메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 985-994

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smoldering multiple myeloma: A review of the current understanding of epidemiology, biology, risk stratification, and management of myeloma precursor disease

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BHQ 880; BORTEZOMIB; CARFILZOMIB; CURCUMIN; DEXAMETHASONE; ELOTUZUMAB; IPH 2101; IXAZOMIB CITRATE; LENALIDOMIDE; MELPHALAN; PAMIDRONIC ACID; PLACEBO; PREDNISONE; SILTUXIMAB; THALIDOMIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ZOLEDRONIC ACID;

EID: 84874865836     PISSN: 10780432     EISSN: 15573265     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-2922     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (73)

References (73)
  • 2
    • 72849156982 scopus 로고
    • Studies on conditions associated with disturbed gamma globulin formation (gammopathies)
    • Waldenstrom J. Studies on conditions associated with disturbed gamma globulin formation (gammopathies). Harvey Lect 1960;56: 211-31.
    • (1960) Harvey Lect , vol.56 , pp. 211-231
    • Waldenstrom, J.1
  • 3
    • 0017813724 scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Natural history in 241 cases
    • Kyle RA. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Natural history in 241 cases. Am J Med 1978;64: 814-26.
    • (1978) Am J Med , vol.64 , pp. 814-826
    • Kyle, R.A.1
  • 4
    • 0018848543 scopus 로고
    • Smoldering multiple myeloma
    • Kyle RA, Greipp PR. Smoldering multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 1980;302: 1347-9.
    • (1980) N Engl J Med , vol.302 , pp. 1347-1349
    • Kyle, R.A.1    Greipp, P.R.2
  • 5
    • 67049162188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) consistently precedes multiple myeloma: A prospective study
    • Landgren O, Kyle RA, Pfeiffer RM, Katzmann JA, Caporaso NE, Hayes RB, et al. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) consistently precedes multiple myeloma: a prospective study. Blood 2009;113: 5412-7.
    • (2009) Blood , vol.113 , pp. 5412-5417
    • Landgren, O.1    Kyle, R.A.2    Pfeiffer, R.M.3    Katzmann, J.A.4    Caporaso, N.E.5    Hayes, R.B.6
  • 6
    • 67049114114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A monoclonal gammopathy precedes multiple myeloma in most patients
    • Weiss BM, Abadie J, Verma P, Howard RS, Kuehl WM. A monoclonal gammopathy precedes multiple myeloma in most patients. Blood 2009;113: 5418-22.
    • (2009) Blood , vol.113 , pp. 5418-5422
    • Weiss, B.M.1    Abadie, J.2    Verma, P.3    Howard, R.S.4    Kuehl, W.M.5
  • 7
    • 77954610729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma: IMWG consensus perspectives risk factors for progression and guidelines for monitoring and management
    • Kyle RA, Durie BG, Rajkumar SV, Landgren O, Blade J, Merlini G, et al. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma: IMWG consensus perspectives risk factors for progression and guidelines for monitoring and management. Leukemia 2010;24: 1121-7.
    • (2010) Leukemia , vol.24 , pp. 1121-1127
    • Kyle, R.A.1    Durie, B.G.2    Rajkumar, S.V.3    Landgren, O.4    Blade, J.5    Merlini, G.6
  • 8
    • 77957964303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in the diagnosis, classification, risk stratification, and management of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: Implications for recategorizing disease entities in the presence of evolving scientific evidence
    • Rajkumar SV, Kyle RA, Buadi FK. Advances in the diagnosis, classification, risk stratification, and management of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: implications for recategorizing disease entities in the presence of evolving scientific evidence. Mayo Clin Proc 2010;85: 945-8.
