A cosmopolitan design of teacher education and a progressive orientation towards the highest good

Ethics and Global Politics

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 259-279

  Roth, Klas ^a  

^a STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Autonomy; Cosmopolitan education; Cosmopolitanism; Examples; Freedom; Immanuel kant; Teacher education; The highest good

Indexed keywords

EID: 84875080862     PISSN: 16544951     EISSN: 16546369     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3402/egp.v5i4.20297     Document Type: Article

References (121)

1. See for example Gert J. J. Biesta, Beyond Learning. Democratic Education for a Human Future (Boulder: Paradigm Publishers, 2006).
2. Raf Vanderstraeten and Gert J. J. Biesta, 'How is Education Possible? Preliminary investigations for a theory of education', Educational Philosophy and Theory, 33 (1) (2001): 7-21.
3. Nel Noddings, Philosophy of Education (Boulder, Co: Westview Press, 1995), 161
4. Nel Noddings, Educating Moral People (New York: Teachers College Press, 2002), 15
5. See also Susan Shell, The Embodiment of Reason. Kant on Spirit, Generation, and Community (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1996).
6. For a discussion on Kant's views on the embodiment of reason, Allen W. Wood, 'Religion, ethical community, and the struggle against evil, in Kant and the concept of community, eds. Charlton Payne and Lucas Thorpe, NAKS Studies in Philosophy, Vol. 9. (Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 2011): 121-137.
7. On Kant's views on the character of social relations and the struggle against evil, and Kant and the concept of community, eds. Charlton Payne and Lucas Thorpe, NAKS Studies in Philosophy, Vol. 9. (Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 2011) for discussions on Kant's concept of community.
8. Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, Trans. Paul Guyer and Allen W.Wood (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), A80/B106.
9. Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Trans. Mary Gregor (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006).
10. Immanuel Kant, Critique of Practical Reason, Trans. Mary Gregor (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
11. Immanuel Kant, Critique of the Power of Judgment, Transl. Paul Guyer and Eric Matthews (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
12. Immanuel Kant, Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason, Trans. Allen W. Wood and George di Giovanni (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
13. Immanuel Kant, Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason, 6: 27
14. See Immanuel Kant, The Metaphysics of Morals (Translated by Mary Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 6: 435.
15. See Immanuel Kant, Critique of Practical Reason, 5: 76-77
16. See, for example, Immanuel Kant, Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason, 6: 27, and 6: 46
17. Paul Guyer, Kant's System of Nature and Freedom (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 180
18. Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, 4: 442
19. Immanuel Kant, Critique of Practical Reason, 5: 26-28
20. See, for example, Immanuel Kant, Critique of Practical Reason, 5: 28
21. Immanuel Kant, Critique of Practical Reason, 5: 27
22. See also Anne Margaret Baxley, 'Kantian Virtue', Philosophy Compass, 2 (3) (2007): 396-410
23. Paul Guyer, Kant's System of Nature and Freedom, 115-145 for discussions on how we can regulate, but not abolish, our inclinations
24. See Christine Korsgaard, The Sources of Normativity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996)
25. Lecture 3 and The Activity of Reason (Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 83 (2) 2009b, http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL. InstRepos:3415961), for discussions on the activity of reason and how we can act for reasons, reflect upon and challenge specific reasons as motives for and explanations of our actions.
26. Christine Korsgaard, The Constitution of Agency (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), 9
27. Christine Korsgaard, The Constitution of Agency, 9
28. See Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, for a discussion of these principles
29. Reath, 'Autonomy, taking one's choices to be good, and practical law: replies to critics'. Philosophical Books 49 (2) (2008): 127.
30. See Christine Korsgaard, The Constitution of Agency, Part 1 and her Self-Constitution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009)
31. Andrews Reath, 'Autonomy, taking one's choices to be good, and practical law: replies to critics', 125-137
32. 'Formal principles and the form of a law' in Kant's Critique of Practical Reason, eds. Andrews Reath and Jens Timmerman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 31-54 for discussions on constitutive principles.
33. See also Fazal Rizvi, 'Towards cosmopolitan learning', Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 30 (3) (2009): 253-268
34. Immanuel Kant, Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason, 1998b, 6: 27
35. Paul Guyer, Kant's System of Nature and Freedom, 128, by complying with the principles of practical reason and in particular the moral law in practice, which, however, is hard work
