Rupture to the Trench: Dynamic rupture simulations of the 11 march 2011 Tohoku earthquake

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

Volumn 103, Issue 2 B, 2013, Pages 1275-1289

  Kozdon, Jeremy E ^a   Dunham, Eric M ^b  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Stanford University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2011 TOHOKU EARTHQUAKES; FRICTIONAL PROPERTIES; LOGARITHMIC DEPENDENCE; MATERIAL INTERFACES; RATE-AND-STATE FRICTIONS; SEAFLOOR DEFORMATION; SENSITIVITY TO PARAMETERS; THERMAL PRESSURIZATION;

EARTHQUAKES; FRICTION; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; INTERFACES (MATERIALS); VELOCITY;

FAULTING;

COMPUTER SIMULATION; COSEISMIC PROCESS; DISPLACEMENT; EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE; FAULT; GPS; SEAFLOOR; SEISMIC WAVE; SUBDUCTION ZONE; TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE 2011;

HONSHU; JAPAN; JAPAN TRENCH; PACIFIC OCEAN; TOHOKU;

EID: 84875229664     PISSN: 00371106     EISSN: 19433573     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1785/0120120136     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Brune, J. N. (1996). Particle motions in a physical model of shallow angle thrust faulting, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 105, no. 2, 197-206, doi: 10.1007/BF02876014.
2. Byrne, D., D. M. Davis, and L. R. Sykes (1988). Loci and maximum size of thrust earthquakes and themechanics of the shallow region of subduction zones, Tectonics 7, no. 4, 833-857, doi: 10.1029/TC007i004p00833.
3. Carpenter, M. H., D. Gottlieb, and S. Abarbanel (1994). Time-stable boundary conditions for finite-difference schemes solving hyperbolic systems: Methodology and application to high-order compact schemes, J. Comp. Phys. 111, no. 2, 220-236, doi: 10.1006/jcph.1994.1057.
4. Cocco, M., and J. R. Rice (2002). Pore pressure and poroelasticity effects in Coulomb stress analysis of earthquake interactions, J. Geophys. Res. 107, no. B2, 2030, doi: 10.1029/2000JB000138.
5. Cochard, A., and J. R. Rice (2000). Fault rupture between dissimilar materials: Ill-posedness, regularization and slip-pulse response, J. Geophys. Res. 105, no. B11, 25,891-25,907, doi: 10.1029/2000JB900230.
6. den Hartog, S. A., C. J. Peach, D. M. de Winter, C. J. Spiers, and T. Shimamoto (2012). Frictional properties of megathrust fault gouges at low sliding velocities: New data on effects of normal stress and temperature, J. Struct. Geol. 38, 156-171, doi: 10.1016/j.jsg.2011. 12.001.
7. Dmowska, R., and B. V. Kostrov (1973). A shearing crack in a half-space under plane strain conditions, Arch. Mech. 25, no. 3, 421-440.
8. Dmowska, R., and J. R. Rice (1986). Fracture theory and its seismological applications, in Continuum Theories in Solid Earth Physics, PWNPolish Scientific Publishers, Warsaw, Poland, 187-225.
9. w 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake: Roles of a possible subducting seamount, J. Geophys. Res. 117, B05311, doi: 10.1029/2011JB009124.
10. Dunham, E. M., and R. J. Archuleta (2005). Near-source ground motion from steady state dynamic rupture pulses, Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L03302, doi: 10.1029/2004GL021793.
11. Dunham, E. M., and J. E. Kozdon (2011). Rupture dynamics of subduction megathrust earthquakes, Abstract T31E-05 presented at 2011 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, California, 5-9 December 2011.
12. Dunham, E. M., and J. R. Rice (2008). Earthquake slip between dissimilar poroelastic materials, J. Geophys. Res. 113, B09304, doi: 10.1029/ 2007JB005405.