    • (2010) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.85 , pp. 945-948
    • Rajkumar, S.V.1    Kyle, R.A.2    Buadi, F.K.3
  • 10
    • 77952105093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and risk of progression of light-chain monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: A retrospective population- based cohort study
    • Dispenzieri A, Katzmann JA, Kyle RA, Larson DR, Melton LJ III, Colby CL, et al. Prevalence and risk of progression of light-chain monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: a retrospective population- based cohort study. Lancet 2010;375: 1721-8.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , pp. 1721-1728
    • Dispenzieri, A.1    Katzmann, J.A.2    Kyle, R.A.3    Larson, D.R.4    Melton Iii, L.J.5    Colby, C.L.6
  • 11
    • 36749050314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: Study of 52,802 persons in Nagasaki City, Japan
    • Iwanaga M, Tagawa M, Tsukasaki K, Kamihira S, Tomonaga M. Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: study of 52,802 persons in Nagasaki City, Japan. Mayo Clin Proc 2007;82: 1474-9.
    • (2007) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.82 , pp. 1474-1479
    • Iwanaga, M.1    Tagawa, M.2    Tsukasaki, K.3    Kamihira, S.4    Tomonaga, M.5
  • 14
    • 44149084980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic predisposition for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
    • Ruiz-Delgado GJ, Ruiz-Arguelles GJ. Genetic predisposition for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Mayo Clin Proc 2008;83: 601-2.
    • (2008) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.83 , pp. 601-602
    • Ruiz-Delgado, G.J.1    Ruiz-Arguelles, G.J.2
  • 16
    • 31544457055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and subsequent multiple myeloma among African American and white veterans in the United States
    • Landgren O, Gridley G, Turesson I, Caporaso NE, Goldin LR, Baris D, et al. Risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and subsequent multiple myeloma among African American and white veterans in the United States. Blood 2006;107: 904-6.
    • (2006) Blood , vol.107 , pp. 904-906
    • Landgren, O.1    Gridley, G.2    Turesson, I.3    Caporaso, N.E.4    Goldin, L.R.5    Baris, D.6
  • 17
    • 68249146525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of monoclonal gammopathy in first-degree relatives of patients with multiple myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
    • Vachon CM, Kyle RA, Therneau TM, Foreman BJ, Larson DR, Colby CL, et al. Increased risk of monoclonal gammopathy in first-degree relatives of patients with multiple myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Blood 2009;114: 785-90.
    • (2009) Blood , vol.114 , pp. 785-790
    • Vachon, C.M.1    Kyle, R.A.2    Therneau, T.M.3    Foreman, B.J.4    Larson, D.R.5    Colby, C.L.6
  • 18
    • 67650621407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pesticide exposure and risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in the Agricultural Health Study
    • Landgren O, Kyle RA, Hoppin JA, Beane Freeman LE, Cerhan JR, Katzmann JA, et al. Pesticide exposure and risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in the Agricultural Health Study. Blood 2009;113: 6386-91.
    • (2009) Blood , vol.113 , pp. 6386-6391
    • Landgren, O.1    Kyle, R.A.2    Hoppin, J.A.3    Beane Freeman, L.E.4    Cerhan, J.R.5    Katzmann, J.A.6
  • 19
    • 0020056959 scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal gammopathies in the adult population of Finistere, France
    • Saleun JP, Vicariot M, Deroff P, Morin JF. Monoclonal gammopathies in the adult population of Finistere, France. J Clin Pathol 1982; 35: 63-8.
    • (1982) J Clin Pathol , vol.35 , pp. 63-68
    • Saleun, J.P.1    Vicariot, M.2    Deroff, P.3    Morin, J.F.4
  • 20
    • 77956505988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity is associated with an increased risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance among black and white women
    • Landgren O, Rajkumar SV, Pfeiffer RM, Kyle RA, Katzmann JA, Dispenzieri A, et al. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance among black and white women. Blood 2010;116: 1056-9.
