Effects of flow regime alteration on fluvial habitats and riparian quality in a semiarid Mediterranean basin

Ecological Indicators

Volumn 30, Issue , 2013, Pages 52-64

  Belmar, Oscar ^a   Bruno, Daniel ^a   Martínez Capel, Francisco ^b   Barquín, José ^c   Velasco, Josefa ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MURCIA   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE VALÈNCIA   (Spain)

^c ENVIRONMENTAL HYDRAULICS INSTITUTE IH CANTABRIA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Ecological indicators; Habitat modification; Hydrologic alteration indicators; Riparian zone

Indexed keywords

ARID AND SEMI-ARID AREAS; ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS; HABITAT MODIFICATION; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATIONS; INDICATORS OF HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION (IHA); MEDITERRANEAN BASIN; NATURAL FLOW REGIME; RIPARIAN ZONES;

ECOSYSTEMS;

RIVERS;

ASSESSMENT METHOD; BIOINDICATOR; ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS; FLOW STABILITY; HABITAT TYPE; HUMAN ACTIVITY; INDEX METHOD; INVASIVE SPECIES; MACROPHYTE; MAGNITUDE; NATIVE SPECIES; PRESSURE EFFECT; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; RIPARIAN ZONE; RIVER FLOW; SEMIARID REGION; TORRENT; VEGETATION STRUCTURE;

EUROPE; MEDITERRANEAN REGION; SEGURA BASIN; SPAIN;

