메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 1595-1606

Stratospheric variability in twentieth-century CMIP5 simulations of the met office climate model: High top versus low top

Author keywords

General circulation models; Middle atmosphere; Model evaluation performance; Quasibiennial oscillation; Stratospheric circulation; Tropical variability

Indexed keywords

GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; MODEL EVALUATION/PERFORMANCE; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; STRATOSPHERIC CIRCULATIONS; TROPICAL VARIABILITY;

EID: 84874809561     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00147.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (50)

References (55)
  • 3
    • 0035913971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric harbingers of anomalous weather regimes
    • doi:10.1126/science.1063315.
    • Baldwin, M. P., and T. J. Dunkerton, 2001: Stratospheric harbingers of anomalous weather regimes. Science, 294, 581-584, doi:10.1126/science.1063315.
    • (2001) Science , vol.294 , pp. 581-584
    • Baldwin, M.P.1    Dunkerton, T.J.2
  • 4
    • 17844403487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The quasi-biennial oscillation
    • Baldwin, and Coauthors, 2001: The quasi-biennial oscillation. Rev. Geophys., 39, 179-229.
    • (2001) Rev. Geophys. , vol.39 , pp. 179-229
    • Baldwin et, al.1
  • 5
    • 0042768168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric memory and skill of extended-range weather forecasts
    • doi:10.1126/science.1087143
    • Baldwin, D. B. Stephenson, D. W. J. Thompson, T. J. Dunkerton, A. J. Charlton, and A. O'Neill, 2003: Stratospheric memory and skill of extended-range weather forecasts. Science, 301, 636- 640, doi:10.1126/science.1087143.
    • (2003) Science , vol.301 , pp. 636-640
    • Baldwin, D.B.1    Stephenson, D.W.J.T.2    Dunkerton, T.J.3    Charlton, A.J.4    O'Neill, A.5
  • 6
    • 68849085595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric communication of El Niño teleconnections to European winter
    • Bell, C. J., L. J. Gray, A. J. Charlton-Perez, M. M. Joshi, and A. A. Scaife, 2009: Stratospheric communication of El Niño teleconnections to European winter. J. Climate, 22, 4083-4096.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 4083-4096
    • Bell, C.J.1    Gray, L.J.2    Charlton-Perez, A.J.3    Joshi, M.M.4    Scaife, A.A.5
  • 7
    • 84977286530 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a world circulation provided by the measurements of helium and water vapour distribution in the stratosphere
    • doi:10.1002/qj.49707532603
    • Brewer, A. W., 1949: Evidence for a world circulation provided by the measurements of helium and water vapour distribution in the stratosphere. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 75, 351-363, doi:10.1002/qj.49707532603.
    • (1949) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.75 , pp. 351-363
    • Brewer, A.W.1
  • 8
    • 33750606092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty estimates in regional and global observed temperature changes: A new data set from 1850
    • doi:10.1029/2005JD006548
    • Brohan, P., J. J. Kennedy, I. Harris, S. F. B. Tett, and P. D. Jones, 2006: Uncertainty estimates in regional and global observed temperature changes: A new data set from 1850. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12106, doi:10.1029/2005JD006548.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.111
    • Brohan, P.1    Kennedy, J.J.2    Harris, I.3    Tett, S.F.B.4    Jones, P.D.5
  • 9
    • 79952483337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multimodel climate and variability of the stratosphere
    • doi:10.1029/2010JD014995
    • Butchart, N., and Coauthors, 2011: Multimodel climate and variability of the stratosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 116, D05102, doi:10.1029/2010JD014995.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res , vol.116
    • Butchart, N.1
  • 11
    • 81155127439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ozone database in support of CMIP5 simulations: Results and corresponding radiative forcing
    • doi:10.5194/acpd-11-10875-2011
    • Cionni I., and Coauthors, 2011: Ozone database in support of CMIP5 simulations: Results and corresponding radiative forcing. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 11, 10 875-10 933, doi:10.5194/acpd-11-10875-2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. , vol.11
    • Cionni, I.1
  • 12
    • 0034626765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model
    • doi:10.1038/35041539
    • Cox, P. M., R.A. Betts, C. D. Jones, S. A. Spall, and I. J. Totterdell, 2000: Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model. Nature, 408, 184-187, doi:10.1038/35041539.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 184-187
    • Cox, P.M.1    Betts, R.A.2    Jones, C.D.3    Spall, S.A.4    Totterdell, I.J.5
  • 13
    • 77949261607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of stratospheric variability on tropospheric climate change
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-009-0580-1
    • Dall'Amico,M., P.A. Stott, A. A. Scaife, L. J.Gray, K. H. Rosenlof, and A. Y. Karpechko, 2010: Impact of stratospheric variability on tropospheric climate change. Climate Dyn., 34 (2-3), 399-417, doi:10.1007/s00382-009-0580-1.