    • (2010) Blood , vol.116 , pp. 1056-1059
    • Landgren, O.1    Rajkumar, S.V.2    Pfeiffer, R.M.3    Kyle, R.A.4    Katzmann, J.A.5    Dispenzieri, A.6
  • 21
    • 84871233578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SNP-based mapping arrays reveal high genomic complexity in monoclonal gammopathies, from MGUS to myeloma status
    • Lopez-Corral L, Sarasquete ME, Bea S, Garcia-Sanz R, Mateos MV, Corchete LA, et al. SNP-based mapping arrays reveal high genomic complexity in monoclonal gammopathies, from MGUS to myeloma status. Leukemia 2012;26: 2521-9.
    • (2012) Leukemia , vol.26 , pp. 2521-2529
    • Lopez-Corral, L.1    Sarasquete, M.E.2    Bea, S.3    Garcia-Sanz, R.4    Mateos, M.V.5    Corchete, L.A.6
  • 23
    • 0033568514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 14q32 translocations and monosomy 13 observed in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance delineate a multistep process for the oncogenesis of multiple myeloma. Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome
    • Avet-Loiseau H, Facon T, Daviet A, Godon C, Rapp MJ, Harousseau JL, et al. 14q32 translocations and monosomy 13 observed in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance delineate a multistep process for the oncogenesis of multiple myeloma. Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome. Cancer Res 1999;59: 4546-50.
    • (1999) Cancer Res , vol.59 , pp. 4546-4550
    • Avet-Loiseau, H.1    Facon, T.2    Daviet, A.3    Godon, C.4    Rapp, M.J.5    Harousseau, J.L.6
  • 24
  • 26
    • 79953322412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The progression from MGUS to smoldering myeloma and eventually to multiple myeloma involves a clonal expansion of genetically abnormal plasma cells
    • Lopez-Corral L, Gutierrez NC, Vidriales MB, Mateos MV, Rasillo A, Garcia-Sanz R, et al. The progression from MGUS to smoldering myeloma and eventually to multiple myeloma involves a clonal expansion of genetically abnormal plasma cells. Clin Cancer Res 2011;17: 1692-700.
    • (2011) Clin Cancer Res , vol.17 , pp. 1692-1700
    • Lopez-Corral, L.1    Gutierrez, N.C.2    Vidriales, M.B.3    Mateos, M.V.4    Rasillo, A.5    Garcia-Sanz, R.6
  • 27
    • 0037085787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oncogenesis of multiple myeloma: 14q32 and 13q chromosomal abnormalities are not randomly distributed, but correlate with natural history, immunological features, and clinical presentation
    • Avet-Loiseau H, Facon T, Grosbois B, Magrangeas F, Rapp MJ, Harousseau JL, et al. Oncogenesis of multiple myeloma: 14q32 and 13q chromosomal abnormalities are not randomly distributed, but correlate with natural history, immunological features, and clinical presentation. Blood 2002;99: 2185-91.
    • (2002) Blood , vol.99 , pp. 2185-2191
    • Avet-Loiseau, H.1    Facon, T.2    Grosbois, B.3    Magrangeas, F.4    Rapp, M.J.5    Harousseau, J.L.6
  • 28
    • 0038142356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and biologic implications of recurrent genomic aberrations in myeloma
    • Fonseca R, Blood E, Rue M, Harrington D, Oken MM, Kyle RA, et al. Clinical and biologic implications of recurrent genomic aberrations in myeloma. Blood 2003;101: 4569-75.
    • (2003) Blood , vol.101 , pp. 4569-4575
    • Fonseca, R.1    Blood, E.2    Rue, M.3    Harrington, D.4    Oken, M.M.5    Kyle, R.A.6
  • 29
    • 27144441760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical implications of t(11;14)(q13;q32), t(4;14)(p16.3;q32), and -17p13 in myeloma patients treated with high-dose therapy
    • Gertz MA, Lacy MQ, Dispenzieri A, Greipp PR, Litzow MR, Henderson KJ, et al. Clinical implications of t(11;14)(q13;q32), t(4;14)(p16.3;q32), and -17p13 in myeloma patients treated with high-dose therapy. Blood 2005;106: 2837-40.