36. Christine Korsgaard, Self-Constitution, xi
37. See, for example, Immanuel Kant, Critique of the Power of Judgment, 5: 450 for a discussion on the notion of 'highest good' and that human beings can pursue the highest good together in the world
38. See Paul Guyer, 'Kant's Teleological Conception of Philosophy and its Development', in Kant Yearbook 1/2009: Teleology, ed. Dietmar H. Heidemann (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter), 60 for a discussion on the objects of morality.
39. Immanuel Kant, Critique of Practical Reason, 5: 27
40. Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, 4: 399
41. Immanuel Kant, Critique of Practical Reason, 5: 111
42. Paul Guyer, Kant (London and New York: Routledge, 2006), 230
43. See Christine Korsgaard, 'Kant's Formula of Humanity', in her Creating the Kingdom of Ends (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 106-132 for a discussion on the notion of humanity and the idea that human beings are rational value-conferring creatures
44. Christine Korsgaard, Self-Constitution, xii
45. Immanuel Kant, 'On the Common Saying: "This May Be True in Theory, but it does not Apply in Practice"', in Kant - Political Writings, ed. H. S. Reiss (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970), 65.
46. Paul Guyer, Kant on Freedom, Law, and Happiness (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 100
47. Allen W. Wood, Kant's Ethical Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 21.
48. Paul Guyer, Kant's System of Nature and Freedom, 128
49. Paul Guyer, Kant on Freedom, Law, and Happiness, 9
50. C. C. Mrongovius, 'Morality according to Prof. Kant: Lectures on Baumgarten's practical philosophy', in Lectures on Ethics, ed. Immanuel Kant, Trans. Peter Heath (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 29: 618.
51. Paul Guyer, Kant's System of Nature and Freedom, 125
52. Andrews Reath, 'Two Conceptions of the Highest Good in Kant', Journal of the History of Philosophy, 26 (4) (1988): 597
53. Immanuel Kant, Critique of the Power of Judgment, 5: 450
54. Immanuel Kant, 'Lectures on Pedagogy', in Anthropology, History, and Education, Trans. Robert B. Louden (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 9: 445.
55. Immanuel Kant, Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason, 6: 98
56. Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, 4: 429
57. Georg L. Collins, 'From the lectures of Professor Kant Köningsberg, Winter Semester, 1784-5', in Lectures on Ethics, ed. Immanuel Kant Trans. Peter Heath (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 27: 470.
58. Georg L. Collins, 'From the lectures of Professor Kant Köningsberg, Winter Semester, 1784-5', in Immanuel Kant, Lectures on Ethics, 27: 470.
59. See also Kate A. Moran, Community and Moral Progress in Kant, a dissertation in philosophy presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania, 2008, and in particular chapters 2 and 3 for discussion on the notion of the highest good and education.
60. Georg Cavallar, 'Cosmopolitanisms in Kant's philosophy', Ethics & Global Politics, 5 (2) (2012): 95-118 for a discussion on the relation between cosmopolitanism, the highest good and education in the work of Kant
61. Immanuel Kant, Lectures on Pedagogy, 9: 441
62. Collins, in Immanuel Kant, Lectures on Ethics, 27: 470-471
63. Immanuel Kant, Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View, Trans. Robert B. Louden (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 333.
64. Robert B. Louden, Kant's Human Being - Essays on His Theory of Human Nature (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), 148.
65. Robert B. Louden, Kant's Human Being - Essays on His Theory of Human Nature, 148.
66. Immanuel Kant, Lectures on Pedagogy, 9: 448
67. See, for example, Zygmunt Bauman, Consuming Life (Cambridge: Polity), 57
68. A discussion on the commodification of people, and Michael A. Peters (2001) 'National education policy constructions of the "knowledge economy": towards a critique', Journal of Educational Enquiry, 2 (1) (2001): 1-22.
69. Michael A. Peters, 'Education and the Ideologies of the Knowledge Economy: Europe and the Politics of Emulation', Social Work & Society, 2 (2) (2004): 160-172.
70. Mark Olssen, John A. Codd, & Anne-Marie O'Neill, Education Policy: Globalization, Citizenship & Democracy (London: Sage Publications, 2004), p. 5.
71. Klas Roth, 'Education for the Market and Democracy - an Indissoluble Tension?' in The Possibility/Impossibility of a New Critical Language in Education, ed. Ilan Gur-Zeév (Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2010), 333-349.
72. Klas Roth, 'Freedom and Autonomy in Knowledge-Based Societies', in Kant and Education - Interpretations and Commentary, eds. Klas Roth and Chris W. Surprenant (New York: Routledge, 2012), 214-225.
73. Discussions on the marketization of education. See also the other articles of this issue of Ethics & Global Politics for discussions on the impact of economic cosmopolitanism on education and in particular teacher education in, inter alia, terms of standardization.
74. Robert B. Louden, Kant's Human Being - Essays on His Theory of Human Nature, 149.
75. Immanuel Kant, The Metaphysics of Morals, 6: 386
76. Johann F. Vigilantius, 'Notes on the lectures of Mr. Kant on the metaphysics of morals', in Lectures on Ethics, ed. Immanuel Kant, 27: 594.
