Drowning deaths in Sweden with emphasis on the presence of alcohol and drugs - A retrospective study, 1992-2009

BMC Public Health

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

  Ahlm, Kristin ^a   Saveman, Britt Inger ^a   Björnstig, Ulf ^a  

^a UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Alcohol; Drowning; Illicit drugs; Pharmaceutical drugs; Suicide

Indexed keywords

ADDICTION; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ARTICLE; CAUSE OF DEATH; CHILD; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; DROWNING; FEMALE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFANT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; SEX RATIO; SWEDEN; VERY ELDERLY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ALCOHOL DRINKING; CAUSE OF DEATH; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DROWNING; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SEX DISTRIBUTION; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; SWEDEN; YOUNG ADULT;

MLCS; MLOWN;

EID: 84874737200     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712458     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-216     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. World Health Organization (WHO), Violence and Injury Prevention and Disability 2004 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs347/en/index.html Accessed February 9th, 2013
2. The epidemiology of drowning worldwide. Peden MM, McGee K, Inj Control Saf Promot 2003 10 195 199
3. Childhood drowning in low- and middle-income countries: Urgent need for intervention trials. Hyder AA, Borse NN, Blum L, Khan R, El Arifeen S, Baqui AH, J Paediatr Child Health 2008 44 221 227 Review (Pubitemid 351463946)
4. Urban minority youth swimming (in) ability in the United States and associated demographic characteristics: toward a drowning prevention plan. Irwin CC, Irwin RL, Ryan TD, Drayer J, Inj Prev 2009 15 234 239
5. Unintentional drowning in Finland 1970-2000: a population-based study. Lunetta P, Smith GS, Penttilä A, Sajantila A, Int J Epidemiol 2004 33 1053 1063 (Pubitemid 39430000)
6. The National Board of Health and Welfare, Cause of deaths. Swedish Statistics 978-91-86301-36-1 2007 http://www.socialstyrelsen.se/ Accessed February 9th, 2013
7. The epidemiology of drowning in adulthood: implications for prevention. Wintemute GJ, Kraus JF, Teret SP, Wright MA, Am J Prev Med 1988 4 343 348 (Pubitemid 19005222)
8. Land motor vehicle-related drownings in Sweden. Stjernbrandt A, Öström M, Eriksson A, Björnstig U, Traffic Inj Prev 2008 9 539 543
9. Characteristic features of suicidal drownings: a 20-year study. Byard RW, Houldsworth G, James RA, Gilbert JD, Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2001 22 134 138 (Pubitemid 32494108)
10. Epilepsy and injury mortality in Sweden-the importance of changes in coding practice. Jansson B, Ahmed N, Seizure 2002 11 361 370 (Pubitemid 35154148)
11. Drowning in people with epilepsy: how great is the risk? Bell GS, Gaitatzis A, Bell CL, Johnson AL, Sander JW, Neurology 2008 71 578 582
12. Water traffic accidents, drowning and alcohol in Finland, 1969-1995. Lunetta P, Penttilä A, Sarna S, Int J Epidemiol 1998 27 1038 1043 (Pubitemid 29026756)
13. Reducing drowning deaths: the continued challenge of immersion fatalities in Australia. Franklin RC, Scarr JP, Pearn JH, Med J Aust 2010 192 123 126
14. World Health Organization (WHO), Manual of International Classification of Diseases Geneva: Injuries and Causes of Deaths (ICD9) 1977
15. Computer-aided headspace gas chromatography applied to blood-alcohol analyses: importance of online process control. Jones AW, Schuberth J, J Forensic Sci 1989 34 1116 1127 (Pubitemid 19236090)
16. A compilation of fatal and control concentrations of drugs in postmortem femoral blood. Druid H, Holmberg P, J Forensic Sci 1997 42 79 87 (Pubitemid 27023644)
17. World Health Organization (WHO), Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System 2013 http://www.whocc.no/atc-ddd-publications/guidelines/ Accessed February 9th, 2013
18. Interpreting results of ethanol analysis in postmortem specimens: a review of the literature. Kugelberg FC, Jones AW, Forensic Sci Int 2007 165 10 29 Review (Pubitemid 44854349)
19. Swedish Transport Agency, statistics. (in Swedish) 2013 2013 http://www.transportstyrelsen.se/sv/Press/Statistik/Vag/Olycksstatistik/ Olycksstatistik-vag/arsdata-fran-1950/ Accessed March 2013.
20. Estimates of drowning morbidity and mortality adjusted for exposure to risk. Mitchell RJ, Williamsson AM, Olivier J, Inj Prev 2010 16 261 266
21. Epidemiology of accidental drowning in Denmark 1989-1993. Steensberg J, Accid Anal Prev 1998 30 755 762 (Pubitemid 128394360)
22. Drowning mortality in the United States, 1999-2006. Nasrullah M, Muazzam S, J Community Health 2011 36 69 75
23. Why are most drowning victims men? Sex differences in Aquatic skill behaviors. Howland J, Hingson R, Mangione TW, Bell N, Bak S, Am J Public Health 1996 86 93 96 (Pubitemid 26032655)
24. Differences in injury mortality between the Nordic countries-with special reference to differences in coding practices. Melinder KA, Andersson R, J Soc Med 1998 26 190 197
