Temporal variability in the chemical weathering of Ca2+-bearing phases in the Loch Vale watershed, Colorado, USA: A mass-balance approach

Chemical Geology

Volumn 342, Issue , 2013, Pages 151-166

  Price, Jason R ^a   Peresolak, Katherine ^a,d   Brice, Rebecca L ^b,e   Tefend, Karen S ^c  

^a MILLERSVILLE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b US National Park Service   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WEST GEORGIA   (United States)

^d GAI Consultants Inc   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF DENVER   (United States)

Author keywords

Apatite; Calcite; Loch Vale watershed; Mass balance methods; Mineral weathering rates; Oligoclase

Indexed keywords

ALPINE WATERSHED; CHEMICAL WEATHERING; COLORADO , USA; COMPLETE DISSOLUTION; EXPOSED TO; HIGH ELEVATION; HYDROGEOCHEMICAL DATA; HYDROLOGIC FLOW; MASS BALANCE; MASS-BALANCE CALCULATIONS; MASS-BALANCE METHOD; MECHANICAL PROCESS; MINERAL ASSEMBLAGE; MINERAL WEATHERING; OLIGOCLASE; PHYSICAL WEATHERING; PRIMARY SOURCES; ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK; SOLUTE BUDGETS; STREAM SEDIMENTS; STREAM WATER; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY;

APATITE; CALCITE; CALCIUM; DISSOLUTION; GEOCHEMISTRY; LANDFORMS; MINERALS; SEDIMENTOLOGY; SEDIMENTS; SULFURIC ACID; WATERSHEDS;

WEATHERING;

APATITE; CALCITE; CALCIUM; CHEMICAL WEATHERING; DISSOLUTION; HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY; MASS BALANCE; PHOSPHORUS; STREAMWATER; SULFURIC ACID; TEMPORAL VARIATION; WATERSHED;

COLORADO; LOCH VALE; ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK; UNITED STATES;

ALGAE;

