Evidence for a long-term strength threshold in crystalline rock

Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering

Volumn 43, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 513-531

  Damjanac, Branko ^a   Fairhurst, Charles ^a  

^a ITASCA CONSULTING GROUP   (United States)

Author keywords

Brittle; Compression; Fracture; Long term; Strength; Threshold

Indexed keywords

BRITTLE; COMPRESSIVE LOADING; LONG-TERM; MECHANICAL RESPONSE; STRENGTH; THRESHOLD; UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; UNDERGROUND DISPOSAL;

BRITTLE FRACTURE; COMPACTION; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; CRYSTALLINE ROCKS; FRACTURE; RADIOACTIVE WASTES; SILICATES; STRESS CORROSION CRACKING;

ROCKS;

EID: 84875231545     PISSN: 07232632     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00603-010-0090-9     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Charles RJ (1959) The strength of silicate glasses and some crystalline oxides. In: Proceedings of international conference on fracture. MIT Press, Cambridge, pp 225-250
2. Crouch SL (1967) Development of an instrument for the experimental determination of stresses in surface rock. M.S. Thesis, University of Minnesota, Mineral Engineering. l. illus., plans (2 fold in pocket), July, 85 p
3. Cruden DM (1970) A theory of brittle creep in rock under uniaxial compression. J Geophys Res 75:3431-3442
4. Cruden DM (1971) The Form of the Creep Law for Rock under Uniaxial Compression. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 8:105-126
5. Cruden DM (1974) The static fatigue of brittle rock under uniaxial compression. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 11:67-73
6. Cruden DM (1983) Long term behaviour in compression of Lac du Bonnet Granite, Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd., Technical Record 211, Chalk River, Ontario, 15 p
7. Diederichs MS (2007) Mechanistic interpretation and practical application of damage and spalling prediction criteria for deep tunneling. Can Geotech J 44:1082-1116 (Pubitemid 351268210)
8. Eberhardt E, Stimpson B, Stead D (1999) The influence of mineralogy on the initiation of microfractures in granite. In: Vouille G, Bérest P (eds) Proceedings of 9th ISRM congress on rock mechanics (Paris, 1999). Lisse, Balkema, pp 1007-1010 (Pubitemid 32593322)
9. Einstein HH, Meyer T (1999) Müller lecture: puzzles in rock. In: Vouille G, Bérest P (eds) Proceedings of 9th ISRM congress on rock mechanics (Paris, 1999), vol 3. Lisse, Balkema
10. Everitt RA, Brown A (1992) Geological mapping of AECL's underground research laboratory. A cross section of thrust faults and associated fractures in the roof zone of an Archean Batholith. In: Meyer LR (ed) International symposium on fractured and jointed rock masses, Lake Tahoe (ISRM Regional Conference, Lake Tahoe, June 1992), vol 1. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California, pp 1-11 (Pre-prints)
11. Fairhurst C (1971) Fundamental considerations relating to the strength of rock. In: Colloquium on rock fracture, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany, Veröff. Inst. Bodenmechanik und Felsmechanik (Karlsruhe), vol 55, pp 1-56 (pdf version also obtainable from Itasca website http://itascacg.com/about/ff. php)
12. Fairhurst C, Cook N (1966) The phenomenon of rock splitting parallel to the direction of maximum compression in the neighborhood of a surface. In: Zeitlen JG (ed) Proceedings of first congress of the International Society of Rock Mechanics (Lisbon, September-October 1966), vol 1. LNEC, Lisbon, pp 687-692
13. Freiman SW (1984) Effect of chemical environments on slow crack growth in glasses and ceramics. J Geophys Res 89(B6):4072-4076
14. Germanovich LN, Dyskin AV (2000) Fracture mechanisms and instability of openings in compression. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 37:263-284 (Pubitemid 30627083)
15. Germanovich LN, Salganik RL, Dyskin AV, Leer KK (1994) Mechanisms of brittle fracture of rock with pre-existing cracks in compression. PAGEOPH 143(1/2/3):117-149
16. Germanovich LN, Astakhov DK, Mayerhofer MJ, Shlyapobersky J, Ring LM (1997) Hydraulic fracture with multiple segments. 1. Observations and Model Formation. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 34(3-4), Paper No. 00097
17. Gordon RG (2000) Diffuse oceanic plate boundaries: strain rates, vertically averaged rheology, and comparisons with narrow plate boundaries and stable plate interiors. In: Richards M et al (eds) History and dynamics of global plate motions. American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., pp 143-159
18. Griffith AA (1921) The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids. Phil Trans R Soc Ser A 221:163-198
19. Griffith AA (1924) The theory of rupture. In: Proceedings of 1st international congress on applied mechanics, pp 55-63