    • (2005) Blood , vol.106 , pp. 2837-2840
    • Gertz, M.A.1    Lacy, M.Q.2    Dispenzieri, A.3    Greipp, P.R.4    Litzow, M.R.5    Henderson, K.J.6
  • 31
    • 1442285889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of c-maf is a frequent oncogenic event in multiple myeloma that promotes proliferation and pathological interactions with bone marrow stroma
    • Hurt EM, Wiestner A, Rosenwald A, Shaffer AL, Campo E, Grogan T, et al. Overexpression of c-maf is a frequent oncogenic event in multiple myeloma that promotes proliferation and pathological interactions with bone marrow stroma. Cancer Cell 2004;5: 191-9.
    • (2004) Cancer Cell , vol.5 , pp. 191-199
    • Hurt, E.M.1    Wiestner, A.2    Rosenwald, A.3    Shaffer, A.L.4    Campo, E.5    Grogan, T.6
  • 32
    • 65349117527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MiRNAs and cancer
    • Visone R, Croce CM. MiRNAs and cancer. Am J Pathol 2009;174: 1131-8.
    • (2009) Am J Pathol , vol.174 , pp. 1131-1138
    • Visone, R.1    Croce, C.M.2
  • 35
    • 0035892119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rearrangements of the c-myc oncogene are present in 15% of primary human multiple myeloma tumors
    • Avet-Loiseau H, Gerson F, Magrangeas F, Minvielle S, Harousseau JL, Bataille R. Rearrangements of the c-myc oncogene are present in 15% of primary human multiple myeloma tumors. Blood 2001; 98: 3082-6.
    • (2001) Blood , vol.98 , pp. 3082-3086
    • Avet-Loiseau, H.1    Gerson, F.2    Magrangeas, F.3    Minvielle, S.4    Harousseau, J.L.5    Bataille, R.6
  • 37
    • 84864561961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole-genome sequencing of multiple myeloma from diagnosis to plasma cell leukemia reveals genomic initiating events, evolution, and clonal tides
    • Egan JB, Shi CX, Tembe W, Christoforides A,Kurdoglu A, Sinari S, et al. Whole-genome sequencing of multiple myeloma from diagnosis to plasma cell leukemia reveals genomic initiating events, evolution, and clonal tides. Blood 2012;120: 1060-6.
    • (2012) Blood , vol.120 , pp. 1060-1066
    • Egan, J.B.1    Shi, C.X.2    Tembe, W.3    Christoforides, A.4    Kurdoglu, A.5    Sinari, S.6
  • 39
    • 84864544413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraclonal heterogeneity and distinct molecular mechanisms characterize the development of t(4;14) and t(11;14) myeloma
    • Walker BA, Wardell CP, Melchor L, Hulkki S, Potter NE, Johnson DC, et al. Intraclonal heterogeneity and distinct molecular mechanisms characterize the development of t(4;14) and t(11;14) myeloma. Blood 2012;120: 1077-86.
    • (2012) Blood , vol.120 , pp. 1077-1086
    • Walker, B.A.1    Wardell, C.P.2    Melchor, L.3    Hulkki, S.4    Potter, N.E.5    Johnson, D.C.6
  • 40
    • 84864570434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darwinian evolution and tiding clones in multiple myeloma
    • Bahlis NJ. Darwinian evolution and tiding clones in multiple myeloma. Blood 2012;120: 927-8.
    • (2012) Blood , vol.120 , pp. 927-928
    • Bahlis, N.J.1
  • 41
    • 62549117773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease
    • Roodman GD. Pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease. Leukemia 2009;23: 435-41.
    • (2009) Leukemia , vol.23 , pp. 435-441
    • Roodman, G.D.1
  • 42
    • 4544360663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin and macrophage protein 1-alpha (MIP-1a) in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)
    • Politou M, Terpos E, Anagnostopoulos A, Szydlo R, Laffan M, Layton M, et al. Role of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin and macrophage protein 1-alpha (MIP-1a) in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Br J Haematol 2004;126: 686-9.
