Restoring a midtolerant pine species as a component of late-successional forests: Results of gap-based planting trials

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 292, Issue , 2013, Pages 139-149

  Fahey, Robert T ^a   Lorimer, Craig G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

Blister rust; Competition; Deer browse; Eastern white pine; Hemlock northern hardwoods; Underplanting

Indexed keywords

BLISTER RUST; DEER BROWSE; EASTERN WHITE PINES; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; TRANSMITTED RADIATION; UNDERPLANTING; UNEVEN-AGED MANAGEMENT;

COMPETITION; CONSERVATION; GROWTH RATE; HARDWOODS; POPULATION STATISTICS; RESTORATION; SEED;

REFORESTATION;

BIODIVERSITY; CANOPY; CONIFEROUS TREE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; GROWTH RATE; HUMAN ACTIVITY; MANAGEMENT PRACTICE; MORTALITY; POPULATION DECLINE; REGENERATION; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; SUCCESSION; UNDERPLATING; UNDERSTORY;

BIOLOGICAL POPULATIONS; COMPETITION; CONSERVATION; CRONARTIUM; GROWTH RATE; HARDWOODS; PINUS MONTICOLA; PLANTING; REFORESTATION; RESTORATION; SEEDS; STATISTICS;

UNITED STATES; WISCONSIN;