20. Griggs DT (1939) Creep of rocks. J Geol 47:225-251
21. Hallbauer DK, Wagner H, Cook NGW (1973) Some observations concerning the microscopic and mechanical behaviour of quartzite specimens in stiff, triaxial compression tests. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 10:713-726
22. Heidbach O, Tingay M, Barth A, Reinecker J, Kurfeß D, Müller B (2008) The 2008 release of the world stress map. http://www.world-stress-map. org
23. Hoek E, Bieniawski ZT (1966) Fracture propagation mechanism in hard rock. In: Zeitlen JG (ed) Proceedings of first congress of the international society of rock mechanics (Lisbon, September-October 1966), vol 1. LNEC, Lisbon, pp 243-249
24. Hoek E, Brown ET (1982) Underground excavations in rock. Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London, 527 pp
25. Inglis CE (1913) Stresses in a plate due to the presence of cracks and sharp corners. Trans Inst Naval Archit Lond 1(3):219-230
26. Jaeger JK, Cook NGW (1969) Fundamentals of rock mechanics, 1st edn, chap 11. et seq. Methuen, London, p 282
27. Kranz RL, Scholz CH (1977) Critical dilatant volume of rocks at the onset of tertiary creep. J Geophys Res 82(30):4893-4898
28. Lajtai EZ, Bielus LP (1968) Stress corrosion cracking of Lac du Bonnet Granite in tension and compression. Rock Mech Rock Eng 19:71-87
29. Lau JSO, Gorski B, Conlon B, Anderson T (2000) Long-term loading tests on saturated granite and granodiorite, CANMET Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Report No. 06819-REP-01300-10016 R00, November
30. Martel SJ (2006) Effect of topographic curvature on near-surface stresses and application to sheeting joints. Geophys Res Lett 33:L01308
31. Martin CD (1997) The effect of cohesion loss and stress path on brittle rock strength. Can Geotech J 34:698-725
32. Martin CD, Read RS, Long PA (1990) Seven years of in situ stress measurements at the URL - an overview. In: Hustrulid WA, Johnson CA (eds) Rock mechanics contributions and challenges (31st U.S. rock mechanics symposium). Rotterdam, Balkema
33. Martin CD, Kaiser PK, Christiansson R (2003) Stress, instability and design of underground excavations. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 40:1027-1047 (Pubitemid 37307441)
34. Matsushima S (1960) On the flow and fracture of igneous rocks. Disaster Prevent Res Inst Kyoto Univ Bull 36:2-9
35. Orowan E (1944) The fatigue of glass under stress. Nature 154:341-343
36. Orowan E (1949) Fracture and strength of solids. Rep Prog Phys 12:185-232
37. Ortlepp WD (1997) Rock fracture and rockbursts - an illustrative study. SAIMM, Johannesburg
38. Palaniswamy K, Knauss WG (1978) On the problem of crack extension in brittle solids under general loading. In: Nemat-Nasser S (ed) Mechanics Today, vol 4, pp 87-148 (Pubitemid 9390280)
39. Potyondy DO (2007) Simulating stress corrosion with a bonded-particle model for rock. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 44:677-691
40. Schmidtke RH, Lajtai EZ (1985) The long-term strength of Lac du Bonnet Granite. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 22:461-465 (Pubitemid 16473816)
41. Scholz CH (1968) Mechanism of creep in brittle rock. J Geophys Res 73(10):3295-3302
42. Scholz CH (1972) Static fatigue of quartz. J Geophys Res 77(11):2104
43. Scholz CH (2002) The mechanics of earthquakes and faulting, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 471 p
44. Senseny PE, Hansen FD, Russell JE, Carter NL, Handin JW (1992) Mechanical behaviour of rock salt: phenomenology and micromechanisms. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 29(4):363-378
45. Shapiro NM, Ritzwoller MH, Mareschal JC, Jaupart C (2004) Lithospheric structure of the Canadian Shield inferred from inversion of surface-wave dispersion with thermodynamic a priori constraints. Geolog Soc Lond Spec Publ 239:175-194 (Pubitemid 40290043)
46. Wang G (2004) A new constitutive creep-damage model for salt rock and its characteristics. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 41(3):SINOROCK2004, Paper 1A-11
47. Wawersik WR, Stone CM (1989) A characterization of pressure records in inelastic rock demonstrated by hydraulic fracturing measurements in salt. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 26(6):613-627 (Pubitemid 20675837)
48. Wesseloo J, Stacey TR (2006) Updated in situ database for Southern Africa. In: Lu M et al (eds) Proceedings of the symposium: in situ rock stress - measurement, interpretation and application (Trondheim, Norway, June 2006), pp 467-471
49. Wileveau Y, Cornet FH, Desroches J, Blümling P (2007) Complete in situ stress determination in an argillite sedimentary formation. Phys Chem Earth 32:866-878 (Pubitemid 46394297)
50. Wong LNY, Einstein HH (2009) Crack coalescence in molded gypsum and carrara marble: part 1. Macroscopic observations and interpretation; Part 2 microscopic observations and interpretation. Rock Mech Rock Eng 42(3)