    • (2004) Br J Haematol , vol.126 , pp. 686-689
    • Politou, M.1    Terpos, E.2    Anagnostopoulos, A.3    Szydlo, R.4    Laffan, M.5    Layton, M.6
  • 43
    • 77957960294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and risk of skeletal fractures: A population-based study
    • Kristinsson SY, Tang M, Pfeiffer RM, Bjorkholm M, Blimark C, Mellqvist UH, et al. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and risk of skeletal fractures: a population-based study. Blood 2010; 116: 2651-5.
    • (2010) Blood , vol.116 , pp. 2651-2655
    • Kristinsson, S.Y.1    Tang, M.2    Pfeiffer, R.M.3    Bjorkholm, M.4    Blimark, C.5    Mellqvist, U.H.6
  • 44
    • 0346363760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the Wnt-signaling antagonist DKK1 in the development of osteolytic lesions in multiple myeloma
    • Tian E, Zhan F, Walker R, Rasmussen E,MaY, Barlogie B, et al. The role of the Wnt-signaling antagonist DKK1 in the development of osteolytic lesions in multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2003;349: 2483-94.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.349 , pp. 2483-2494
    • Tian, E.1    Zhan, F.2    Walker, R.3    Emay, R.4    Barlogie, B.5
  • 45
    • 79954445562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition between clonal plasma cells and normal cells for potentially overlapping bone marrow niches is associated with a progressively altered cellular distribution in MGUS vs myeloma
    • Paiva B, Perez-Andres M, Vidriales MB, Almeida J, de las Heras N, Mateos MV, et al. Competition between clonal plasma cells and normal cells for potentially overlapping bone marrow niches is associated with a progressively altered cellular distribution in MGUS vs myeloma. Leukemia 2011;25: 697-706.
    • (2011) Leukemia , vol.25 , pp. 697-706
    • Paiva, B.1    Perez-Andres, M.2    Vidriales, M.B.3    Almeida, J.4    De Las Heras, N.5    Mateos, M.V.6
  • 46
    • 33644847914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of bone marrow T cells in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, multiple myeloma, and plasma cell leukemia demonstrates increased infiltration by cytotoxic/Th1 T cells demonstrating a squed TCR-Vbeta repertoire
    • Perez-Andres M, Almeida J, Martin-Ayuso M, Moro MJ, Martin-Nunez G, Galende J, et al. Characterization of bone marrow T cells in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, multiple myeloma, and plasma cell leukemia demonstrates increased infiltration by cytotoxic/Th1 T cells demonstrating a squed TCR-Vbeta repertoire. Cancer 2006;106: 1296-305.
    • (2006) Cancer , vol.106 , pp. 1296-1305
    • Perez-Andres, M.1    Almeida, J.2    Martin-Ayuso, M.3    Moro, M.J.4    Martin-Nunez, G.5    Galende, J.6
  • 47
    • 0030868505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T cell repertoire in patients with multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: Clonal CD8+ T cell expansions are found preferentially in patients with a low tumor burden
    • Halapi E, Werner A, Wahlstrom J, Osterborg A, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Yi Q, et al. T cell repertoire in patients with multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: clonal CD8+ T cell expansions are found preferentially in patients with a low tumor burden. Eur J Immunol 1997;27: 2245-52.
    • (1997) Eur J Immunol , vol.27 , pp. 2245-2252
    • Halapi, E.1    Werner, A.2    Wahlstrom, J.3    Osterborg, A.4    Jeddi-Tehrani, M.5    Yi, Q.6
  • 48
    • 0345599884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vigorous premalignancy- specific effector T cell response in the bone marrow of patients with monoclonal gammopathy
    • Dhodapkar MV, Krasovsky J, Osman K, Geller MD. Vigorous premalignancy- specific effector T cell response in the bone marrow of patients with monoclonal gammopathy. J Exp Med 2003;198: 1753-7.