EID: 84875201414     PISSN: 1470160X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.01.042     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. M.J. Anderson, R.N. Gorley, and K.R. Clarke PERMANOVA+ for PRIMER: Guide to Software and Statistical Methods 2008 PRIMER-E Plymouth, UK
2. A.H. Arthington, S.E. Bunn, N.L. Poff, and R.J. Naiman The challenge of providing environmental flow rules to sustain river ecosystems Ecol. Appl. 16 2006 1311 1318 (Pubitemid 44223208)
3. R. Balestrini, M. Cazzola, and A. Buffagni Characterising hydromorphological features of selected Italian rivers: a comparative application of environmental indices Hydrobiologia 516 2004 365 379 (Pubitemid 39001117)
4. J. Barquín, D. Fernández, M. Álvarez-Cabria, and F. Peñas Riparian quality and habitat heterogeneity assessment in Cantabrian rivers Limnetica 30 2011 329 346
5. R.J. Batalla, C.M. Gómez, and G.M. Kondolf Reservoir-induced hydrological changes in the Ebro River basin (NE Spain) J. Hydrol. 290 2004 117 136 (Pubitemid 38431113)
6. O. Belmar, J. Velasco, C. Gutiérrez-Cánovas, A. Mellado-Díaz, A. Millán, and P.J. Wood The influence of natural flow regimes on macroinvertebrate assemblages in a semiarid Mediterranean basin Ecohydrology 2012 10.1002/eco.1274
7. O. Belmar, J. Velasco, and F. Martínez-Capel Hydrological classification of natural flow regimes to support environmental flow assessments in intensively regulated Mediterranean rivers, Segura River basin (Spain) Environ. Manage. 47 2011 992 1004
8. O. Belmar, J. Velasco, F. Martínez-Capel, and A.A. Marin Natural flow regime, degree of alteration and environmental flows in the Mula stream (Segura River basin, SE Spain) Limnetica 29 2010 353 368
9. A.S. Birken, and D.J. Cooper Processes of Tamarix invasion and floodplain development along the lower Green River, Utah Ecol. Appl. 16 2006 1103 1120 (Pubitemid 44066072)
10. S.J. Blanch, G.G. Ganf, and K.F. Walker Tolerance of riverine plants to flooding and exposure indicated by water regime Regul. Rivers: Res. Manage. 15 1999 43 62
11. D. Boix, E. García-Berthou, S. Gascón, L. Benejam, E. Tornes, J. Sala, J. Benito, A. Munné, C. Sola, and S. Sabater Response of community structure to sustained drought in Mediterranean rivers J. Hydrol. 383 2010 135 146 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.01.014
12. J.H. Braatne, S.B. Rood, L.A. Goater, and C.L. Blair Analyzing the impacts of dams on riparian ecosystems: a review of research strategies and their relevance to the Snake River through Hells Canyon Environ. Manage. 41 2008 267 281
13. M.A. Brock, S.J. Capon, and J.L. Porter Disturbance of plant communities dependent on desert rivers R. Kingsford, Ecology of Desert Rivers 2006 Cambridge University Press Cambridge, UK 100 132
14. S.E. Bunn, and A.H. Arthington Basic principles and ecological consequences of altered flow regimes for aquatic biodiversity Environ. Manage. 30 2002 492 507 10.1007/s00267-002-2737-0 (Pubitemid 36929396)
15. M. Burke, K. Jorde, and J.M. Buffington Application of a hierarchical framework for assessing environmental impacts of dam operation: changes in streamflow, bed mobility and recruitment of riparian trees in a western North American river J. Environ. Manage. 90 2009 S224 S236
16. CEH Anuario de aforos 2012 http://hercules.cedex.es/anuarioaforos/ default.asp (last accessed: 01.09.13)
17. CHS, 2005. Demarcación Hidrográfica del Segura. Informe de los artículos 5, 6 y 7 de la DMA. Versión 3. Confederación Hidrográfica del Segura (Ministry for the Environment). http://www.chsegura.es/chs/planificacionydma/dma/implementacion/ informearticulos567/index.html (last accessed 10.14.12).
18. CHS Estudio general sobre la Demarcación Hidrográfica del Segura 2007 Confederación Hidrográfica del Segura (Ministry for the Environment) http://www.chsegura.es/export/descargas/planificacionydma/ planificacion/docsdescarga/Estudio-general-de-la-Demarcacion-V4.pdf (last accessed 10.14.12)
19. K.R. Clarke, and R.N. Gorley PRIMER v6: User Manual/Tutorial 2006 PRIMER-E Plymouth, UK
