Nickel Hydrazine Nitrate (NHN) Complex, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 1997, 22, 317-320.
47. Chhabra J.S., Talawar M.B., Makashir P.S., Astana S.N., Singh H., Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Studies of (Ni/Co) Metal Salts of Hydrazine: Potential Initiatory Compounds, J. Hazard. Mater., 2003, A99, 225-239;
48. Nair U.R., Astana S.N., Subhananda Rao A., Gandhe B.R., Advance in High Energy Materials, Defense Science Journal, 2010, 60(2), 137-151.
49. Wojewódka A., Belzowski J., Hydrazine Complexes of Transition Metals as Prospective Explosives, Chemik, 2011, 65(1), 24-27.
50. Talavar M.B., Agraval A.P., Anniyappan et al., Primary Explosives: Electrostatic Discharge Initiation, Additive Effect and Its Relation to Thermal and Explosive Characteristics, J. Hazard. Mater., 2006, B137, 1074-1078.
51. Wojewódka A., Belzowski J., Wilk Z., Stas J., Energetic Characteristics of Transition Metal Complexes, J. Hazard. Mater., 2009, 171, 1175-1177.
52. th Intern. Pyrotechnics Seminar, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. July 13-18, 2008, 201-206.
53. Bandman A.L., Volkova N.V., Grekhova T.D. et al., Harmful Chemical Substances. Inorganic Compounds of Elements of V-VIII Groups (in Russian) (Filov V.A., Ed.), Chemistry, Leningrad, 1989.
54. Ilyushin M.A., Tselinsky I.V., Zhilin A.Yu., Ugryumov I.A., Smirnov A.V., Kozlov A.S., Coordination Complexes as Inorganic Explosives for Initiation Systems, Hunneng Cailiao = Energetic Materials, 2004, 12(1), 15-19.
55. Ilyushin M.A., Tselinsky I.V., Ugryumov I.A., Dolmatov V.Yu., Shugalei I.V., Study of Submicron Structured Energetic Coordination Metal Complexes for Laser Initiation Systems, Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater., 2005, 2(1), 21-33.
56. Chernay A.V., Sobolev V.V., Chernay V.A., Ilyushin M.A., Bunchuk Yu.P., Chapter 11, Ignition of Explosives by Pulse Lasers (in Russian), Physics of Impulse Treatment of Materials (Sobolev V.V. Ed.), Dnepropetrovsk, Art-Press, 2003, pp. 267-314.
57. Kennedy J.E, Chapter 11, Spark and Laser Ignition, in: Shock Wave Science and Technology, Reference Library. Vol. 5: Non-Shock Initiation of Explosives (Asay B.W. Ed.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 2010, pp. 583-605.
58. Kennedy J.E., Thomas K.A., Early J.W., Lester C.S., Garcia I.A., Burnside N.J., Mechanisms of Exploding Bridgewire and Direct Laser Initiation of Low Density PETN, Proc. 29th International Pyrotechnics Seminar, IPSUSA, Inc., July 2002, 781-785.
59. th, Pardubice, Czech Republic, April 22-24, 2003, 241-247.
60. th, Pardubice, Czech Republic, April 20-22, 2004, Part 1, 165-174.
61. th, Pardubice, Czech Republic, April 19-21, 2006, Part 2, 602-607.
62. Bagal L.I. Chemistry and Technology of Primary Explosives (in Russian), Mashinostroenie, 1975.
63. Chernay A.V., Ilyushin M.A., Sobolev V.V., Chernay V.A., Primary Explosive Formulation (in Ukrainian), Ukrainian Patent No 52997 ?2, (Cl ?06B45/00), 2006.
64. th Int. Pyrotechnics Seminar, Fort Collins. Colorado. USA, July 13-18, 2008, 423-428.
65. Fisgher D., Klapötke T.M., Piercey D.J., Stierstorfer J., Copper Salts of Halo Tetrazoles: Light-Ignitable Primary Explosives, J. Energ. Mater., 2012, 30, 40-54.
66. Ilyushin M.A., Tselinsky I.V., Petrova N.A., Chernai A.V., Zemlaykov N.D., Salts of Perchlorylamide as a Novel Class of Light-Sensitive Explosive for Laser Initiation, Hanneng Cailiao = Energetic Materials, 1999, 7(3), 122-123.
67. Rosolovskiy V.Ya., Kolesnikov I.V., About Some Properties of Metal Salts of Perchlorylamide (in Russian), Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 1968, 13(1), 180-184.
68. Klapötke T.M., Miro Sabate C., Less Sensitive Transition Metal Salts of the 5-Nitrotetrazolate Anion, Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater., 2010, 7(2), 161-173.
69. Klapötke T.M., Mayer P., Polborn K., Stierstorfer J., Weigand J.J., 5,5'-Bis- (1H-tetrazolyl)amine (H2bta) and 5,5'-Bis-(2-methyl-tetrazolyl)amine (Me2bta): Promising Ligand in New Copper Based Priming Charges (PC), 37th Int. Annual Conference of ICT, 2006, P134, 1-14.
70. Ilyushin M.A., Petrova N.A., Tselinsky I.V., The Correlation Between Thermal Decomposition and Laser Ignition Parameters for Complexes of HAT, Hunneng Cailiao = Energetic Materials, 1993, 1(4), 41-43.
71. Cudzilo S., Szmigielski R., Synthesis and Investigations of Some Di-(R-1,2,4- triazolato)Copper(II) Perchlorates (in Polish), Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej, 2000, 49(12), 5-17.
72. Chernay A.V., Sobolev V.V., Chernay V.A., Ilyushin M.A., Dlugashek A., Laser Ignition of Explosive Compositions Based on Di-(3-hydrazino-4-amino-1,2,4- triazole)-Copper(II) Perchlorate, Combust., Explos. Shock Waves, 2003, 39(3), 335-339.