EID: 84874996226     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.12.026     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Abrams M.D. Eastern white pine versatility in the presettlement forest. Bioscience 2001, 51:967-979.
2. Burgess D., Wetzel S. Recruitment and early growth of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) regeneration after partial cutting and site preparation. Forestry 2002, 75:419-423.
3. Burnham K.P., Anderson D.R. Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-theoretic Approach 2002, Springer.
4. Burns, R.M., Honkala, B.H., 1990. Silvics of North America: 1. Conifers, 2. Hardwoods. U.S. Dept. Agric. Agric. Handb. 654.
5. Canham C.D. An index for understory light levels in and around canopy gaps. Ecology 1988, 69:1634-1638.
6. Cho D.S., Boerner R.E.J. Canopy disturbance patterns and regneration of Quercus species in two Ohio old-growth forests. Vegetatio 1991, 93:9-18.
7. Dahir S.E., Cummings Carlson J.E. Incidence of white pine blister rust in a high-hazard region of Wisconsin. Northern J. Appl. For. 2001, 18:81-86.
8. Dahir S.E., Lorimer C.G. Variation in canopy gap formation among developmental stages of northern hardwood stands. Can. J. For. Res. 1996, 26:1875-1892.
9. Drever C.R. Assessing light and conifer growth in a riparian restoration treatment along Spirit Creek, British Columbia. Northwest Sci. 2005, 79:44-52.
10. Ellison A.M., Bank M.S., Clinton B.D., Colburn E.A., Elliott K., Ford C.R., Foster D.R., Kloeppel B.D., Knoepp J.D., Lovett G.M., Mohan J., Orwig D.A., Rodenhouse N.L., Sobczak W.V., Stinson K.A., Stone J.K., Swan C.M., Thompson J., Von Holle B., Webster J.R. Loss of foundation species: consequences for the structure and dynamics of forested ecosystems. Front. Ecol. Environ. 2005, 3:479-486.
11. Fahey, R.T., 2011. Establishment and Persistence of Early Successional Pine Species in Late-successional Landscapes of the Great Lakes Region. PhD Dissertation. University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
12. Fahey R.T., Lorimer C.G., Mladenoff D.J. Habitat heterogeneity and life-history traits influence presettlement distributions of early-successional tree species in a late-successional, hemlock-hardwood landscape. Landscape Ecol. 2012, 27:999-1013.
13. Fajvan M.A., Seymour R.S. Canopy stratification, age structure, and development of multicohort stands of eastern white pine, eastern hemlock, and red spruce. Can. J. For. Res. 1993, 23:1799-1809.
14. Foster D.R. Disturbance history, community organization and vegetation dynamics of the old-growth Pisgah Forest, south-western New Hampshire. J. Ecol. 1988, 76:105-134.
15. Fraver S., Palik B.J. Stand and cohort structures of old-growth Pinus resinosa-dominated forests of northern Minnesota, USA. J. Veg. Sci. 2011, 23:249-259.
16. Frazer, G.W., Canham, C.D., Lertzman, K.P., 1999. Gap Light Analyzer (GLA), Version 2.0: Imaging Software to Extract Canopy Structure and Gap Light Transmission Indices from True-colour Fisheye Photographs, Users Manual and Program Documentation. Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, and the Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York.
17. Frazer G.W., Fournier R.A., Trofymow J.A., Hall R.J. A comparison of digital and film fisheye photography for analysis of forest canopy structure and gap light transmission. Agric. For. Meteorol. 2001, 109:249-263.
18. Gagnon J., Jokela E., Moser W., Huber D. Dynamics of artificial regeneration in gaps within a longleaf pine flatwoods ecosystem. For. Ecol. Manage. 2003, 172:133-144.
19. Hamid, A., ODell, T.M., Katovich, S.A., 1995. White Pine Weevil. Forest Insect & Disease Leaflet 21. US Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service.
20. Haney J.C. Spatial incidence of barred owl (Strix varia) reproduction in old-growth forest of the Appalachian plateau. J. Raptor Res. 1997, 31:241-252.
21. Haney J.C., Lydic J. Avifauna and vegetation structure in an old-growth oak-pine forest on the Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee (USA). Nat. Areas J. 1999, 19:199-210.
22. Hanson J.J., Lorimer C.G. Forest structure and light regimes following moderate wind storms: implications for multi-cohort management. Ecol. Appl. 2007, 17:1325-1340.
23. Harmon M.E., Franklin J.F., Swanson F.J., Sollins P., Gregory S.V., Lattin J.D., Anderson N.H., Cline S.P., Aumen N.G., Sedell J.R. Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems. Adv. Ecol. Res. 1986, 34:59-234.
24. Hibbs D.E. White pine in the transition hardwood forest. Can. J. Bot. 1982, 60:2046-2053.