20. J. Cotton, G. Wharton, J. Bass, C. Heppell, and R. Wotton The effects of seasonal changes to in-stream vegetation cover on patterns of flow and accumulation of sediment Geomorphology 77 2006 320 334 (Pubitemid 43906146)
21. M.D. Dixon, and W.C. Johnson Riparian vegetation along the middle Snake River, Idaho: Zonation, geographical trends, and historical changes Great Basin Nat. 59 1999 18 34 (Pubitemid 29097004)
22. Environment Agency River Habitat Survey in Britain and Ireland. Field Survey Guidance Manual: 2003 Version 2003 http://www.irpi.to.cnr.it/documenti/ RHS%20manual%202003.PDF (last accessed 10.14.12)
23. S. Erba, A. Buffagni, N. Holmes, M. O'Hare, P. Scarlett, and A. Stenico Preliminary testing of River Habitat Survey features for the aims of the WFD hydro-morphological assessment: an overview from the STAR Project Hydrobiologia 566 2006 281 296 (Pubitemid 44078673)
24. W.D. Erskine, N. Terrazzolo, and R.F. Warner River rehabilitation from the hydrogeomorphic impacts of a large hydro-electric power project: Snowy River, Australia Regul. Rivers: Res. Manage. 15 1999 3 24
25. J.A. Falcone, D.M. Carlisle, and L.C. Weber Quantifying human disturbance in watersheds: variable selection and performance of a GIS-based disturbance index for predicting the biological condition of perennial streams Ecol. Indic. 10 2010 264 273 10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.05.005
26. J.A. Falcone, D.M. Carlisle, D.M. Wolock, and M.R. Meador GAGES: a stream gage database for evaluating natural and altered flow conditions in the conterminous United States Ecology 91 2010 621
27. J.M. Friedman, W.R. Osterkamp, M.L. Scott, and G.T. Auble Downstream effects of dams on channel geometry and bottomland vegetation: regional patterns in the Great Plains Wetlands 18 1998 619 633 (Pubitemid 29278093)
28. R.H. Froend, and P.G. Van Der Moezel The impact of prolonged flooding on the vegetation of Coomalbidgup Swamp, Western Australia J. R. Soc. Western Aust. 77 1994 15 22
29. V. Garófano-Gómez, F. Martínez-Capel, W. Bertoldi, A. Gurnell, J. Estornell, and F. Segura-Beltrán Six decades of changes in the riparian corridor of a Mediterranean river: a synthetic analysis based on historical data sources Ecohydrology 2012 10.1002/eco.1330
30. B. Gawne, D. Balswin, G. Beattie, T. Bowen, I. Ellis, J. Frankenberg, Z. Lorenz, C. Merrick, R. Oliver, S. Treadwell, D. Williams, and G. Rees Ecological functioning of lowland river ecosystems CRC Freshw. Ecol. 2000
31. A. Gil-Olcina Acondicionamiento hidráulico y desnaturalización del río Segura Ería 51 2000 45 59
32. M. González del Tánago, D. García de Jalón, F. Lara, and R. Garilleti Índice RQI para la valoración de las riberas fluviales en el contexto de la directiva marco del agua Ingeniería Civil 143 2006 97 108
33. E. González, M. González-Sanchís, F. Comin, and E. Muller Hydrologic thresholds for riparian forest conservation in a regulated large Mediterranean river River Res. Appl. 28 2012 71 80
34. J.C. Gower General coefficient of similarity and some of its properties Biometrics 27 1971 857 871
35. W.L. Graf Downstream hydrologic and geomorphic effects of large dams on American rivers Geomorphology 79 2006 336 360 (Pubitemid 44362198)
36. A. Grindlay, M. Zamorano, M.I. Rodriguez, E. Molero, and M.A. Urrea Territorial transformation and water utilization: hydrological planning scenarios in the Segura river basin 120 Ed. Sustainable Development and Planning IV vols. 1 and 2 2009 Wit Press Southampton pp. 975
37. A.L. Grindlay, M. Zamorano, M.I. Rodriguez, E. Molero, and M.A. Urrea Implementation of the European Water Framework Directive: integration of hydrological and regional planning at the Segura River Basin, southeast Spain Land Use Pol. 28 2011 242 256
38. L.C. Hastie, S.L. Cooksley, F. Scougall, M.R. Young, P.J. Boon, and M.J. Gaywood Characterization of freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) riverine habitat using River Habitat Survey data Aquat. Conserv. 13 2003 213 224 (Pubitemid 36610667)
39. G.E. Host, J. Schuldt, J.J.H. Ciborowski, L.B. Johnson, T. Hollenhorst, and C. Richards Use of GIS and remotely sensed data for a priori identification of reference areas for Great Lakes coastal ecosystems Int. J. Remote Sens. 26 2005 5325 5342 (Pubitemid 43878416)