    • (2010) Climate Dyn. , vol.34 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 399-417
    • Dall'Amico, M.1    Stott, P.A.2    Scaife, A.A.3    Gray, L.J.4    Rosenlof, K.H.5    Karpechko, A.Y.6
  • 14
    • 79955446270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system
    • doi:10.1002/ qj.828
    • Dee, D. P., and Coauthors, 2011: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 553-597, doi:10.1002/ qj.828.
    • (2011) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.137 , pp. 553-597
    • Dee, D.P.1
  • 15
    • 67649185181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age of stratospheric air unchanged within uncertainties over the past 30 years
    • doi:10.1038/NGEO388
    • Engel, A., and Coauthors, 2009: Age of stratospheric air unchanged within uncertainties over the past 30 years. Nat. Geosci., 2, 28-31, doi:10.1038/NGEO388.
    • (2009) Nat. Geosci. , vol.2 , pp. 28-31
    • Engel, A.1
  • 16
    • 0025660480 scopus 로고
    • The role of the seasonal cycle in the quasi-biennial oscillation of ozone
    • Gray, L., and T. Dunkerton, 1990: The role of the seasonal cycle in the quasi-biennial oscillation of ozone. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2429-2451.
    • (1990) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 2429-2451
    • Gray, L.1    Dunkerton, T.2
  • 17
    • 77955526879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The climatology of the middle atmosphere in a vertically extended version of the Met Office's climate model. Part I: Mean state
    • Hardiman, S. C., N. Butchart, S. M. Osprey, L. J. Gray, A. C. Bushell, and T. J. Hinton, 2010: The climatology of the middle atmosphere in a vertically extended version of the Met Office's climate model. Part I: Mean state. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 1509-1525.
    • (2010) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 1509-1525
    • Hardiman, S.C.1    Butchart, N.2    Osprey, S.M.3    Gray, L.J.4    Bushell, A.C.5    Hinton, T.J.6
  • 18
    • 80053605839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved predictability of the troposphere using stratospheric final warmings
    • doi:10.1029/2011JD015914
    • Hardiman and Coauthors, 2011: Improved predictability of the troposphere using stratospheric final warmings. J. Geophys. Res., 116, D18113, doi:10.1029/2011JD015914.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Hardiman et, al.1
  • 19
    • 84867669763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of a well-resolved stratosphere on surface climate: Differences between CMIP5 simulations with high and low top versions of the Met Office Climate Model
    • Hardiman, N. Butchart, T. J. Hinton, S. M. Osprey, and L. J. Gray, 2012: The effect of a well-resolved stratosphere on surface climate: Differences between CMIP5 simulations with high and low top versions of the Met Office Climate Model. J. Climate, 25, 7083-7099.
    • (2012) J. Climate , vol.25 , pp. 7083-7099
    • Hardiman, N.B.1    Hinton, T.J.2    Osprey, S.M.3    Gray, L.J.4
  • 21
    • 35148885585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observed poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation since 1979
    • Hu Y., and Q. Fu, 2007: Observed poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation since 1979. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5229-5236.
    • (2007) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.7 , pp. 5229-5236
    • Hu, Y.1    Fu, Q.2
  • 22
    • 67449119352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the stratosphere in the European climate response to El Niñ o
    • doi:10.1038/ngeo381
    • Ineson S., and A. A. Scaife, 2009: The role of the stratosphere in the European climate response to El Niñ o. Nat. Geosci., 2, 32-36, doi:10.1038/ngeo381.
    • (2009) Nat. Geosci. , vol.2 , pp. 32-36
    • Ineson, S.1    Scaife, A.A.2
  • 23
    • 84922270278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HadGEM2-ES implementation of CMIP5 centennial simulations
    • doi:10.5194/gmd-4-543-2011
    • Jones, C. D., and Coauthors, 2011: HadGEM2-ES implementation of CMIP5 centennial simulations. Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 543-570, doi:10.5194/gmd-4-543-2011.
    • (2011) Geosci. Model Dev. , vol.4 , pp. 543-570
    • Jones, C.D.1
  • 24
    • 0038227570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemispheric and large-scale surface air temperature variations: An extensive revision and an update to 2001
    • Jones, P., and A. Moberg, 2003: Hemispheric and large-scale surface air temperature variations: An extensive revision and an update to 2001. J. Climate, 16, 206-223.