25. Trends in US pediatric drowning hospitalizations, 1993-2008. Bowman SM, Aitken ME, Robbins JM, Baker SP, Pediatrics 2012 129 275 281
26. Epidemiology of unintentional drowning and near-drowning in Denmark in 1995. Lindholms P, Steensberg J, Inj Prev 2000 6 29 31
27. Epidemiology of drowning in Mangalore, a coastal Taluk of South India. Suresh Kumar Shetty B, Shetty M, J Forensic Leg Med 2007 14 410 415 (Pubitemid 47279116)
28. How many lakes are there in Sweden? Håkanson L, Phys Geogr 1994 76 203 205
29. Suicide by drowning: a 20-year review. Wirthwein DP, Barnard JJ, Prahlow JA, J Forensic Sci 2002 47 131 136 (Pubitemid 34084165)
30. Firearms, hanging, and drowning suicides in the Republic of Ireland. Sarma K, Kola S, Crisis 2010 31 69 75
31. Suicide and deliberate self harm in older Irish adults. Corcoran P, Reulbach U, Perry IJ, Arensman E, Int Psychogeriatr 2010 22 1327 1336
32. Alcohol and unnatural deaths in the West of Ireland: a 5-year review. Ingoldsby H, Callagy G, J Clin Pathol 2010 63 900 903
33. Suicidal drowning in Southwestern Croatia: a 25-year review. Stemberga V, Bralic M, Coklo M, Cuculic D, Bosnar A, Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2010 31 52 54
34. WHO, World Suicide Prevention Day 2004 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ news/releases/2004/pr61/en/ Accessed February 9th, 2013
35. Gender differences in risk factors for suicide in Denmark. Qin P, Agerbo E, Westergård-Nielsen N, Eriksson T, Mortensen PB, Br J Psychiatry 2000 177 546 540
36. Trends in suicide by drowning in the elderly in England and wales 1979-2001. Salib E, Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 2004 19 175 181
37. Method choice, intent, and gender in completed suicide. Denning DG, Conwell Y, King D, Cox C, Suicide Life Threat Behav 2000 30 282 828
38. Method of attempted suicide as predictor of subsequent successful suicide: national long term cohort stud. Runeson B, Tidemalm D, Dahlin M, Lichtenstein P, Långström N, BMJ 2010 13 341 c3222 http://www.Bmj.com/content/341/bmj.c3222 Accessed March 2013
39. Gender differences in filicide offense characteristics-a comprehensive register-based study of child murder in two European countries. Putkonen H, Amon S, Eronen M, Klier CM, Almiron MP, Cederwall JY, Weizmann-Henelius G, Child Abuse Negl 2011 35 319 328
40. Watercraft-related drownings among New York State residents, 1988-1994. Browne ML, Lewis-Michl EL, Stark AD, Public Health Rep 2003 118 459 463 (Pubitemid 37059479)
41. Drowning and alcohol in New Zealand: what do the coroner's files tell us? Warner M, Smith GS, Langley JD, Aust N Z J Public Health 2000 24 387 390
42. Drinking and recreational boating fatalities: a population-based case-control study. Smith GS, Keyl PM, Hadley JA, Bartley CL, Foss RD, Tolbert WG, McKnight J, JAMA 2001 286 2974 2980 (Pubitemid 33140361)
43. The health effects of moderate alcohol intake in humans: an epidemiologic review. Meister KA, Whelan EM, Kava R, Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2000 37 261 296 (Pubitemid 30433585)
44. Evans L, Traffic Safety, Alcohol. Bloomfield, Michigan; Science Serving Society Printed in United States of America 2006 237 269
45. Missing the boat on drinking and boating. Howland J, Smith GS, Mangione T, Hingson R, DeJong W, Bell N, JAMA 1993 270 91 92 (Pubitemid 23202658)
46. Trends in unintentional drowning: the role of alcohol and medical care. Cummings P, Quan L, JAMA 1999 281 2198 2202 (Pubitemid 29275702)
47. Suicides hidden among undetermined deaths. Ohberg A, Lonnqvist J, Acta Psychiatr Scand 1998 98 214 218 (Pubitemid 28428153)
48. Is suicide risk taken seriously in heavy drinkers who harm themselves? Taylor C, Cooper J, Appleby L, Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999 100 309 311 (Pubitemid 29428387)
49. Ten ways for physicians to minimize the risk of patients causing traffic accidents while under influence of prescribed psychoactive medication. O'Hanlon JF, Primary Care Psychiatr 1995 1 77 85
50. Risk of road traffic accidents associated with the prescription of drugs: a registry-based cohort study. Engeland A, Skurveit S, Mørland J, Ann Epidemiol 2007 17 597 602 (Pubitemid 47096708)
51. Driving under the influence of non-alcohol drugs. Mørland J, Forensic Sci 2000 12 80 105 Review
52. The effects of alcohol and other drugs on psychomotor performance and cognitive function. Hindmarch I, Kerr JS, Sherwood N, Alcohol Alcohol 1991 26 71 79
53. Characteristics of drowning by different age groups. Quan L, Cummings P, Inj Prev 2003 9 163 168
54. Impact of age, submersion time and water temperature on outcome in near-drowning. Suominen P, Baillie C, Korpela R, Rautanen S, Ranta S, Olkkola KT, Resuscitation 2002 52 247 254 (Pubitemid 34211981)
55. Review of the role of alcohol in drowning associated with recreational aquatic activity. Driscoll TR, Harrison JA, Steenkamp M, Inj Prev 2004 10 107 113 (Pubitemid 39530621)
56. Alcohol and drowning: an analysis of contributing factors and a discussion of criteria for case selection. Wintemute GJ, Teret SP, Kraus JF, Wright M, Accid Anal Prev 1990 22 291 296