40. P. Humphries, P.E. Davies, and M.E. Mulcahy Macroinvertebrate assemblages of littoral habitats in the Macquarie and Mersey Rivers, Tasmania: implications for the management of regulated rivers Regul. Rivers: Res. Manage. 12 1996 99 122
41. T.E. Huxman, B.P. Wilcox, D.D. Breshears, R.L. Scott, K.A. Snyder, E.E. Small, K. Hultine, W.T. Pockman, and R.B. Jackson Ecohydrological implications of woody plant encroachment Ecology 86 2005 308 319 (Pubitemid 40356063)
42. IH Cantabria MARCE Project 2012 http://www.ihcantabria.com/es/proyectos- id/item/369-desarrollo-de-un-marco-espacial-para-la-gestion-integrada-de-cuenca- marce (last accessed: 01.09.13)
43. IPCC, 2007. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Core Writing Team. Pauchari, R.K., Reisinger, A. (Eds.). Geneva, Switzerland, 104pp. http://www.ipcc.ch/publications-and-data/publications-ipcc- fourth-assessment-report-synthesis-report.htm (last accessed: 10.14.12).
44. W.C. Johnson, R.L. Burgess, and W.R. Keammerer Forest overstory vegetation and environment on Missouri River Floodplain in North-Dakota Ecol. Monogr. 46 1976 59 84
45. W.C. Johnson, M.D. Dixon, R. Simons, S. Jenson, and K. Larson Mapping the response of Riparian vegetation to possible flow reductions in the Snake River, Idaho Geomorphology 13 1995 159 173 (Pubitemid 26437103)
46. I.G. Jowett, and M.J. Duncan Flow variability in New Zealand rivers and its relationship to in-stream habitat and biota N. Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 24 1990 305 317
47. E. Laliberté, and B. Shipley FD: Measuring Functional Diversity from Multiple Traits, and Other Tools for Functional Ecology R Package Version 1.0-11 2011
48. P. Legendre, and L. Legendre Numerical Ecology II Ed. 1998 Elselvier Amsterdam
49. F.K. Ligon, W.E. Dietrich, and W.J. Trush Downstream ecological effects of dams Bioscience 45 1995 183 192
50. N. Lloyd, G. Quinn, M. Thoms, A. Arthington, B. Gawne, P. Humphries, and K. Walker Does flow modification cause geomorphological and ecological response in rivers? A literature review from an Australian perspective CRC Freshw. Ecol. 2003
51. F. López-Bermúdez El Segura, la alteración del régimen de un río Mediterráneo y su tendencia al debilitamiento A. Gil-Olcina, Alteración de los regímenes fluviales y peninsulares 2004 Fundación Cajamurcia Murcia, Spain 389 411
52. J.I. Lopez-Moreno, S. Vicente-Serrano, S. Begueria, J. Garcia-Ruiz, M. Portela, and A. Almeida Dam effects on droughts magnitude and duration in a transboundary basin: the Lower River Tagus, Spain and Portugal Water. Resour. Res. 4 2009 5 10.1029/2008WR007198
53. J. Lorenzo-Lacruz, S. Vicente-Serrano, J.I. Lopez-Moreno, S. Begueria, J. García-Ruiz, and J. Cuadrat The impact of droughts and water management on various hydrological systems in the headwaters of the Tagus River (central Spain) J. Hydrol. 386 2010 13 26
54. J. Lorenzo-Lacruz, S. Vicente-Serrano, J.I. Lopez-Moreno, E. Morán-Tejeda, and J. Zabalza Recent trends in Iberian streamflows (1945-2005) J. Hydrol. 414 2012 463 475
55. F. Magdaleno Manual técnico de cálculo de caudales ambientales 2009 Colegio de Ingenieros de Caminos y Puertos Madrid, Spain
56. F. Magdaleno, and J.A. Fernández Hydromorphological alteration of a large Mediterranean river: Relative role of high and low flows on the evolution of riparian forests and channel morphology River Res. Appl. 27 3 2011 374 387
57. F.J. Magilligan, and K.H. Nislow Changes in hydrologic regime by dams Geomorphology 71 2005 61 78 (Pubitemid 41511090)
58. S. Manel, S.T. Buckton, and S.J. Ormerod Testing large-scale hypotheses using surveys: the effects of land use on the habitats, invertebrates and birds of Himalayan rivers J. Appl. Ecol. 37 2000 756 770
59. Martínez, C., Fernández, J.A., 2006. Índices de alteración hidrológica en ecosistemas fluviales. Monografía CEDEX, Madrid, España.
60. McAllister, D.E., Craig, J.F., Davidson, N., Delany, S., Seddon, M., 2001. Biodiversity Impacts of Large Dams. Background Paper Nr. 1 Prepared for IUCN/UNEP/WCD. http://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/archive/2001/IUCN850.pdf (last accessed: 10.14.12)