    • (2003) J Exp Med , vol.198 , pp. 1753-1757
    • Dhodapkar, M.V.1    Krasovsky, J.2    Osman, K.3    Geller, M.D.4
  • 49
    • 0038543513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reversible defect in natural killer T cell function characterizes the progression of premalignant to malignant multiple myeloma
    • Dhodapkar MV, Geller MD, Chang DH, Shimizu K, Fujii S, Dhodapkar KM, et al. A reversible defect in natural killer T cell function characterizes the progression of premalignant to malignant multiple myeloma. J Exp Med 2003;197: 1667-76.
    • (2003) J Exp Med , vol.197 , pp. 1667-1676
    • Dhodapkar, M.V.1    Geller, M.D.2    Chang, D.H.3    Shimizu, K.4    Fujii, S.5    Dhodapkar, K.M.6
  • 50
    • 77954013001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth factors in multiple myeloma: A comprehensive analysis of their expression in tumor cells and bone marrow environment using Affymetrix microarrays
    • Mahtouk K, Moreaux J, Hose D, Reme T, Meissner T, Jourdan M, et al. Growth factors in multiple myeloma: a comprehensive analysis of their expression in tumor cells and bone marrow environment using Affymetrix microarrays. BMC Cancer 2010;10: 198.
    • (2010) BMC Cancer , vol.10 , pp. 198
    • Mahtouk, K.1    Moreaux, J.2    Hose, D.3    Reme, T.4    Meissner, T.5    Jourdan, M.6
  • 53
    • 34047196684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: Predictors of malignant transformation and recognition of an evolving type characterized by a progressive increase in M protein size
    • Rosinol L, Cibeira MT, Montoto S, Rozman M, Esteve J, Filella X, et al. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: predictors of malignant transformation and recognition of an evolving type characterized by a progressive increase in M protein size. Mayo Clin Proc 2007;82: 428-34.
    • (2007) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.82 , pp. 428-434
    • Rosinol, L.1    Cibeira, M.T.2    Montoto, S.3    Rozman, M.4    Esteve, J.5    Filella, X.6
  • 54
    • 23044481861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum free light chain ratio is an independent risk factor for progression in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
    • Rajkumar SV, Kyle RA, Therneau TM, Melton LJ III, Bradwell AR, Clark RJ, et al. Serum free light chain ratio is an independent risk factor for progression in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Blood 2005;106: 812-7.
    • (2005) Blood , vol.106 , pp. 812-817
    • Rajkumar, S.V.1    Kyle, R.A.2    Therneau, T.M.3    Melton Iii, L.J.4    Bradwell, A.R.5    Clark, R.J.6
  • 56
    • 38349136782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoglobulin free light chain ratio is an independent risk factor for progression of smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma
    • Dispenzieri A, Kyle RA, Katzmann JA, Therneau TM, Larson D, Benson J, et al. Immunoglobulin free light chain ratio is an independent risk factor for progression of smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma. Blood 2008;111: 785-9.
    • (2008) Blood , vol.111 , pp. 785-789
    • Dispenzieri, A.1    Kyle, R.A.2    Katzmann, J.A.3    Therneau, T.M.4    Larson, D.5    Benson, J.6
  • 57
    • 79961107834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of smoldering multiple myeloma
    • Rajkumar SV, Larson D, Kyle RA. Diagnosis of smoldering multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2011;365: 474-5.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.365 , pp. 474-475
    • Rajkumar, S.V.1    Larson, D.2    Kyle, R.A.3
  • 58
    • 34948907366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New criteria to identify risk of progression in monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance and smoldering multiple myeloma based on multiparameter flow cytometry analysis of bone marrow plasma cells
    • Perez-Persona E, Vidriales MB, Mateo G, Garcia-Sanz R, Mateos MV, de Coca AG, et al. New criteria to identify risk of progression in monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance and smoldering multiple myeloma based on multiparameter flow cytometry analysis of bone marrow plasma cells. Blood 2007;110: 2586-92.