13. Eshelby, J. D. (1969). The elastic field of a crack extending non-uniformly under general anti-plane loading, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 17, no. 3, 177-199, doi: 10.1016/0022-5096(69)90032-5.
14. Faulkner, D. R., T. M. Mitchell, J. Behnsen, T. Hirose, and T. Shimamoto (2011). Stuck in the mud? Earthquake nucleation and propagation through accretionary forearcs, Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, L18303, doi: 10.1029/2011GL048552.
15. Fossum, A. F., and L. B. Freund (1975). Nonuniformly moving shear crack model of a shallow focus earthquake mechanism, J. Geophys. Res. 80, no. 23, 3343-3347, doi: 10.1029/JB080i023p03343.
16. Fujiwara, T., S. Kodaira, T. No, Y. Kaiho, N. Takahashi, and Y. Kaneda (2011). The 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake: Displacement reaching the trench axis, Science 334, no. 6060, doi: 10.1126/science.1211554.
17. Goto, H., Y. Yamamoto, and S. Kita (2012). Dynamic rupture simulation of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake: Multi-event generation within dozens of seconds, Earth Planets Space, 1-9, doi: 10.5047/eps.2012.06.002.
18. Hsu, Y., M. Simons, J. Avouac, J. Galetzka, K. Sieh, M. Chlieh, D. Natawidjaja, L. Prawirodirdjo, and Y. Bock (2006). Frictional afterslip following the 2005 Nias-Simeulue earthquake, Sumatra, Science 312, no. 5782, 1921-1926, doi: 10.1126/science.1126960.
19. Hyndman, R. D., M. Yamano, and D. A. Oleskevich (1997). The seismogenic zone of subduction thrust faults, Island Arc 6, no. 3, 244-260, doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1738.1997.tb00175.x.
20. w 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake, Science 332, no. 6036, 1426-1429, doi: 10.1126/science.1207020.
21. Ikari, M. J., D. M. Saffer, and C. Marone (2009). Frictional and hydrologic properties of clay-rich fault gouge, J. Geophys. Res. 114, B05409, doi: 10.1029/2008JB006089.
22. Ito, Y., T. Tsuji, Y. Osada, M. Kido, D. Inazu, Y. Hayashi, H. Tsushima, R. Hino, and H. Fujimoto (2011). Frontal wedge deformation near the source region of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, L00G05, doi: 10.1029/2011GL048355.
23. w 9.0 2011 offshore-Tohoku earthquake, Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 310, no. 3-4, 462-467, doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.08.039.
24. Kido, M., Y. Osada, H. Fujimoto, R. Hino, and Y. Ito (2011). Trench-normal variation in observed seafloor displacements associated with the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, L24303, doi: 10.1029/2011GL050057.
25. Kodaira, S., T. No, Y. Nakamura, T. Fujiwara, Y. Kaiho, S. Miura, N. Takahashi, Y. Kaneda, and A. Taira (2012). Coseismic fault rupture at the trench axis during the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake, Nature Geosci. 5, no. 9, 646-650, doi: 10.1038/ngeo1547.
26. Kozdon, J. E., and E. M. Dunham (2011). Rupture to the trench in dynamic models of the Tohoku-Oki earthquake, Abstract U51B-0041 presented at 2011 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, California, 5-9 December 2011.
27. Kozdon, J. E., E. M. Dunham, and J. Nordström (2012). Simulation of dynamic earthquake ruptures in complex geometries using high-order finite difference methods, J. Sci. Comp, in press, doi: 10.1007/s10915-012-9624-5.
28. Kreiss, H., and G. Scherer (1974). Finite element and finite difference methods for hyperbolic partial differential equations, in Mathematical aspects of finite elements in partial differential equations; Proceedings of the Symposium, Madison, Wisconsin, 195-212.
29. Lapusta, N., J. R. Rice, Y. Ben-Zion, and G. Zheng (2000). Elastodynamic analysis for slow tectonic loading with spontaneous rupture episodes on faults with rate-and state-dependent friction, J. Geophys. Res. 105, 23,765-23,789, doi: 10.1029/2000JB900250.