EID: 84874784372     PISSN: 00092541     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.02.001     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Aplet G.H., Smith F.W., Laven R.D. Stemwood biomass and production during spruce-fir stand development. Journal of Ecology 1989, 77:70-77.
2. Arthur M.A. Vegetation. Springer Ecological Studies Series 1992, 90:76-92. J. Baron (Ed.).
3. Arthur M.A., Fahey P.J. Mass and nutrient content of decaying boles in an Englemann Spruce-Subalpine Fir forest, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 1990, 20:730-737.
4. Aubert D., Stille P., Probst A. REE fractionation during granite weathering and removal by waters and suspended loads: Sr and Nd isotopic evidence. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2001, 65:387-406.
5. Aubert D., Stille P., Probst A., Gauthier-Lafaye F., Pourcelot L., Del nero M. Characterization and migration of atmospheric REE in soils and surface waters. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2002, 66:3339-3350.
6. Bailey S.W., Buso D.C., Likens G.E. Implications of sodium mass-balance for interpreting the calcium cycle of a forested ecosystem. Ecology 2003, 84:471-484.
7. Baron J., Bricker O.P. Hydrologic and chemical flux in Loch Vale watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park. Chemical Quality of Water and the Hydrologic Cycle 1987, 141-156. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI. D. Mcknight, R.C. Averett (Eds.).
8. Baron J., Denning A.S. Hydrologic budget estimates. Springer Ecological Studies Series 1992, 90:28-47. J. Baron (Ed.).
9. Baron J., Mast M.A. Regional characterization and setting for the Loch Vale watershed study. Springer Ecological Studies Series 1992, 90:12-27. J. Baron (Ed.).
10. Baron J., Denning A.S., McLaughlin P. Deposition. Springer Ecological Studies Series 1992, 90:48-75. J. Baron (Ed.).
11. Baron J., Walthall P.M., Mast M.A., Arthur M.A. Soils. Springer Ecological Studies Series 1992, 90:108-141. J. Baron (Ed.).
12. Baron J., Allstott E.J., Newkird B.K. Analysis of long term sulfate and nitrate budgets in a Rocky Mountain basin. Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments 1995, 228:255-261. IAHS Publication. M.W. Williams, K. Tonnessen, M. Tranter (Eds.).
13. Blöschl G., Ardoin-Bardin S., Bonell M., Dominger M., Goodrich D., Gutknetch D., Matamoros D., Merz B., Shand P., Szolgay J. At what scales do climate variability and land cover change impact on flooding and low flows?. Hydrological Processes 2007, 21:1241-1247.
14. Blum J.D., Klaue A., Nezat C.A., Driscoll C.T., Johnson C.E., Siccama T.G., Eager C., Fahey T., Likens G.E. Mycorrhizal weathering of apatite as an important calcium source in base-poor forest ecosystems. Nature 2002, 417:729-731.
15. Bowser C.J., Jones B.F. Mineralogic controls on the composition of natural waters dominated by silicate hydrolysis. American Journal of Science 2002, 32:582-662.
16. Brantley, S.L., 2003. Reaction kinetics of primary rock-forming minerals under ambient conditions, in: Holland, H. D., Turekian, K. K. (Ex. Eds.), Treatise on Geochemistry 5. Drever, J. I. (Ed.), Surface and Ground Water, Weathering, and Soils. Elsevier, New York, pp. 73-117.
17. Braun J.-J., Dwscloitres M., Riotte J., Fleury S., Barbiéro L., Boeglin J.-L., Violette A., Lacarce E., Ruiz L., Sekhar M., Kumar M.S.M., Subramanian S., Dupré B. Regolith mass balance inferred from combined mineralogical, geochemical and geophysical studies: Mule Hole gneissic watershed, South India. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2009, 73:935-961.
18. Bricker O.P. Geochemical investigations of selected Eastern United States watersheds affected by acid deposition. Journal of the Geological Society 1986, 143:621-626.
19. Bricker O.P., Godfrey A.E., Cleaves E.T. Mineral-water interaction during the chemical weathering of silicates. Advances in Chemistry Series 1968, 73:128-142. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. R.A. Baker (Ed.).
20. Bricker, O.P., Jones, B.F., Bowser, C.J., 2003. Mass-balance approach to interpreting weathering reactions in watershed systems, in: Holland, H. D., Turekian, K. K. (Ex. Eds.), Treatise on Geochemistry 5. Drever, J. I. (Ed.), Surface and Ground Water, Weathering, and Soils. Elsevier, New York, pp. 119-132.
21. Buss H.L., Sak P.B., Webb S.M., Brantley S.L. Weathering of the Rio Blanco quartz diorite, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: coupling oxidation, dissolution, and fracturing. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2008, 72:4488-4507.
22. Campbell D.H., Clow D.W., Ingersoll G.P., Mast M.A., Spahr N.E., Turk J.T. Processes controlling the chemistry of two snowmelt-dominated streams in the Rocky Mountains. Water Resources Research 1995, 31:2811-2821.
23. Chang L.L.Y., Howie R.A., Zussman J. Rock-Forming Minerals Volume 5B, Non-silicates: Sulphates, Carbonates, Phosphates, Halides 1998, The Geological Society, London.