    • (2007) Blood , vol.110 , pp. 2586-2592
    • Perez-Persona, E.1    Vidriales, M.B.2    Mateo, G.3    Garcia-Sanz, R.4    Mateos, M.V.5    De Coca, A.G.6
  • 59
    • 0037087680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic factors for malignant transformation in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smoldering multiple myeloma
    • Cesana C, Klersy C, Barbarano L, Nosari AM, Crugnola M, Pungolino E, et al. Prognostic factors for malignant transformation in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smoldering multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2002;20: 1625-34.
    • (2002) J Clin Oncol , vol.20 , pp. 1625-1634
    • Cesana, C.1    Klersy, C.2    Barbarano, L.3    Nosari, A.M.4    Crugnola, M.5    Pungolino, E.6
  • 60
    • 77951937119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of focal lesions in whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in patients with asymptomatic multiple myeloma
    • Hillengass J, Fechtner K, WeberMA, Bauerle T, Ayyaz S, Heiss C, et al. Prognostic significance of focal lesions in whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in patients with asymptomatic multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2010;28: 1606-10.
    • (2010) J Clin Oncol , vol.28 , pp. 1606-1610
    • Hillengass, J.1    Fechtner, K.2    Weberma Bauerle, T.3    Ayyaz, S.4    Heiss, C.5
  • 61
    • 33646262189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal MRI of spine is dominant risk factor for early progression of asymptomatic multiple myeloma
    • Wang M, Alexanian R, Delasalle K, Weber D. Abnormal MRI of spine is dominant risk factor for early progression of asymptomatic multiple myeloma. Blood 2003;102: 687a.
    • (2003) Blood , vol.102
    • Wang, M.1    Alexanian, R.2    Delasalle, K.3    Weber, D.4
  • 62
    • 84873566523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of uninvolved immunoglobulins defined by heavy/light chain pair suppression is a risk factor for progression of MGUS
    • Epub 2012 Jul 11
    • Katzmann JA, Clark R, Kyle RA, Larson DR, TherneauTM, Melton LJ III, et al. Suppression of uninvolved immunoglobulins defined by heavy/light chain pair suppression is a risk factor for progression of MGUS. Leukemia. Epub 2012 Jul 11.
    • Leukemia
    • Katzmann, J.A.1    Clark, R.2    Kyle, R.A.3    Larson, D.R.4    Therneau, T.M.5    Melton Iii, L.J.6
  • 63
    • 24944551681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of circulating plasma cells in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
    • Kumar S, Rajkumar SV, Kyle RA, Lacy MQ, Dispenzieri A, Fonseca R, et al. Prognostic value of circulating plasma cells in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. J Clin Oncol 2005;23: 5668-74.
    • (2005) J Clin Oncol , vol.23 , pp. 5668-5674
    • Kumar, S.1    Rajkumar, S.V.2    Kyle, R.A.3    Lacy, M.Q.4    Dispenzieri, A.5    Fonseca, R.6
  • 65
    • 0023240104 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory investigation of monoclonal gammopathy during 10 years of screening in a general hospital
    • Malacrida V, De Francesco D, Banfi G, Porta FA, Riches PG. Laboratory investigation of monoclonal gammopathy during 10 years of screening in a general hospital. J Clin Pathol 1987;40: 793-7.
    • (1987) J Clin Pathol , vol.40 , pp. 793-797
    • Malacrida, V.1    De Francesco, D.2    Banfi, G.3    Porta, F.A.4    Riches, P.G.5
  • 66
    • 0013880673 scopus 로고
    • Frequency of pathological proteins (M-components) om 6,995 sera from an adult population
    • Axelsson U, Bachmann R, Hallen J. Frequency of pathological proteins (M-components) om 6,995 sera from an adult population. Acta Med Scand 1966;179: 235-47.