30. Ma, S. (2012). A self-consistent mechanism for slow dynamic deformation and tsunami generation for earthquakes in the shallow subduction zone, Geophys. Res. Lett. 39, no. 11, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051854.
31. Madariaga, R. (2003). Radiation froma finite reverse fault in a half space, Pure. Appl. Geophys. 160, no. 3-4, 555-577, doi: 10.1007/PL00012550.
32. Maeda, T., T. Furumura, S. Sakai, and M. Shinohara (2011). Significant tsunami observed at ocean-bottom pressure gauges during the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake, Earth Planets Space 63, 803-808, doi: 10.5047/eps.2011.06.005.
33. Marone, C., and C. H. Scholtz (1988). The depth of seismic faulting and the upper transition from stable to unstable slip regimes, Geophys. Res. Lett. 15, no. 6, 621-624, doi: 10.1029/GL015i006p00621.
34. Matsubara, M., and K. Obara (2011). The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake related to a strong velocity gradient with the Pacific plate, Earth Planets Space 63, 663-667, doi: 10.5047/ eps.2011.05.018.
35. Mitsui, Y., N. Kato, Y. Fukahata, and K. Hirahara (2012). Megaquake cycle at the Tohoku subduction zone with thermal fluid pressurization near the surface, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 325, 21-26, doi: 10.1016/ j.epsl.2012.01.026.
36. Miura, S., N. Takahashi, A. Nakanishi, A. Ito, S. Kodaira, T. Tsuru, and Y. Kaneda (2001). Seismic velocity structure off Miyagi fore-arc region, Japan Trench, using ocean bottom seismographic data, Frontier Res. Earth Evolut. 1, 337-340.
37. Miura, S., N. Takahashi, A. Nakanishi, T. Tsuru, S. Kodaira, and Y. Kaneda (2005). Structural characteristics off Miyagi forearc region, the Japan Trench seismogenic zone, deduced from a wide-angle reflection and refraction study, Tectonophys 407, no. 3-4, 165-188, doi: 10.1016/ j.tecto.2005.08.001.
38. Moore, J. C., and D. Saffer (2001). Updip limit of the seismogenic zone beneath the accretionary prism of southwest Japan: An effect of diagenetic to low-grade metamorphic processes and increasing effective stress, Geology 29, no. 2, 183-186, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0183: ULOTSZ>2.0.CO;2.
39. Mori, J., F. M. Chester, N. Eguchi, and S. Toczko (2012). Japan Trench Fast Earthquake Drilling Project (JFAST), IODP Sci. Prosp. 343, doi: 10.2204/iodp.sp.343.2012.
40. Noda, H., and N. Lapusta (2011). Rich fault behavior due to combined effect of rate strengthening friction at low slip rates and coseismic weakening: Implications for Chi-Chi and Tohoku earthquakes, Abstract T42C-03 presented at 2011 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, California, 5-9 December 2011.
41. Oglesby, D. D., R. J. Archuleta, and S. B. Nielsen (1998). Earthquakes on dipping faults: The effects of broken symmetry, Science 280, no. 5366, 1055-1059, doi: 10.1126/science.280.5366.1055.
42. Ozawa, S., T. Nishimura, H. Suito, T. Kobayashi, M. Tobita, and T. Imakiire (2011). Coseismic and postseismic slip of the 2011 magnitude-9 Tohoku-Oki earthquake, Nature 475, 373-376, doi: 10.1038/nature10227.
43. Prakash, V. (1998). Frictional response of sliding interfaces subjected to time varying normal pressures, J. Tribol. 120, no. 1, 97-102, doi: 10.1115/ 1.2834197.
44. Prakash, V., and R. J. Clifton (1993). Time resolved dynamic friction measurements in pressure-shear, in Experimental Techniques in the Dynamics of Deformable Solids, A. K. T. Ramesh (Editor), Appl. Mech. Div., ASME, New York, 33-48.