25. Jacobs, R.D., 1987. Silvicultural systems for northern hardwoods in the Mid-West and Lake States. In: Nyland, R.D. (Ed.), Proceedings, Silvicultural Symposium, Managing Northern Hardwoods, 23-25 June 1987, Syracuse, NY. Publ. 87-03. Society of American Foresters, Bethesda, Md. pp. 383-387.
26. Kati V., Dimopoulos P., Papaioannou H., Poirazidis K. Ecological management of a Mediterranean mountainous reserve (Pindos National Park, Greece) using the bird community as an indicator. J. Nat. Conserv. 2009, 17:47-59.
27. Katovich, S.A., O'Brien, J.G., Mielke, M.E., Ostry, M.E., 2004. Restoration and management of eastern white pine within high blister rust hazard zones in the Lake States. In: Shepperd, W.D., Eskew, L.G. (Eds.), Silviculture in Special Places: Proceedings of the National Silviculture Workshop; 2003 September 8-11; Granby, CO. Proceedings RMRS-P-34. Fort Collins, CO, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, pp. 135-145.
28. Kern C.C., Reich P.B., Montgomery R.A., Strong T.F. Do deer and shrubs override canopy gap size effects on growth and survival of yellow birch, northern red oak, eastern white pine, and eastern hemlock seedlings?. For. Ecol. Manage. 2012, 267:134-143.
29. Kobe R.K. Intraspecific variation in sapling mortality and growth predicts geographic variation in forest composition. Ecol. Monogr. 1996, 66:181-201.
30. Kobe R.K., Pacala S.W., Silander J.A., Canham C.D. Juvenile tree survivorship as a component of shade tolerance. Ecol. Appl. 1995, 5:517-532.
31. Kotar J., Kovatch J.A., Burger T.L. A Guide to Forest Communities and Habitat Types of Northern Wisconsin 2002, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
32. Krueger J.A., Zenner E.K., Puettmann K.J. Development of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) regeneration under a reserve shelterwood after intermediate removals and windthrow. Northern J. Appl. For. 2007, 24:134-137.
33. Lancaster, K.F., Leak, W.B., 1978. A Silvicultural Guide for White Pine in the Northeast. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-41. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Broomall, PA.
34. Lorimer C.G. Survival and growth of understory trees in oak forests of the Hudson Highlands, New York. Can. J. For. Res. 1981, 11:689-695.
35. Lorimer C.G. A test of the accuracy of shade-tolerance classifications based on physiognomic and reproductive traits. Can. J. Bot. 1983, 61:1595-1598.
36. Lorimer C.G. Eighty-year development of northern red oak after partial cutting in a mixed-species Wisconsin forest. For. Sci. 1983, 29:371-383.
37. Lutz H.J., Cline A.C. Results of the first thirty years of experimentation in silviculture in the Harvard Forest, 1908-1938. Part I: the conversion of stands of old field origin by various methods of cutting and subsequent cultural treatments. Harvard Univ. For. Bull. 1947, 23.
38. Maloy O.C. White pine blister rust control in North America: a case history. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 1997, 35:87-109.
39. Martin J. Ribes eradication effectively controls white pine blister rust. J. For. 1944, 42:255-260.
40. Mazurek M., Zielinski W.J. Individual legacy trees influence vertebrate wildlife diversity in commercial forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 2004, 193:321-334.
41. McCune B., Keon D. Equations for potential annual direct incident radiation and heat load. J. Veg. Sci. 2002, 13:603-606.
42. McCune, B., Mefford, M.J., 2006. PC-ORD. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data. MjM Software Design. Gleneden Beach, Oregon, USA. Version 5.2.
43. Moores A.R., Seymour R.S., Kenefic L.S. Height development of shade-tolerant conifer saplings in multiaged Acadian forest stands. Can. J. For. Res. 2007, 37:2715-2723.
44. Navarro-Cerrillo R.M., Griffith D.M., Ramírez-Soria M.J., Pariona W., Golicher D., Palacios G. Enrichment of big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) in logging gaps in Bolivia: The effects of planting method and silvicultural treatments on long-term seedling survival and growth. For. Ecol. Manage. 2011, 262:2271-2280.
45. Nolet P., Bouffard D., Lorenzetti F. Release of naturally established white pine seedlings from competition: an objective field index. Northern J. Appl. For. 2006, 23:184-191.
46. Oliver, C.D., 1978. The Development of Northern Red Oak in Mixed Stands in Central New England. Yale University School of Forestry Bulletin Number 91, New Haven, CT.
47. Ostry M.E. Restoration of white pine in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. Horttechnology 2000, 10:542-543.
48. Ostry M.E., Laflamme G., Katovich S.A. Silvicultural approaches for management of eastern white pine to minimize impacts of damaging agents. For. Pathol. 2010, 40:332-346.