    • (2003) J. Climate , vol.16 , pp. 206-223
    • Jones, P.1    Moberg, A.2
  • 25
    • 0032876137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface air temperature and its changes over the past 150 years
    • Jones,M. New, D. Parker, S. Martin, and I. Rigor, 1999: Surface air temperature and its changes over the past 150 years. Rev. Geophys., 37, 173-199.
    • (1999) Rev. Geophys. , vol.37 , pp. 173-199
    • New, J.M.1    Parker, D.2    Martin, S.3    Rigor, I.4
  • 26
    • 84861384691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The HadGEM2 family of Met Office Unified Model Climate configurations
    • doi:10.5194/gmdd-4-765-2011
    • Martin, G. M., and Coauthors, 2011: The HadGEM2 family of Met Office Unified Model Climate configurations. Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., 4, 765-841, doi:10.5194/gmdd-4-765-2011.
    • (2011) Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss. , vol.4 , pp. 765-841
    • Martin, G.M.1
  • 27
    • 70349608957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blocking precursors to stratospheric sudden warming events
    • doi:10.1029/2009GL038776
    • Martius, O., L. M. Polvani, and H. C. Davies, 2009: Blocking precursors to stratospheric sudden warming events. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L14806, doi:10.1029/2009GL038776.
    • (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.36
    • Martius, O.1    Polvani, L.M.2    Davies, H.C.3
  • 28
    • 78650970709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric circulation in seasonal forecasting models: Implications for seasonal prediction
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-009- 0665-x
    • Maycock, A. C., S. P. E. Keeley, A. J. Charlton-Perez, and F. J. Doblas-Reyes, 2011: Stratospheric circulation in seasonal forecasting models: Implications for seasonal prediction. Climate Dyn., 36 (1-2), 309-321, doi:10.1007/s00382-009- 0665-x.
    • (2011) Climate Dyn. , vol.36 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 309-321
    • Maycock, A.C.1    Keeley, S.P.E.2    Charlton-Perez, A.J.3    Doblas-Reyes, F.J.4
  • 29
    • 0028981332 scopus 로고
    • Climate response to increasing levels of greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosols
    • doi:10.1038/376501a0
    • Mitchell, J. F. B., T. C. Johns, J. M. Gregory, and S. F. B. Tett, 1995: Climate response to increasing levels of greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosols. Nature, 376, 501-504, doi:10.1038/376501a0.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.376 , pp. 501-504
    • Mitchell, J.F.B.1    Johns, T.C.2    Gregory, J.M.3    Tett, S.F.B.4
  • 30
    • 0029769241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An atmospheric tape recorder: The imprint of tropical tropopause temperatures on stratospheric water vapor
    • Mote, P. W., and Coauthors, 1996: An atmospheric tape recorder: The imprint of tropical tropopause temperatures on stratospheric water vapor. J. Geophys. Res., 101 (D2), 3989-4006.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , Issue.D2 , pp. 3989-4006
    • Mote, P.W.1
  • 31
    • 0347076459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of northern hemisphere surface climate to simulation of the stratospheric polar vortex
    • doi:10.1029/2003GL016958
    • Norton, W. A., 2003: Sensitivity of northern hemisphere surface climate to simulation of the stratospheric polar vortex. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1627, doi:10.1029/2003GL016958.
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30 , pp. 1627
    • Norton, W.A.1
  • 32
    • 77955536522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The climatology of the middle atmosphere in a vertically extended version of the Met Office's climate model. Part II: Variability
    • Osprey, S. M., L. J. Gray, S. C. Hardiman, N. Butchart, A. C. Bushell, and T. J. Hinton, 2010: The climatology of the middle atmosphere in a vertically extended version of the Met Office's climate model. Part II: Variability. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 3637-3651.
    • (2010) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 3637-3651
    • Osprey, S.M.1    Gray, L.J.2    Hardiman, S.C.3    Butchart, N.4    Bushell, A.C.5    Hinton, T.J.6
  • 33
    • 0001622751 scopus 로고
    • The association of stratospheric warmings with tropospheric blocking
    • Quiroz, R. S., 1986: The association of stratospheric warmings with tropospheric blocking. J. Geophys. Res., 91 (D4), 5277-5285.