    • (1966) Acta Med Scand , vol.179 , pp. 235-247
    • Axelsson, U.1    Bachmann, R.2    Hallen, J.3
  • 67
    • 0027523010 scopus 로고
    • Initial versus deferred melphalan-prednisone therapy for asymptomatic multiple myeloma stage I - A randomized study. Myeloma Group of Western Sweden
    • Hjorth M, Hellquist L, Holmberg E, Magnusson B, Rodjer S, Westin J. Initial versus deferred melphalan-prednisone therapy for asymptomatic multiple myeloma stage I-a randomized study. Myeloma Group of Western Sweden. Eur J Haematol 1993;50: 95-102.
    • (1993) Eur J Haematol , vol.50 , pp. 95-102
    • Hjorth, M.1    Hellquist, L.2    Holmberg, E.3    Magnusson, B.4    Rodjer, S.5    Westin, J.6
  • 69
    • 54049130077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seven-year median time to progression with thalidomide for smoldering myeloma: Partial response identifies subset requiring earlier salvage therapy for symptomatic disease
    • Barlogie B, van Rhee F, Shaughnessy JD Jr, Epstein J, Yaccoby S, Pineda-Roman M, et al. Seven-year median time to progression with thalidomide for smoldering myeloma: partial response identifies subset requiring earlier salvage therapy for symptomatic disease. Blood 2008;112: 3122-5.
    • (2008) Blood , vol.112 , pp. 3122-3125
    • Barlogie, B.1    Van Rhee, F.2    Shaughnessy Jr., J.D.3    Epstein, J.4    Yaccoby, S.5    Pineda-Roman, M.6
  • 70
    • 54049124120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicenter, randomized clinical trial comparing zoledronic acid versus observation in patients with asymptomatic myeloma
    • Musto P, Petrucci MT, Bringhen S, Guglielmelli T, Caravita T, Bongarzoni V, et al. A multicenter, randomized clinical trial comparing zoledronic acid versus observation in patients with asymptomatic myeloma. Cancer 2008;113: 1588-95.
    • (2008) Cancer , vol.113 , pp. 1588-1595
    • Musto, P.1    Petrucci, M.T.2    Bringhen, S.3    Guglielmelli, T.4    Caravita, T.5    Bongarzoni, V.6
  • 71
    • 84859923520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smoldering multiple myeloma, and curcumin: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over 4g study and an open-label 8g extension study
    • Golombick T, Diamond TH, Manoharan A, Ramakrishna R. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smoldering multiple myeloma, and curcumin: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over 4g study and an open-label 8g extension study. Am J Hematol 2012;87: 455-60.
    • (2012) Am J Hematol , vol.87 , pp. 455-460
    • Golombick, T.1    Diamond, T.H.2    Manoharan, A.3    Ramakrishna, R.4
  • 72
    • 84874841208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) at high-risk of progression to symptomatic disease: A phase III, randomized, multicenter trial based on lenalidomide-dexamethasone (Len-Dex) as induction therapy followed by maintenance therapy with Len alone vs no treatment [abstract]
    • 2011 Dec 10-13; San Diego, CA. Washington, D.C.:ASH;. Abstract nr 991.
    • Mateos M, López-Corral L, Hernandez M, Giraldo P, Rubia JDL, Arriba Fd, Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) at high-risk of progression to symptomatic disease: a phase III, randomized, multicenter trial based on lenalidomide-dexamethasone (Len-Dex) as induction therapy followed by maintenance therapy with Len alone vs no treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 53rd ASH Annual Meeting and Exposition; 2011 Dec 10-13; San Diego, CA. Washington, D.C.:ASH; 2011. Abstract nr 991.
    • (2011) Proceedings of the 53rd ASH Annual Meeting and Exposition
    • Mateos, M.1    López-Corral, L.2    Hernandez, M.3    Giraldo, P.4    Rubia, J.D.L.5    Fd, A.6
  • 73
    • 84874872344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Accessed 2012 Nov 4].
    • ClinicalTrials.Gov. [Accessed 2012 Nov 4]. Available from: www. clinicaltrials.gov.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.