77. Immanuel Kant, Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason, 6: 47
78. Immanuel Kant, Critique of the Power of Judgment, 5: 295
79. Katerina Deligiorgi, 'Universalisability, Publicity, and Communication: Kant's Conception of Reason', European Journal of Philosophy, 10 (2) (2002): 149
80. Immanuel Kant, Lectures on Pedagogy, 9: 448
81. Robert B. Louden, Kant's Impure Ethics - From Rational Beings to Human Beings (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 55.
82. See also David Hansen, Stephanie Burdick-Shepherd, Christina Cammarano and Gonzalo Obelleiro, 'Education, Values, and Valuing in Cosmopolitan Perspective', Curriculum Inquiry, 39 (5) (2009): 587-612
83. A discussion on the importance of recognizing human beings as valuing creatures, and David Hansen The Teacher and the World. A Study of Cosmopolitanism as Education (New York: Routledge, 2011).
84. See Immanuel Kant, Critique of the Power of Judgment, 5: 294
85. See also (Immanuel Kant, Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View, 228-229) for discussions on the three 'maxims of the common human understanding [namely, the following:] 1
86. To think for oneself; 2. To think in the position of everyone else; 3. Always to think in accord with oneself' (Immanuel Kant, Critique of the Power of Judgment, 5: 294).
87. See also Katerina Deligiorgi, 'Universalisability, Publicity, and Communication: Kant's Conception of Reason', Melissa Merritt, 'Reflection, Enlightenment, and the Significance of Spontaneity in Kant', British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 17 (5) (2009): 981-1010
88. Melissa Merritt, 'Kant on Enlightened Moral Pedagogy', The Southern Journal of Philosophy, 49 (3) (2011): 227-253
89. G. Felicitaz Munzel Kant's Conception of Moral Character. The "Critical"Link of Morality, Anthropology, and Reflective Judgment (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1999), 223-236 for discussions on the value and importance of thinking for oneself, thinking in the position of everyone else, and consistently.
90. Klas Roth, 'Education for the Market and Democracy - an Indissoluble Tension?' in The Possibility/Impossibility of a New Critical Language in Education, ed. Ilan Gur-Zeév, 333-349.
91. 'Freedom and Autonomy in Knowledge-Based Societies', in Kant and Education - Interpretations and Commentary, 214-225
92. Immanuel Kant, Lectures on Pedagogy, 9: 451
93. Immanuel Kant, 'Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Aim', in Anthropology, History, and Education, Trans. Robert B. Louden (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 8: 26.
94. Immanuel Kant, Lectures on Pedagogy, 9: 450
95. See, for example, Ronald Beiner, & Williams J. Booth, eds., Kant & Political Philosophy. The Contemporary Legacy (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993).
96. Elisabeth Ellis, Kant's Politics. Provisional Theory for an Uncertain World (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005).
97. Pauline Kleingeld, Kant and Cosmopolitanism. The Philosophical Ideal of World Citizenship (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012) for discussions on the value of a federation of states and similar issues.
98. Robert B. Louden, Kant's Human Being - Essays on His Theory of Human Nature, 146.
99. Immanuel Kant, The Metaphysics of Morals, 6: 445
100. See Robert B. Louden, Kant's Human Being - Essays on His Theory of Human Nature, and in particular Chapter 8.
101. Paul Guyer, 'Examples of Moral Possibility', in Kant and Education - Interpretations and Commentary, eds. Klas Roth and Chris W. Surprenant, Chapter 10, for elaborated discussions on the use of examples in education.
102. Barbara Herman, Moral Literacy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007), 133
103. Barbara Herman, Moral Literacy, 133
104. Paul Guyer, Kant's Teleological Conception of Philosophy and its Development, 60
105. Christine Korsgaard, 'Aristotle and Kant on the source of value', in her Creating the Kingdom of Ends (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 241
106. Immanuel Kant, Lectures on Pedagogy, 9: 488
107. Immanuel Kant, Critique of the Power of Judgment, 5: 294
108. See Melissa Merritt, 'Kant on Enlightened Moral Pedagogy', 234 for a discussion on the sources of prejudice that Kant identifies
109. Immanuel Kant, 'An Answer to the Question: "What is Enlightenment?"' in Kant: Political Writings, ed. H. S. Reiss (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970), 54.
110. Robert B. Louden, Kant's Human Being - Essays on His Theory of Human Nature, 96.
111. Collins, in Immanuel Kant, Lectures on Ethics, 27: 334
112. Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, 4: 409
113. Collins, in Immanuel Kant, Lectures on Ethics, 27: 334
114. Immanuel Kant, Critique of the Power of Judgment, 5: 295
115. Katerina Deligiorgi, 'Universalisability, Publicity, and Communication: Kant's Conception of Reason', 151
116. Melissa Merritt, Kant on Enlightened Moral Pedagogy, 235
117. Immanuel Kant, Critique of the Power of Judgment, 5: 295
118. Robert B. Louden, Kant's Human Being - Essays on His Theory of Human Nature, 95.
119. Immanuel Kant, The Metaphysics of Morals, 6: 394
120. Collins, in Immanuel Kant, Lectures on Ethics, 27: 300
121. Immanuel Kant, The Metaphysics of Morals, 6: 405