    • (1986) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.91 , Issue.D4 , pp. 5277-5285
    • Quiroz, R.S.1
  • 34
    • 0742305193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century
    • doi:10.1029/2002JD002670
    • Rayner, N. A., D. E. Parker, E. B. Horton, C. K. Folland, L. V. Alexander, D. P. Rowell, E. C. Kent, and A. Kaplan, 2003: Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4407, doi:10.1029/2002JD002670.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 4407
    • Rayner, N.A.1    Parker, D.E.2    Horton, E.B.3    Folland, C.K.4    Alexander, L.V.5    Rowell, D.P.6    Kent, E.C.7    Kaplan, A.8
  • 35
    • 33645230218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved analyses of changes and uncertainties in sea surface temperature measured in situ since the mid-nineteenth century: The HadSST2 dataset
    • Rayner, P. Brohan, D. E. Parker, C. K. Folland, J. J. Kennedy, M. Vanicek, T. J. Ansell, and S. F. B. Tett, 2006: Improved analyses of changes and uncertainties in sea surface temperature measured in situ since the mid-nineteenth century: The HadSST2 dataset. J. Climate, 19, 446-469.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 446-469
    • Rayner, P.B.1    Parker, D.E.2    Folland, C.K.3    Kennedy, J.J.4    Vanicek, M.5    Ansell, T.J.6    Tett, S.F.B.7
  • 36
    • 0033208511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient climate change simulations with a coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM including the tropospheric sulfur cycle
    • Roeckner, E., L. Bengtsson, J. Feichter, J. Lelieveld, and H. Rodhe, 1999: Transient climate change simulations with a coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM including the tropospheric sulfur cycle. J. Climate, 12, 3004-3032.
    • (1999) J. Climate , vol.12 , pp. 3004-3032
    • Roeckner, E.1    Bengtsson, L.2    Feichter, J.3    Lelieveld, J.4    Rodhe, H.5
  • 37
    • 49249094725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in the temperature and water vapor content of the tropical lower stratosphere: Sea surface connection
    • doi:10.1029/2007JD009109
    • Rosenlof, K. H., and G. C. Reid, 2008: Trends in the temperature and water vapor content of the tropical lower stratosphere: Sea surface connection. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D06107, doi:10.1029/2007JD009109.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Rosenlof, K.H.1    Reid, G.C.2
  • 38
    • 0027878276 scopus 로고
    • The Halogen Occultation Experiment
    • Russell, J. M., III, and Coauthors, 1993: The Halogen Occultation Experiment. J. Geophys. Res., 98 (D6), 10 777-10 797.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , Issue.D6 , pp. 10777-10797
    • Russell, J.M.1
  • 39
    • 77958544267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the middle atmosphere in simulations of the troposphere during Northern Hemisphere winter: Differences between high- and low-top models
    • Sassi, F., R. R. Garcia, D. Marsh, and K. W. Hoppel, 2010: The role of the middle atmosphere in simulations of the troposphere during Northern Hemisphere winter: Differences between high- and low-top models. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 3048-3064.
    • (2010) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 3048-3064
    • Sassi, F.1    Garcia, R.R.2    Marsh, D.3    Hoppel, K.W.4
  • 40
    • 0036271896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of a spectral gravity wave parameterization on the stratosphere in the Met Office Unified Model
    • Scaife, A., N. Butchart, C. Warner, and R. Swinbank, 2002: Impact of a spectral gravity wave parameterization on the stratosphere in the Met Office Unified Model. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1473-1489.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 1473-1489
    • Scaife, A.1    Butchart, N.2    Warner, C.3    Swinbank, R.4
  • 41
    • 27744570977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A stratospheric influence on the winterNAOand North Atlantic surface climate
    • doi:10.1029/ 2005GL023226
    • Scaife, J. R. Knight, G. K. Vallis, and C. K. Folland, 2005: A stratospheric influence on the winterNAOand North Atlantic surface climate. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L18715, doi:10.1029/ 2005GL023226.
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.32
    • Scaife1    Knight, J.R.2    Vallis, G.K.3    Folland, C.K.4
  • 42
    • 84860346738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change projections and stratosphere-troposphere interaction
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1080-7
    • Scaife, and Coauthors, 2012: Climate change projections and stratosphere-troposphere interaction. Climate Dyn., 38 (9-10), 2089-2097, doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1080-7.
    • (2012) Climate Dyn. , vol.38 , Issue.9-10 , pp. 2089-2097
    • Scaife et, al.1
  • 43
    • 48249129647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Widening of the tropical belt in a changing climate
    • doi:10.1038/ngeo.2007.38
    • Seidel, D. J., Q. Fu, W. J. Randel, and T. J. Reichler, 2008: Widening of the tropical belt in a changing climate. Nat. Geosci., 1, 21-24, doi:10.1038/ngeo.2007.38
    • (2008) Nat. Geosci. , vol.1 , pp. 21-24
    • Seidel, D.J.1    Fu, Q.2    Randel, W.J.3    Reichler, T.J.4
  • 45
    • 65349180187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric science: Raising the roof
    • doi:10.1038/ngeo.2007.53
    • Shaw, T.A., andT.G. Shepherd, 2008:Atmospheric science: Raising the roof. Nat. Geosci., 1, 12-13, doi:10.1038/ngeo.2007.53.