45. Ranjith, K., and J. R. Rice (2001). Slip dynamics at an interface between dissimilar materials, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 49, no. 2, 341-361, doi: 10.1016/S0022-5096(00)00029-6.
46. Rice, J. R. (1992). Fault stress states, pore pressure distributions, and the weakness of the San Andreas fault, in Fault Mechanics and Transport Properties in Rocks, edited by B. Evans and T.-F. Wong, Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, 475-503.
47. Rice, J. R., and M. P. Cleary (1976). Some basic stress diffusion solutions for fluid-saturated elastic porous media with compressible constituents, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 14, no. 2, 227-241, doi: 10.1029/ RG014i002p00227.
48. Rice, J. R., N. Lapusta, and K. Ranjith (2001). Rate and state dependent friction and the stability of sliding between elastically deformable solids, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 49, no. 9, 1865-1898, doi: 10.1016/S0022-5096(01)00042-4
49. Rudnicki, J.W., and J. R. Rice (2006). Effective normal stress alteration due to pore pressure changes induced by dynamic slip propagation on a plane between dissimilar materials, J. Geophys. Res. 111, B10308, doi: 10.1029/2006JB004396.
50. Rudnicki, J. W., and M. Wu (1995). Mechanics of dip-slip faulting in an elastic half-space, J. Geophys. Res. 100, no. B11, 22,173-22,186, doi: 10.1029/95JB02246.
51. Saffer, D. M., and C. Marone (2003). Comparison of smectite-and illite-rich gouge frictional properties: Application to the updip limit of the seismogenic zone along subduction megathrusts, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 215, no. 1-2, 219-235, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00424-2.
52. Saffer, D. M., and H. J. Tobin (2011). Hydrogeology and mechanics of subduction zone forearcs: Fluid flow and pore pressure, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 39, 157-186, doi: 10.1146/annurev-earth-040610-133408.
53. Sato, M., T. Ishikawa, N. Ujihara, S. Yoshida, M. Fujita, M. Mochizuki, and A. Asada (2011). Displacement above the hypocenter of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake, Science 332, no. 6036, doi: 10.1126/science.1207401.
54. Savage, J. C. (1965). The stopping phase on seismograms, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 55, no. 1, 47-58.
55. Shibazaki, B., T. Matsuzawa, A. Tsutsumi, K. Ujiie, A. Hasegawa, and Y. Ito (2011). 3D modeling of the cycle of a great Tohoku-Oki earthquake, considering frictional behavior at low to high slip velocities, Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, L21305, doi: 10.1029/2011GL049308.
56. Strand, B. (1994). Summation by parts for finite difference approximations for d=dx, J. Comp. Phys. 110, no. 1, 47-67, doi: 10.1006/jcph.1994.1005.
57. Ujiie, K., and A. Tsutsumi (2010). High-velocity frictional properties of clay-rich fault gouge in a megasplay fault zone, Nankai subduction zone, Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, L24310, doi: 10.1029/2010GL046002.
58. Wang, H. F. (2000). Theory of Linear Poroelasticity with Applications to Geomechanics and Hydrogeology, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
59. Vrolijk, P. (1990). On the mechanical role of smectite in subduction zones, Geol. 18, no. 8, 703-707, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0703: OTMROS>2.3.CO;2.
60. w 9.1), Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, L00G09, doi: 10.1029/2011GL048700.
61. Zumberge, J. F., M. B. Heflin, D. C. Jefferson, M. M. Watkins, and F. H. Webb (1997). Precise point positioning for the efficient and robust analysis of GPS data from large networks, J. Geophys. Res. 102, no. B3, 5005-5017, doi: 10.1029/96JB03860.