61. Mellado, A., 2005. Ecología de las comunidades de macroinvertebrados de la cuenca del Río Segura (SE de España). Thesis/Dissertation, 196pp.
62. D.M. Merritt, and N. Poff Shifting dominance of riparian Populus and Tamarix along gradients of flow alteration in western North American rivers Ecol. Appl. 20 2010 135 152
63. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente Water in Spain 2004 Secretaría de Estado de Aguas y Costas http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/agua/temas/planificacion- hidrologica/libro-blanco-del-agua (last accessed: 10.14.12)
64. S.G. Mortenson, and P.J. Weisberg Does river regulation increase the dominance of invasive woody species in riparian landscapes? Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 19 2010 562 574
65. C. Navarro-Llácer, D. Baeza, and J. de las Heras Assessment of regulated rivers with indices based on macroinvertebrates, fish and riparian forest in the southeast of Spain Ecol. Indic. 10 2010 935 942
66. C. Nilsson, and K. Berggren Alterations of riparian ecosystems caused by river regulation Bioscience 50 2000 783 792
67. C. Nilsson, and M. Svedmark Basic principles and ecological consequences of changing water regimes: Riparian plant communities Environ. Manage. 30 2002 468 480 (Pubitemid 36929394)
68. J.B. Nippert, J.J. Butler, G.J. Kluitenberg, D.O. Whittemore, D. Arnold, S.E. Spal, and J.K. Ward Patterns of Tamarix water use during a record drought Oecologia 162 2010 283 292
69. J.D. Olden, and N.L. Poff Redundancy and the choice of hydrologic indices for characterizing streamflow regimes River Res. Appl. 19 2003 101 121 10.1002/rra.700 (Pubitemid 36339898)
70. G.E. Petts Long-term consequences of upstream impoundment Environ. Conserv. 7 1980 325 332
71. J. Podani Extending Gower's general coefficient of similarity to ordinal characters Taxon 48 1999 331 340 (Pubitemid 29247414)
72. N. Poff, J.D. Olden, D.M. Merritt, and D.M. Pepin Homogenization of regional river dynamics by dams and global biodiversity implications Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 2007 5732 5737 (Pubitemid 47175603)
73. N.L. Poff, B.D. Richter, A.H. Arthington, S.E. Bunn, R.J. Naiman, E. Kendy, M. Acreman, C. Apse, B.P. Bledsoe, M.C. Freeman, J. Henriksen, R.B. Jacobson, J.G. Kennen, D.M. Merritt, J.H. O'Keeffe, J.D. Olden, K. Rogers, R.E. Tharme, and A. Warner The ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA): a new framework for developing regional environmental flow standards Freshw. Biol. 55 2010 147 170 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02204.x
74. N.L. Poff, and J.K.H. Zimmerman Ecological responses to altered flow regimes: a literature review to inform the science and management of environmental flows Freshw. Biol. 55 2010 194 205
75. M.E. Power, R.J. Stout, C.E. Cushing, P.P. Harper, F.R. Hauer, W.J. Matthews, P.B. Moyle, B. Statzner, and I.R.W. Debadgen Biotic and abiotic controls in river and stream communities J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 7 1988 456 479
76. G.P. Quinn, and M.J. Keough Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists 2002 Cambridge University Press New York, USA
77. R Development Core Team, 2011. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria.
78. P.J. Raven, P. Fox, M. Everard, N.T.H. Holmes, and F.H. Dawson River habitat survey: a new system for classifying rivers according to their habitat quality P.J. Boon, D.L. Holwell, Frehswater Quality: Defining the indefinable? 1997 Her Majestys Stationery Office, Stationery Office South Gyle Crescent Edinburgh, Scotland 215 234
79. P.J. Raven, N.T.H. Holmes, F.H. Dawson, and M. Everard Quality assessment using River Habitat Survey data Aquat. Conserv. 8 1998 477 499 (Pubitemid 28398061)
80. P.J. Raven, N.T.H. Holmes, M. Naura, and F.H. Dawson Using river habitat survey for environmental assessment and catchment planning in the UK Hydrobiologia 422 2000 359 367 (Pubitemid 30471507)