24. Cleaves E.T., Godfrey A.E., Bricker O.P. Geochemical balance of a small watershed and its geomorphic implications. GSA Bulletin 1970, 81:3015-3032.
25. Clow D.W., Sueker J.K. Relations between basin characteristics and stream water chemistry in alpine/subalpine basins in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Water Resources Research 2000, 36:49-61.
26. Clow D.W., Mast M.A., Bullen T.D., Turk J.T. Strontium 87/strontium 86 as a tracer of mineral weathering reactions and calcium sources in an alpine/subalpine watershed, Loch Vale, Colorado. Water Resources Research 1997, 33:1335-1351.
27. Cole, J.C., 1977, Geology of East-Central Rocky Mountain National Park and vicinity, with emphasis on the emplacement of the Precambrian Silver Plume Granite in the Longs Peak - St Vrain Batholith [Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation]. University of Colorado, Boulder.
28. Creasey J., Edwards A.C., Reid J.M., MacLoud D.A., Cresser M.S. The use of watershed studies for assessing chemical weathering rates in two contrasting upland areas in northeast Scotland. Rates of Chemical Weathering of Rocks and Minerals 1986, 467-502. Academic Press Inc., New York. S.M. Colman, D.P. Dethier (Eds.).
29. Drever J.I. Watershed mass-balance. Geochemical Processes, Weathering and Ground water Recharge in Watersheds 1997, 241-261. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. O.M. Saether, A.A. de Caritat (Eds.).
30. Drever J.I. The Geochemistry of Natural Waters: Surface and Groundwater Environments 1997, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 3rd ed.
31. Drever J.I., Clow D.W. Weathering rates in catchments. Reviews in Mineralogy 1995, 31:463-484. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C. A.F. White, S.L. Brantley (Eds.).
32. Drever J.I., Hurcomb D.R. Neutralization of atmospheric acidity by chemical weathering in an alpine drainage basin in the North Cascade Mountains. Geology 1986, 14:221-224.
33. Garrels R.M., Mackenzie F.T. Origin of the chemical compositions of some springs and lakes. American Chemical Society Advances in Chemistry Series 1967, 67:222-242. W. Stumm (Ed.).
34. Hutchinson R.M. Precambrian geology of western and central Colorado and southern Wyoming. Studies in Colorado Field Geology, Colorado School of Mines Professional Contributions 1976, 73-77. R.C. Epis, R.J. Weimer (Eds.).
35. Juang F.H.T., Johnson N.M. Cycling of chlorine through a forested watershed in New England. Journal of Geophysical Research 1967, 250:566-585.
36. Lasaga A.C. Chemical kinetics of water-rock interactions. Journal of Geophysical Research 1984, 89:4009-4025.
37. Likens G.E., Bormann F.B. Biogeochemistry of a Forested Ecosystem 1995, Springer-Verlag, New York.
38. Lins H.F. Recent directions taken in water, energy, and biogeochemical budgets research. EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 1994, 75:438-439.
39. Lovering T.S. Geology and ore deposits of the Montezuma Quadrangle, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1935, 178.
40. Lovett G.M., Burns D.A., Driscoll C.T., Jenkins J.C., Mitchell M.J., Rustad L., Shanley J.B., Likens G.E., Haeuber R. Who needs environmental monitoring?. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2007, 5:253-260.
41. Mast M.A. Geochemical characteristics. Springer Ecological Studies Series 1992, 90:93-107. J. Baron (Ed.).
42. Mast M.A., Drever J.I., Baron J. Chemical weathering in the Loch Vale watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Water Resources Research 1990, 26:2971-2978.
43. Nesse, W., 1977. Geology and metamorphic petrology of the Pingree Park Area, Northeast Front Range, Colorado [Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation]. University of Colorado, Boulder.
44. Oliva P., Dupré B., Martin F., Viers J. The role of trace minerals in chemical weathering in a high-elevation granitic watershed (Estibère, France): chemical and mineralogical evidence. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2004, 68:2223-2244.
45. Pan Y., Fleet M.E. Compositions of the apatite-group minerals: substitution mechanisms and controlling factors. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 2002, 48:13-50. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C. M.L. Kohn, J. Rakovan, J.M. Hughes (Eds.).
46. Peet R.K. Forests of the Rocky Mountains. North American Terrestrial Vegetation 1988, 63-102. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA. M.G. Barbour, W.D. Billings (Eds.).
47. Peterman Z.E., Hedge C.E., Braddock W.A. Age of Precambrian events in the Northwestern Front Range, Colorado. Journal of Geophysical Research 1968, 73:2277-2296.
48. Piccoli P.M., Candela P.A. Apatite in igneous systems. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 2002, 48:255-292. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C. M.L. Kohn, J. Rakovan, J.M. Hughes (Eds.).
49. 2O. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1982, 46:1011-1040.