49. Parker G.G., O'Neill J.P., Higman D. Vertical profile and canopy organization in a mixed deciduous forest. Plant Ecol. 1989, 85:1-11.
50. Pitt D.G., Morneault A., Parker W.C., Stinson A., Lanteigne L. The effects of herbaceous and woody competition on planted white pine in a clearcut site. For. Ecol. Manage. 2009, 257:1281-1291.
51. Povak N.A., Lorimer C.G., Guries R.P. Altering successional trends in oak forests: 19year experimental results of low- and moderate-intensity silvicultural treatments. Can. J. For. Res. 2008, 38:2880-2895.
52. Puettmann K.J., Saunders M.R. Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) growth response to partial hardwood overstory release. Northern J. Appl. For. 2000, 17:89-94.
53. Raymond P., Munson A.D., Ruel J.C., Coates K.D. Spatial patterns of soil microclimate, light, regeneration, and growth within silvicultural gaps of mixed tolerant hardwood white pine stands. Can. J. For. Res. 2006, 36:639-651.
54. Rhemtulla J.M., Mladenoff D.J., Clayton M.K. Legacies of historical land use on regional forest composition and structure in Wisconsin, USA (mid-1800s-1930s-2000s). Ecol. Appl. 2009, 19:1061-1078.
55. Rogers, L.L., Lindquist, E.L., 1992. Supercanopy white pine and wildlife. In: Stine, R.A., Baugham, M.J. (Eds.), White Pine Symposium Proceedings. Minnesota Extension Service, Publ. NR-BU-6044-S, pp. 39-43.
56. Runkle J.R. Patterns of disturbance in some old-growth mesic forests of eastern North America. Ecology 1982, 63:1533-1546.
57. SAS Institute Inc, 2005. SAS v. 9.2. SAS Institute Inc., Durham, NC.
58. Saunders M.R., Puettmann K.J. Effects of overstory and understory competition and simulated herbivory on growth and survival of white pine seedlings. Can. J. For. Res. 1999, 29:536-546.
59. Schulte L.A., Mladenoff D.J., Crow T.R., Merrick L.C., Cleland D.T. Homogenization of northern US Great Lakes forests due to land use. Landscape Ecol. 2007, 22:1089-1103.
60. Smidt M.F., Puettmann K.J. Overstory and understory competition affect underplanted eastern white pine. For. Ecol. Manage. 1998, 105:137-150.
61. Spalding, V.M., Fernow, B.E., 1899. The White Pine (Pinus strobus Linnaeus). USDA Division of Forestry Bull. 22, US Govt. Print Office, Washington, DC.
62. Spetich M.A., Dey D.C., Johnson P.S., Graney D.L. Competitive capacity of Quercus rubra L. planted in Arkansas' Boston Mountains. For. Sci. 2002, 48:504-517.
63. Steen-Adams M.M., Langston N., Mladenoff D.J. White pine in the northern forests: an ecological and management history of white pine on the Bad River Reservation of Wisconsin. Environ. Hist. 2007, 12:614-648.
64. Stephenson N.L. Reference conditions for giant sequoia forest restoration: structure, process, and precision. Ecol. Appl. 1999, 9:1253-1265.
65. Stine, R.A., Baugham, M.J., 1992. White Pine Symposium Proceedings. Minnesota Extension Service, Publ. NR-BU-6044-S.
66. USDA Forest Service, 2004. Land and Resource Management Plan, Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forests. Park Falls and Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA.
67. Van Arsdel, E.P., 1961. Growing White Pine in the Lake States to Avoid Blister Rust. Station Paper LS-92. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Lake States Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, MN.
68. Van Arsdel E.P. Micrometeorology and plant disease epidemiology. Phytopathology 1965, 55:945-950.
69. Van Arsdel, E.P., Riker, A.J., Kouba, T.F., 1961. The Climatic Distribution of Blister Rust on White Pine in Wisconsin. Station Paper LS-87. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Lake States Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, MN.
70. Webster C.R., Lorimer C.G. Minimum opening sizes for canopy recruitment of midtolerant tree species: a retrospective approach. Ecol. Appl. 2005, 15:1245-1262.
71. Whitney G.G. An ecological history of the Great Lakes forest of Michigan. J. Ecol. 1987, 75:667-684.
72. WiDNR, 2002. Land Type Associations of Wisconsin. Map and datalayer. http://dnr.wi.gov/forestry/ecolandclass/elclandtype.htm.
73. WIDNR, 2009. Overwinter Deer Population Density 2009. Map. http://dnr.wi.gov/org/land/wildlife/hunt/deer/maps.htm.
74. York R.A., Battles J.J., Eschtruth A.K., Schurr F.G. Giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) regeneration in experimental canopy gaps. Restor. Ecol. 2011, 19:14-23.
75. Zambino P. Biology and pathology of Ribes and their implications for management of white pine blister rust. For. Pathol. 2010, 40:264-291.
76. Zenner E.K., Peck J.L.E. Maintaining a pine legacy in Itasca State Park. Nat. Areas J. 2009, 29:157-166.
77. Zobeck T.M. Rapid soil particle size analyses using laser diffraction. Appl. Eng. Agric. 2004, 20:633-639.