81. P.J. Raven, N.T. Holmes, I.P. Vaughan, F. Dawson, and P. Scarlett Benchmarking habitat quality: observations using River Habitat Survey on near-natural streams and rivers in northern and western Europe Aquat. Conserv. 20 2010 S13 S30
82. B.D. Richter, J.V. Baumgartner, J. Powell, and D.P. Braun A method for assessing hydrologic alteration within ecosystems Conserv. Biol. 10 1996 1163 1174 (Pubitemid 27109866)
83. B.D. Richter, J.V. Baumgartner, R. Wigington, and D.P. Braun How much water does a river need? Freshw. Biol. 37 1997 231 249
84. B.D. Richter, R. Mathews, and R. Wigington Ecologically sustainable water management: managing river flows for ecological integrity Ecol. Appl. 13 2003 206 224 (Pubitemid 36872285)
85. C. Rodriguez-Puebla, and S. Nieto Trends of precipitation over the Iberian Peninsula and the North Atlantic Oscillation under climate change conditions Int. J. Climatol. 30 2010 1807 1815
86. M. Salinas, and J. Casas Riparian vegetation of two semi-arid Mediterranean rivers: Basin-scale responses of woody and herbaceous plants to environmental gradients Wetlands 27 2007 831 845
87. K. Sand-Jensen, and J.R. Mebus Fine-scale patterns of water velocity within macrophyte patches in streams Oikos 76 1996 169 180 (Pubitemid 27079191)
88. I. Schnauder, and A. Sukhodolov Flow in a tightly curving meander bend: effects of seasonal changes in aquatic macrophyte cover Earth Surf. Proc. Land 37 2012 1142 1157
89. J.J. Sherrard, and W.D. Erskine Complex response of a sand-bed stream to upstream impoundment Regul. Rivers Res. Manage. 6 1991 53 70
90. S. Siegel Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioural Sciences 1956 McGraw-Hill New York, USA
91. S. Siegel, and N.J. Castellan Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioural Sciences 2nd ed. 1988 McGraw-Hill New York, USA
92. Statsoft, Inc STATISTICA (Data Analysis Software System), Version 6 2001 www.statsoft.com (last accessed: 10.14.12)
93. K. Szoszkiewicz, A. Buffagni, J. Davy-Bowker, J. Lesny, B.H. Chojnicki, J. Zbierska, R. Staniszewski, and T. Zgola Occurrence and variability of River Habitat Survey features across Europe and the consequences for data collection and evaluation Hydrobiologia 566 2006 267 280 (Pubitemid 44078672)
94. K. Szoszkiewicz, R. Staniszewski, and J. Zbierska International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology-Proceedings 2006 2096 2098
95. E. Tabacchi, A.M. PlantyTabacchi, M.J. Salinas, and H. Decamps Landscape structure and diversity in riparian plant communities: a longitudinal comparative study Regul. Rivers: Res. Manage. 12 1996 367 390
96. The Nature Conservancy Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration. Version 7.1. User's Manual 2009 http://www.conservationgateway.org/Files/Pages/indicators- hydrologic-altaspx47.aspx (last accessed: 10.14.12)
97. Tukey, J.W., 1953. The Problem of Multiple Comparisons. Unpublished Work.
98. I. Vaughan, D. Noble, and S. Ormerod Combining surveys of river habitats and river birds to appraise riverine hydromorphology Freshw. Biol. 52 2007 2270 2284 (Pubitemid 47569950)
99. M.R. Vidal-Abarca Los ríos de las cuencas áridas y semiáridas: Una perspectiva comparativa y de síntesis Sci. Gerundensis 16 1990 219 228
100. J. Walker, M. Diamond, and M. Naura The development of physical quality objectives for rivers in England and Wales Aquat. Conserv. 12 2002 381 390 (Pubitemid 34961441)
101. K.F. Walker, F. Sheldon, and J.T. Puckridge A perspective on dryland river ecosystems Regul. Rivers: Res. Manage. 11 1995 85 104
102. J.G.O. Wilhelm, K.W. Cummins, J.D. Allan, K.J. Wessell, and R.W. Merritt Habitat assessment of non-wadeable rivers in Michigan Environ. Monit. Assess 36 2005 592 609 (Pubitemid 41456295)
103. Wolfert, H.P., Koomen, A.J.M., Maas, G.J., 2001. Aquatic macrophyte growth and seasonal bedform pattern changes in a lowland sand-bed meandering stream. Geomorphological Change and River Rehabilitation: Case Studies on Lowland Fluvial Systems in the Netherlands. PhD Thesis. University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 35-58.
104. A. Zimmer New water uses in the Segura basin: conflicts around gated communities in Murcia Water Int. 35 2010 34 48