50. Price J.R., Heitmann N., Hull J., Szymanski D. Long-term average mineral weathering rates from watershed geochemical mass-balance methods: using mineral modal abundances to solve more equations in more unknowns. Chemical Geology 2008, 254:36-51.
51. Price J.R., Hardy C.R., Tefend K.S., Szymanski D. Solute geochemical mass-balances and mineral weathering rates in small watersheds II: biomass nutrient uptake, more equations in more unknowns, and land use/land cover effects. Applied Geochemistry 2012, 27:1247-1265.
52. Probst A., El Gh'mari A., Aubert D., Fritz B., McNutt R. Strontium as a tracer of weathering processes in a silicate catchment polluted by acid atmospheric inputs, Strengbach, France. Chemical Geology 2000, 170:203-219.
53. Rice K.C., Bricker O.P. Hydrologic and geochemical factors affecting the chemistry of small headwater streams in response to acidic deposition on Catoctin Mountain, north-central Maryland. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 1996, 95-4155.
54. Robinson C.S., Warner L.A., Wahlstrom E.E. General geology of the Harold D. Roberts tunnel, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1974, 831-B.
55. Romero, N.L., 1989. Mineral weathering in the Loch Vale watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Front Range, Colorado [Unpublished M.S. Thesis]. Michigan State University.
56. 26/24Mg geochemistry of granite weathering at pH=1 and T=25°C: power-law processes and the relative reactivity of minerals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2011, 75:6004-6026.
57. Simms P.K., Drake A.A., Tooker E.W. Economic geology of the Central City District, Gilpin County, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1963, 359.
58. Sonnenberg S.A., Bolyard D.W. Tectonic history of the Front Range in Colorado. RMS-AAPG Field Trip #7 1997, 125-133. D.W. Bolyard, S.A. Sonnenberg (Eds.).
59. Stumm W., Morgan J.J. Aquatic Chemistry: Chemical Equilibria and Rates in Natural Waters 1996, Wiley-Interscience, New York. 3rd ed.
60. Swank W.T., Waide J.B. Characterization of baseline precipitation and stream chemistry and nutrient budgets for control watersheds. Forest Hydrology and Ecology at Coweeta 1988, 57-79. Springer-Verlag, New York. W.T. Swank, D.A. Crossley (Eds.).
61. Taylor A.B., Velbel M.A. Geochemical mass-balances and weathering rates in forested watersheds of the southern Blue Ridge II. Effects of botanical uptake terms. Geoderma 1991, 51:29-50.
62. Tooker E.W. Altered wallrocks in the Central Part of the Front Range Mineral Belt Gilpin and Clear Creek Counties, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1963, 439.
63. Turk J.T., Spahr N.E., Campbell D.H. Planning document of water, energy, and biogeochemical-budget (WEBB) research project, Loch Vale watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 1993, 92-628.
64. Tweto O. Precambrian geology of Colorado. Colorado Geology 1980, 37-46. Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists. O. Tweto (Ed.).
65. Veblen T.T. Age and size structure of subalpine forest in the Colorado Front Range. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 1986, 113:225-240.
66. Velbel M.A. Geochemical mass balances and weathering rates in forested watersheds of the southern Blue Ridge. American Journal of Science 1985, 285:904-930.
67. 2 and global greenhouse warming?. Geology 1993, 21:1059-1062.
68. Velbel M.A. Interaction of ecosystem processes and weathering processes. Solute Modelling in Watershed Systems 1995, 193-209. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., New York. S.T. Trudgill (Ed.).
69. Velbel M.A., Price J.R. Solute geochemical mass-balances and mineral weathering rates in small watersheds: methodology, recent advances, and future directions. Applied Geochemistry 2007, 22:1682-1700.
70. Wahlstrom E.E., Kim O.J. Precambrian rocks of the Hall Valley area, Front Range, Colorado. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1959, 70:1217-1244.
71. Walthall, P.M., 1985. Acidic deposition and the soil environment of Loch Vale Watershed in Rocky Mountain National Park [Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation]. Colorado State University.
72. Wardle P. Englemann spruce (Picea engelmanii Engel.) at its upper limits on the Front Range, Colorado. Ecology 1968, 49:483-495.
73. Wells J.D., Sheridan D.M., Albee A.L. Relationship of Precambrian quartzite-schist sequence along Coal Creek to Idaho Springs Formation, Front Range, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1964, 454-O.
74. White A.F., Bullen T.D., Vivit D.V., Schulz M.S., Clow D.W. The role of disseminated calcite in the chemical weathering of granitoid rocks. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1999, 63:1939-1953.
75. White A.F., Schulz M.S., Lowenstern J.B., Vivitt D.V., Bullen T.D. The ubiquitous nature of accessory calcite in granitoid rocks: implications for weathering, solute evolution, and petrogenesis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2005, 69:1455-1471.