    • (2008) Nat. Geosci. , vol.1 , pp. 12-13
    • Shaw, T.A.1    Shepherd, T.G.2
  • 46
    • 50849125764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of the stratosphere on tropospheric climate change
    • doi:10.1029/2008GL033573
    • Sigmond, M., J. F. Scinocca, and P. J. Kushner, 2008: Impact of the stratosphere on tropospheric climate change. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L12706, doi:10.1029/2008GL033573.
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.35
    • Sigmond, M.1    Scinocca, J.F.2    Kushner, P.J.3
  • 47
    • 0032914311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric water vapour and tropical tropopause temperatures in ECMWFanalyses andmulti-year simulations
    • doi:10.1256/smsqj.55316
    • Simmons, A. J., A. Untch, C. Jakob, P. Kallberg, and P. Unden, 1999: Stratospheric water vapour and tropical tropopause temperatures in ECMWFanalyses andmulti-year simulations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 353-386, doi:10.1256/smsqj.55316.
    • (1999) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.125 , pp. 353-386
    • Simmons, A.J.1    Untch, A.2    Jakob, C.3    Kallberg, P.4    Unden, P.5
  • 49
    • 0034671839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • External control of 20th century temperature by natural and anthropogenic forcings
    • doi:10.1126/science.290.5499.2133
    • Stott, P. A., S. F. B. Tett, G. S. Jones, M. R. Allen, J. F. B. Mitchell, and G. J. Jenkins, 2000: External control of 20th century temperature by natural and anthropogenic forcings. Science, 290, 2133-2137, doi:10.1126/science.290.5499.2133.
    • (2000) Science , vol.290 , pp. 2133-2137
    • Stott, P.A.1    Tett, S.F.B.2    Jones, G.S.3    Allen, M.R.4    Mitchell, J.F.B.5    Jenkins, G.J.6
  • 50
    • 45849153129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a statistical connection between stratospheric sudden warmingand tropospheric blocking events?
    • Taguchi, M., 2008: Is there a statistical connection between stratospheric sudden warmingand tropospheric blocking events? J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1442-1454.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 1442-1454
    • Taguchi, M.1
  • 51
    • 27144554835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ERA-40 Re-Analysis
    • doi:10.1256/ qj.04.176
    • Uppala, S. M., and Coauthors, 2005: The ERA-40 Re-Analysis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961-3012, doi:10.1256/ qj.04.176.
    • (2005) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.131 , pp. 2961-3012
    • Uppala, S.M.1
  • 52
    • 0029412565 scopus 로고
    • Phase-space characteristics of the tropical stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation
    • Wang, R., K. Fraedrich, and S. Pawson, 1995: Phase-space characteristics of the tropical stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 4482-4500.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 4482-4500
    • Wang, R.1    Fraedrich, K.2    Pawson, S.3
  • 53
    • 77951899490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between stratospheric variability and tropospheric blocking
    • doi:10.1029/2009JD012742
    • Woollings, T., A. Charlton-Perez, S. Ineson, A. G. Marshall, and G. Masato, 2010a: Associations between stratospheric variability and tropospheric blocking. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D06108, doi:10.1029/2009JD012742.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Woollings, T.1    Charlton-Perez, A.2    Ineson, S.3    Marshall, A.G.4    Masato, G.5
  • 54
    • 77958599378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced signature of solar variability in Eurasian winter climate
    • doi:10.1029/2010GL044601
    • Wang, M. Lockwood, G. Masato, C. Bell, and L. Gray, 2010b: Enhanced signature of solar variability in Eurasian winter climate. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L20805, doi:10.1029/2010GL044601.
    • (2010) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.37
    • Wang, M.L.1    Masato, G.2    Bell, C.3    Gray, L.4
  • 55
    • 3142590948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An efficient and accurate correlated-k parameterization of infrared radiative transfer for troposphere-stratosphere-mesosphere GCMs
    • doi:10.1006/asle.2000.0014
    • Zhong, W., and J. D. Haigh, 2000: An efficient and accurate correlated-k parameterization of infrared radiative transfer for troposphere-stratosphere-mesosphere GCMs. Atmos. Sci. Lett., 1, 125-135, doi:10.1006/asle.2000.0014.
    • (2000) Atmos. Sci. Lett. , vol.1 , pp. 125-135
    • Zhong, W.1    Haigh, J.D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.